...the book (Art Theory) of Robert Williams is generally refers to the existence of art history and art theory at the same time. As far as the importance is concerned, there is no significant difference between art history and art theory. These two always correlated in every way in one aspect, learning art theory; obviously it will provide you the importance of art history at the same time, in studying, and engagement with art. When understanding art, philosophy attempts to come up with theories about art. This theory is maybe a set of principles that define and explains the full meaning of art. However, sometimes, just because a theory is wrong doesn't mean it has no value, we can describe the importance of every art theory even if it is wrong or right. For that reason, an art theory may satisfy necessary or enough conditions, and it will always find exceptions. As we go to the purpose of studying art theory, history should always be part of it. According to Robert Williams, Studying theory should be approached historically, that it is within a comprehensive history of art that the study of theory has most to offer. For example the contemporary art, that involves multifaceted of artists, artwork, audience, institutions. All of these aspects demonstrate with each other, and changes through history. This complex ideas change through history and produce tension between common and uncommon creativity. Works Cited The Introduction of the book (Art Theory) of Robert...
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...Proposal for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Violeta Capovska Title Identity, gender and migration in contemporary art, Multidisciplinary perspectives In between, Exploration of identity, gender and migration, Cross- cultural perspectives in contemporary art Foreignness, Identity and Gender, Cross-cultural narrative in contemporary art Neither here nor there, Foreignness in contemporary art, Cross- cultural perspective (include key words, give indication of my approach to key questions) Introduction The thesis will be an integral part of the practice lead investigation. I propose to undertake an interdisciplinary study, focusing on the intersection of contemporary art, philosophy, psychoanalitical and cultural theory. Parallel with writing the thesis, my studio...
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...definitionS of Pragmatic, Pragmatism, and the Pragmatic Theory of Drama in Plato and Aristotle. A University of Lagos, M.A Seminar Work By Larayetan, Raphael Segun, (Mat. No.139013058) COURSE: Theory of Drama LECTURER: Dr. Patrick Oloko Introduction: This paper attempts an exploration of pragmatics, pragmatism and pragmatic theory as perceived by scholars from different intellectual tradition with focus on drama as a genre of literature. From the classic to the contemporary period, dramatic theorists and dramatists have been involved in the polemics on functions of drama, whether it is an instrument of communicating ideas or just a genre of literature that only entertains. Whether drama entertains or bears the ideological or moral burdens which the author through his art intends to pass to the readers, drama unequivocally has a function which, according to Philip Sidney, is to “teach and to delight”. With this in mind, it can be established that every piece of drama sets out to achieve a function though critics and dramatists have disagreed on what the ideal function of drama should be. It is this light that the current paper explores the pragmatic theory of drama in Plato and Aristotle, or, simply put; how Plato and Aristotle perceive the ideal function of drama. Definition of Terms: Pragmatism is a theory that emphasises the dual function of a work of art. It stipulates the heuristic function of literature...
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...On Art Theory As Art Whether it be writers, painters, sculptors, musicians, or photographers, artists all over the world have striven to show people their views of the world, of people, and even of the universe itself. Throughout history the creative urge of man to present to fellow men a different perspective or representation of life-or even the afterlife-has surfaced time and time again in the form of artwork. Sometimes it comes through genius and complexity, full of meaning and symbolism. Others, it is simple and void of any clear meaning at all other than that it is art. Soon, however, there became a point when the work of art was no longer something one could just look at and understand; the principle of the matter had changed. Art leapt from viewable understanding straight into the Modern movement where theory became art, and to understand it, one must know the theory it is based upon. Never was this more apparent than in the artwork of the abstract expressionist. Essentially, artwork is not art because of theory, and art based on theory cannot be creative or truly said to be art. To understand all of this, from the beginning, one must begin with the Word. That is to say, one must start with the understanding of the theory, what became known as the painted Word, behind Modern art between 1945 and 1975. Probably the clearest and easiest to understand explanation of these theories and how they progressed through Modern Art history has been written by Tom Wolfe...
