...Running Head: ART AND CULTURE THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES AND BEYOND Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond IWT1 Abstract In this essay I compare the art of Middle Ages period to the art of the Pop Art period. I begin by explaining each period and the social and cultural factors contributing to art during the era. I then give examples of musical works from each time, a liturgical piece from Guillaume de Machaut, and a rock and roll song from Pop Art icon Elvis Presley. A summary includes a compare and contrast of the styles in whole and of the specific pieces, noting the impact of rock and roll on modern day music and society. Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond The subject of art throughout history is one that is widely debated and highly subject to interpretation. One thing that isn’t debatable is that cultural influences from centuries ago are as relevant as ever, from theming box office movies to manipulating the way we see the world around us. Of course, art forms are available in a wide variety, but I find music to be perhaps the most influential. To further elaborate, I will give an explanation of two separate periods of music through history in the following essay. The Middle Ages The Middle Ages, also referred to as the Medieval period, was a time when science and technology were being pursued perhaps more than ever, yet humanism wasn’t quite in the lead. “We are inclined today to romanticize the Middle Ages as a time when things...
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...Outline of Movements in Art ART 101 Art Appreciation Submitted by: Na’Quisha Powell Submitted to: Instructor: Carrie Ann Wills Date: July 22, 2013 I. Baroque (began around 1600-1750) a. The Baroque era began as artistic revolt against the stylization of Mannerist art and as means of implementing the demands of the Counter-Reformation Church, which sought to restore its religious prominence in the western world in the face of the Protestant threat (Duckett, 2011). The Baroque movement began in ital where artists expressed the triumphs of the Catholic Church. b. Artwork significant to the movement * Merisi, M. (1601). “Caravaggio, Conversion of Saint Paul” [oil on canvas 7’ 6” x 5’ 9”]. Cerasi Chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. In F. S. Kleiner (Ed.), Gardner’s art through the ages: The Western perspective (14 ed., Vol. II, p. 562). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. * Merisi, M. (1603). “Caravaggio, Entombment” [oil on canvas 9’ 10 1/8 x 6’ 7 15/16”]. Pinacoteca, Musei Vaticani, Rome. In F. S. Kleiner (Ed.), Gardner’s art through the ages: The Western perspective (14 ed., Vol. II, p. 562). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. II. Impressionism (began around the late 19th century) a. Impressionism, both in content and in style, was an art of industrialized, urbanized Paris, a reaction to the sometimes brutal and chaotic transformation of French life that occurred during the latter half of the 19th century (Kleiner, 2014). b....
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...Visual Arts 2 Kashata Warren Arts/230 October24,2011 Regina Sadona Visual Arts 2 “Visual Arts are those creations one can literally look at, such as a drawing or a sculpture.”(Visual Arts.com,) One may think of a design or a collage and call it art. Many people visualize art to be a number of creative things. This is why it is so important. During a certain point and time back in history, a group of artist and fine people decided the need to differentiate science and art. “They begin to split up fine Arts into Visual Arts (painting, sculpture, etc.), Auditory Arts (music, drama, spoken literature) and Performance Arts (which can be either Visual, Auditory or a combination of two-but are performed.” (www.arthistory.com,) Introducing a few different “Visual Arts “ which were mentioned earlier in the essay “paintings, sculptures, etc.”(www.arthistory.com) “John Ahearnand and RigobertoTorres’s sculpture “Pat” (1982). “(Sayne, 2010) is a good example of a visual art sculpture. One example of a visual art painting is “Pablo Picasso’s Seated Batter,1930.”(Sayne,2010) Introducing an example of Auditory Art would be “Neo-Classical 5 “(celestical-voices.blogspot.com/2010/04/neo-classical-2010.htm/). Introducing an example of Performance Arts is “The John Oats Band” (performing arts.utf.edu/events/2011/the john-oats-band/. When focusing on art another way one can show their ideas and feelings is through creative expressions. “Creative expressions are forms...