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...“A Communication Event Analysis: Functional Group Theory within a Fundraising Committee” Sometimes problem-solving can be more successfully executed when there is more than one brain working towards a solution. By working within a group, one can also have the ability to see possible perils that personal biases could have otherwise delayed. The Functional Group Communications Theory can mainly be correlated to researchers, Dennis Gouran and Randy Hirokawa. Gouran and Hirokawa suggest that there are influences that correspond with the origination of the theory: John Dewey’s reflective thinking study, Robert Bales’ Interaction Process explorations, and research on Vigilant Decision Making completed by Irving Janis ( (Salazar). Hirokawa addresses valuable resolutions, and Gouran discusses applicable decisions. This theory demonstrates the insight of collaborative communication (Hirokawa). The Functional Theory of Effective group decision making is not essentially effected by what communication behaviors are being implemented, but more so the degree in which the correspondents are communicatively addressing matters (Littlejohn). In 1983, Hirokawa and Gouran developed four functions, termed “functional requisites” that a group should do to make an effective decision (Salazar). The first of these is to analyze the problem, once the problem has been identified then goals should be set, once goals are presented then the group should identify alternative...
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...Impressionist artists rejected for independent exhibitions. The Anonymous Society of Painters, Engravers, Sculptors, etc.; not only organized, but also participated in the first independent art exhibition that was held in 1874 ("Impressionism and Post-Impressionism," 2007-2015). This group included more than twenty famous artists and included Claude Monet and Auguste Renior. These artists didn't like to be restricted to painting in studios and drawing inspiration from past art, history, or mythology; as artists of the past were, they painted scenes from modern life and/or landscapes. Impressionist artists had a great understanding of nature of light and color theory. They were very literal with their paintings, they didn't vary from the scene in front of them. Take Monet's work, 'Impression, Sunrise' for example; he created this painting exactly as he saw it. He used visible brushstrokes to show exactly how the sunrise looked over the water that morning (Voorhies, October 2004). By 1886, however there were younger artists that felt the Impressionists didn't put the concentration on the subject matter like they should, instead focusing more on their technique and the effects of the natural light ("Post-Impressionism," n.d.). These artists became known as Post-Impressionists, a term coined by English artist Roger Fry in 1910 for an exhibition that he organized showing the different styles and interests of all of the artists featured in the exhibition. These artists wanted...
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...lor theory in the Impressionist era.” It will explore the deeper meanings, techniques, and goals the artists of that time were trying to accomplish regarding color. The goals of this exhibit will be to inform the audience about the selective methods in which the colors were chosen and presented, and why the artists chose them. The idea of color, especially in the Impressionist Era, has been essential in understanding the art of this time which has sparked us to create this years exhibit. We find it vital to the art community as well as the common museumgoer that this information be displayed. We find this collection to be important to our gallery because the impressionist style was that of emotion, radicality, and at the time, derogatory content. We feel that the harsh backlash of the mainstream consensus to the style makes it far more important in how art was to be considered and created in the future. The artists accomplished in capturing the emotion of the scene, with the short broken strokes, and especially through their color selection. Artists such as Van Gogh, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, and many others will be on display, with pieces that epitomize the use of color in this era. Spanning from the creation of this style, to when it became the Post Impressionism era, it will give the viewer a sense of the evolution of the styles and techniques used by the artists. Pieces such as Van Gogh’s “ Night Cafe” (transported from the Yale University Art Gallery)...
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...Consequently, much of the art of this genre is filled with imagery and objects that pertain to previous original concepts. These modern artistic endeavors also include the creativity involved in postmodernism which comes from the new arrangement of said past concepts. The primary notion of postmodernism rejects the modernists preoccupation with aestheticism as well as the formal qualities tied to the movement. In effect, something new is created from something old. As postmodernism progressed, many artists and critics alike began to question the fundamental and intrinsic values and motivations behind the modernist movement. While postmodernists were beginning to explore their newly created movement, French philosophers Jean Baudrillard and Roland Barthes introduced new theories regarding the flourishing artistic practices of simulation and appropriation. In 1967 Roland Barthes wrote in his essay "The Death of the Author," stripped both dominion and creation from artists and writers, declaring, “A text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God), but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash.” According to Barthes, no new creations were unique in any way. They were all merely reinterpretations of those ideas which came first. Consequently, many different artists began to openly acknowledge the embracement of appropriation in their work. An artist who has proven to be a perfect...
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...natural appearance, some artists deliberately change it. They stretch or bend forms, break up shapes, and give objects unlikely textures or colors. Artists make these transformations in an effort to communicate something they cannot convey through realistic treatment. Works of art that reframe nature for expressive effect are called abstract. Art that derives from, but does not represent, a recognizable subject is called nonrepresentational or nonobjective abstraction. The pivotal event that brought modernism to America was the International Exhibition of Modern Art of 1913, today better known as the Armory Show. The exhibition exposed American audiences to abstract art for the first time. Many ridiculed the fragmentation of cubism and rejected the charged colors of fauvism and expressionism. A few, however, embraced abstraction, and gradually the new styles were incorporated into the American visual vocabulary. Energized by new artistic possibilities, American artists synthesized European innovations into a variety of forms. Lyonel Feininger's cubist constructions incorporate the color and movement typical of Italian futurism. Max Weber and John Marin fractured images and reassembled the faceted planes into dynamic compositions. The organic abstractions of Georgia O'Keeffe and Arthur Dove add a new dimension to familiar forms from the natural world. Abstraction dominated American art beginning in the 1930s. Fleeing fascism, a wave of European artists and intellectuals immigrated...
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...second half of 19th century, which was results of French artists rejecting the traditional government sanctioned academic painting that was dominating their arts at the time. The first independent art exhibition was held in 1874 for one month. Few of the famous artists’ who participated and help organize this exhibition was Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renior, Edgar Degas and Camille Pissarro along with 25 other artists. They displayed approximately 165 paintings during this exhibit. This group of artists referred themselves as the Anonymous Society of Painters, Engravers, Sculptors, etc. The artists from Impressionism period intentionally painted which captured the nuances of light and beauty of natures. These artists were against painting a picture of moral messages, as the artists of past they mostly painted in studio. Impressionist had very firm understating of color theory, optics, nature of light, and optical mixing (created much more vivid colors in the eyes of the viewers). The invention of photography had profound influence on the artist of the day, the way they handle perspective in the relationship between subject matters in space. The invention of photography essentially freed these painters to become more abstract with their subject matter, they were all about light and colors, they also had better and more sophisticated pigments therefore their painting were more saturated in colors. The artists also made every effort to capture the transitory atmospheric...
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...Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Artist – Pablo Picasso To compliment this discussion, background of this artist is essential. This artists’ indoctrination into the world of African masks, the Dan Tribe specifically, would revolutionize the art world at the time and has had an impact on artists and viewers to this day. The artist is Pablo Picasso. In June of 1907, Picasso visited the West African masks exhibition at the Trocadero Museum in Paris, France. As he viewed the African mask exhibition, he exclaimed: “The masks, they were not sculptures like the others. Not at all. They were magical things, intercessors… against everything, against unknown, menacing spirits”. (Walker) The influence of African masks can be noticed in a large number of Picasso’s art following this visit to the museum. Picasso’s oil painting, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon also known as The Maids of Avignon, was painted one year after his museum visit in 1907. This was the first piece of art by Picasso and validated by art critics where incorporation of the essence of an African mask was noticed. From 1907 through 1909, Picasso’s art exhibited a strong African influence. His art became more abstract and he is hailed as having begun Cubism and abstract art era by the art world. If one was to view his three self-portraits the progression of this African influence can be readily noticed. The last self-portrait was painted before his death in 1972 and resembles a Dan Tribe African Death Mask. Although...