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...The Classical Period The Classical Art Period consisted of ancient Greek and Roman art and fell between the years 900 BC and 31 BC. During the Classical Period, Athens and Sparta were dominant cities in the Greek region. These cities were suspicious of one another, but managed to live peacefully together until the 5th century, BC. Cultural and political differences between the two cities caused a rivalry to form. The rivalry was eventually quelled after a brutal war which ultimately ended in the demise of both cities and the rise of Macedonia as the dominant power in the region. Eventually, the social structure in the Classical Period became somewhat of a democracy and an open society which we have emulated in the United States (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). Many other wars occurred over the course of the Classical Period, and this culture of war contributed to the realism of the art of the time. The brutality of war and the effects it had on Greek society inspired artists to focus on man, rational thinking, and logic (“History of Greece: Classical Greece”, 2014). Greek artists in the 5th century, BC began to realistically imitate humans and animals through art (Boardman, 2012). These Greek artists gained a better understanding of anatomy and the human body’s mechanics, giving them the ability to realistically render the human form in multiple positions without appearing awkward. Logic was valued over emotion in sculptures. This means that facial expressions...
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... “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” by Walter Benjamin, he writes about a change in perspective in film and photography and discusses his argument towards the loss of the aura through the mechanical reproduction of art itself. He also touches upon how modern art has changed immensely since the beginning of its creation, and how it has lost a majority of its value. As social media is growing and changing, there are many opportunities for anyone to be able to take professional photos just by having equipment and the social...
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...From innovative advancements to grand masterpieces, the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods were pivotal periods in our history that today are still greatly recognizable and appreciated for their beauty and awe inspiring captivation of humanity. The Middle Ages, a time of great turmoil, forced people to seek order in their lives and stay alive through dependence on community while the Renaissance period pushed the boundaries of personal enlightenment and ‘rebirth’ of classical humanism. Throughout the 700 year period, the development and advancements of innovations, art, and humanities clearly deviates between the Middle Ages and Renaissance period, displaying a striking portrayal of individualism versus community. The Middle Ages began in the early 10th century with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and continued throughout the late 15th century. During this time the Middle Ages experienced great political and social change from religious and political crusaders conquering lands, to the establishment of the first universities (Bishop, 1968). The Middle Ages was an age of revolts, religious imbalances, and devastating plagues that led to an economic depression (Bishop, 1968). With all of these external factors affecting their lives, the people of the Middle Ages sought to find order through a feudal government system and community outreach. The ‘dark’ time of the Middle Ages resulted in the expansion of knowledge and ideas known as the Renaissance period from the...
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...From the Middle Ages through the Renaissance Brandi Morris American Intercontinental University Introduction Renaissance Art emerged as a cultural transformation which took place with the beginning of 14th Century. It was originated in France and brought historical art changes which subsequently marked a fine line between Middle Ages and Modern Age. Renaissance art was later identified as the return of Roman and Greek Art culture since it had focused over the humanism and reformation (Woods, 2007). This paper aims to compare two different art works of renaissance in order to identify their differences and similarities. The Portrait of Durer’s Father at 70 by Albrecht Durer, 1497. Material: oil on paint Size: 51×40cm Form It has two dimensions which have used different materials the most prominent ones are the oil on panel. The oil and lime painting process has been utilized in order to make this distinguishing piece of art (Examples of Renaissance works of art by artists born after 1469, 2010). There is a striking combination of black, brown, font, pink and red. Overall painting is made with the help of thin lines, for instance, the reflection of 70 years old man is clearly visible through the thin lines of his hairs and wrinkles on the face. The straight rectangular shape of the portrait has given it a more realistic and admirable look. Durer has used engraving texture techniques so as to give the portrait a more pragmatic appearance. Thin lines of Durer’s father...