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...Political Movements in the 20th Century HUM/300 Political Movements in the 20th Century During the 20th century several major political events took place that changed the worldwide view of civilization and shook up the collective consciousness. World War I and II showed the dark side of technology when used to hurt humanity. Civil movements surged around the world as a result of minorities trying to regain their identity, which various governments throughout the world restricted. The authors will examine major political events that had a notable effect on the 20th century, including, the influences of World War I and II, the surge of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Gender Equality Movement. The author’s examination will consider the works of artists and how his or her creative expression reflected the mood of the era. Political Events: World War I and II World War I (WWI) started in 1914, and lasted through 1918. The political event that triggered this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The war tactics employed in World War I changed the methods and strategies in future conflicts bringing more devastation. Some of the new strategies included trench warfare, chemical warfare, and upgraded technology; it introduced chemical weapons including chlorine and phosgene, which produced devastating damages. The exposure to high levels of these gases resulted in temporary blindness, difficulty...
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...Prominent Painters and Painting from Song to Qing Dynasty Hee Dam Yoon (52775031) Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty was the golden age of landscape painting in Chinese history. Many artists developed landscape painting during Five Dynasties so, the development in the Song period was smoothly started. Especially emperor Song Huizong enjoyed contribution on art cultivation during the Song Dynasty, so, the soaring of Chinese landscape painting was possible (Hough, “Sung Dynasty (1960-1179)”). Features of this period are vision of nature and scholarly officials’ participation in the art field. These officials expressed their political view and cultivated themselves through natural images (Department of Asian Art). Guo-Xi was one of the prominent painters in this era. As a well educated court professional, he took a side with peasantry or poor people so, emperor Huizong wanted him to spread out the harmonious social atmosphere as a representative. Even though he was a high ranking official, he valued different perspectives from different people and classes. So, his painting style includes “angle of totality” which connotes different views that reflect his life belief (The Famous Artist). Guo-Xi. Early Spring. 1072. Ink and color on silk. National Palace Museum. Taipei This is a Guo-Xi’s most popular masterpiece called Early Spring. He expressed landscape of spring after winter by showing mountain surrounded by clouds. By using the floating perspective, another name of an angle...
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...Oscar Wilde was a passionate admirer of art, an intellectual dandy and a keen advocate of the Aesthetic Movement. Through his essay The Decay of Lying: An Observation, Wilde uses an obviously self-modelled character named Vivian to set out a series of doctrines which detail his personal philosophy on the relationship that exists between art and life, and the rolls that they should play. Chiefly these are: art should only express itself, expressing life and nature makes for bad art, life imitates art more than art imitates life, and that lying is the true aim of art . When applied to his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray these doctrines add an extra layer of meaning to the themes already presented, and this allows for a greater level of understanding. There are several instances during the narrative of the novel which show a relationship between the roles of art and life, and the ways in which they are separated, combined, and reversed. Understanding the theories set out by Vivian helps with comprehending the relationship between Dorian and his portrait, as well as with his friends Lord Henry and Basil Hallward. The Decay of Lying is presented as a slightly confusing and seemingly contradictory essay on the relationship between art and life which treads the border between being sincere and ironic, while The Picture of Dorian Gray is a metaphor infused novel which blurs the lines between art and life as actively as it seeks to separate them. Both writings leave room for speculation...
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...an organizational plan to combine the two art-based organizations with an aim of increasing their effectiveness and efficiency. It involves fundamental changes that are beneficial to the operations of both companies. This documental analysis will assist Ann Ewers, General Director of the Utah Opera; make an informed decision concerning the merger process. The analysis will comprise motivation theories as well as other pertinent information that are essential for use in the merger process. It will also comprise different types of power and how to effectively deal with them in decision making, potential harm as a result of the merger, and how to utilize available influence in order to build additional support. A1. Bill Bailey Mr. Bailey Bill can effectively use McClelland’s need theory to convince Utah Opera to support the merger. The general concern raised by the theory is the need for affiliation. The theory emphasizes the need to continue with social relationships. It also calls for the need of group belonging and need for love (Kreinter and Kinicki, 2010). The opera members will be at a position of building more associations with individuals who support the added advantage of different art forms through additional interactions available with the symphony members. The merging of Utah Opera with Utah Symphony will ensure that the social circle will eventually grow to include all members supporting the symphonic arts. In this case, the social relationship need...
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