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...Art is an almost limitless vehicle for expression. It takes a wide variety of forms and is always evolving into new avenues of expression over the centuries. People have used art since the beginning. In prehistoric times cave art was used as a form of storytelling using pictograms. For example, cave people used charcoal to draw onto the roofs of caves. To this day, these drawings depict the hunting of animals and record part of the lives of people long ago. This is an example of one of the first purposes of art as a historical record. Throughout time various cultures would use drawings on tablets, walls, and buildings to depict important events and everyday occurrences. Over time, gradually art took on other roles and forms. For example, in ancient Rome villas would depict pleasant scenery. These murals can still be viewed today in the ruins of Pompeii. In addition, both Rome and Greece used sculptures to celebrate and memorialize the human form. Thus, in ancient times art took a big leap by providing an outlet for self expression and pleasure to its admirers....
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...reproductive technology (ART) on women's marriage and fertility timing decisions and ii) the effects of time spent working on individual's obesity and health status and the mechanisms contributing to these effects. In two chapters, I examine whether greater affordability of ART has impacted women's fertility and marriage choices. ART consists of medical technologies that help women and couples with fertility problems conceive a child using such methods as in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Since the percentage of women facing infertility increases greatly with age, by making it affordable for women to delay family formation and then use ART to start families later if they face infertility, greater affordability of ART could induce women to delay marriage and childbearing. To formally identify channels through which greater affordability of ART might impact women's decisions about timing of family, I develop theoretical models of greater affordability of ART and women's allocation of time on work and family investment over the life course. To test the implications of the models, I utilize empirical strategies exploiting variation in the mandated insurance coverage of ART across U.S. states and over time. In the first chapter, I use linear probability models and the 1977-2010 Current Population Survey to examine the likelihood that women of different ages with and without mandated insurance coverage of ART have ever been married in order to compute marriage rates between age groups, the differences...
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...(“Assisted”) The success rates for ART are at a maximum in women under the age of 35. They experience roughly a 40-50% pregnancy rate after undergoing ART. (“Infertility”) Furthermore, a single woman can have kids of her own regardless of her relationships and affairs. Technically, she does not need a long-term partner or marriage to conceive. Lastly, ART is one of only few ways through which same-sex couples have a fair chance at having kids of their own. (“Access”) By utilizing the various forms of ART, one biological parent is possible to procreate. (“Access”) Therefore, it is no surprise that the amount of gay and lesbian couples choosing to undergo IVF has increased over the past 10 years. (Wong) Children raised in gay or lesbian families differ minimally from children raised in heterosexual families; the differences that do result emerge from other factors—not simply sexuality. In addition, these children are more likely to be open-minded about sexual matters, less likely to develop stereotypical gender...
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...Tyisha Tomlinson Essay 1 Is all art worth studying? Art has long been a way of releasing creative expression. From long ago artist have used their creativeness to tell stories and invoke feelings of pleasure. Also art has been a way of understanding people and the way they lived and what they did in their time. "Hall of the Bulls"," Bull-Leaping", and "Interior of the Tomb of the Leopards" are three art pieces that tell the history of its time. The "Hall of the Bulls" was created between 15000-13000 BCE. This painting was done on the wall of a rock in a cave. It is considered the Stone Age style. The subject of this painting is animals primarily bulls. According to Gardner's Art through the Ages historians wondered why the painting consists only of animals. It was later thought that it was a way of having power or control of the animals. The cave in which the painting is in Lascaux, near Montignac, France. Unlike the "Hall of the Bulls" the "Bull-leaping" painting is near Eastern and Egyptian art. The painting was created around 1450-1400 BCE. According to Gardner's Art through the Ages only fragments of the full composition survive. The remainder is a modern restoration. The style of this painting is Greek Knossos. This painting represents people and animals. It depicts the sport of bull leaping. The people in the painting are very agile and revealed to be able to master the animal. A Minoan artist created this painting. The Interior of the "Tomb...
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...ARTH 1380 Art & Society Prehistory to Gothic MWF 10:00 -11:00 a.m. FA132- Dudley Recital Hall Instructor: Dr. Sarah Kielt Costello Office: FA104A Office Hours: M/W 9:30 – 10:00 a.m. or by appointment e-mail: skcostello@uh.edu Graders: (to be determined) Course Description: An introduction to the history of Western art through a survey of painting, sculpture, architecture and crafts from the prehistoric era through the medieval period. Emphasis will be on understanding art as an expression of the culture that produced it, and as a means of understanding historical context. We will follow a historical progression, studying a number of cultures and periods in turn. The best way to succeed is to read the textbook before each class, attend every lecture, take good notes, and study each week. Be advised that you simply cannot learn this material at the last minute. Learning Outcomes: Students will attain, through lectures & reading, and will demonstrate through three exams and two papers knowledge about the art and cultures of the western civilization (from prehistory through the Medieval period). Students will develop observation, analytical & writing skills through the writing of two papers on works of art. Grading: Exams: The exams will consist of multiple choice questions based on slides, assigned reading, and lecture notes. You will be provided with a list of images & terms that you need to know for the exam. No other...
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...PRESCHOOL CLASSROOM Janelle Conlin Early Childhood Curriculum & Methods: ECE311 Instructor: Michael Walter August 10, 2012 PRESCHOOL CLASSROOM Preschool classroom’s fosters an exploratory play environment for children ages four to five to prepare students for private school kindergarten courses and utilizes North Carolina kindergarten standards to develop curriculum. Cumberland County public school system does not have the best reputation for educating students and has created a need for more private schools. Currently, we only offer a preschool program but plan to expand into the elementary school ages. As the new school year approaches I will be redesigning the classroom environment and curriculum by incorporating theories from Reggio Emilia, Creative Curriculum, and High Scope Curriculum along with including state standard activities to cover the main concepts for the core subjects to prepare for Kindergarten. Classroom environment and teaching strategies will incorporate philosophies and theories from Reggio Emilia, Creative Curriculum, High Scope Curriculum, and Piaget’s theory into a comprehensive curriculum design for preschoolers. When developing curriculum it is important for this age group to have several approaches. “Children ages 3–8 benefit from planned, teacher-guided, interactive small-group and large- group experiences” (NAEYC, 2009). “Reggio Emilia programs demonstrate how planning an environment is driven by respect for the rights of the child to...
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...is the Evolution of Art. I will be demonstrating how art has changed over time. From the Stone Age to modern day, art has had some dramatic changes b. Why did I choose it this theme? I chose this theme because I find it interesting how quickly and how drastically art has changed overtime. Starting from the Stone Age, it took man 25,000 years to develop art with language, but every since the 1950s it’s as if a new style of art develops every decade. This theme also gives the development of art some perspective. It also allows us to see how far art has come since cave drawings. c. Things to think about as you...
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...Renaissance and the Baroque ages. Thereafter, I was required to identify at least two examples of art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature depicted during the periods. By doing so, I expected to identify how these examples reflected world events and cultural blueprints of their periods. The Renaissance refers to the cultural transformations witnessed in Europe between the fourteen-century and the sixteen-century (Cheremeteff, 2000). The transformations originated in Italy before spreading to the other parts of Europe. Owing to the transformations, Europe came out of the economic crisis experienced during the middle ages. As such, the period was marked by robust financial growth. Similarly, the period saw changes in art, music, architecture, philosophy, and literature. On the other hand, the Baroque refers to the cultural style witnessed in Europe between the 17th century and the mid 18th century (Cheremeteff, 2000). The style was depicted by the use of overstated motion and interpreted features to create stage shows, tension, enthusiasm, and sumptuousness from monuments, work of arts, literature, and songs. Detailed below is what I expect to unravel from the two time capsules. Art From the Renaissance period, I expect to find the Last supper by Leonardo da Vinci. The piece of art is one the most renowned work of art in the human history (Cheremeteff, 2000). The work depicted the scene of the last supper as illustrated in the Bible. Through the painting, da Vinci was...
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