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Summary of “A Cell-Based Systems Biology Assessment of Human Blood to Monitor Immune Responses after Influenza Vaccination

The goal of this study was to create methods and define protocols that may be used in future systems vaccinology studies. Having these tools at the ready can lend a hand in investigating the various reactions of different cell types to the immune response generated after vaccination. Scientists used influenza vaccinations in this study. Among the questions addressed the most important was if it was possible to develop these protocols and methods to study immune response to vaccinations in various individuals. One question addressed was how to “investigate the contribution of individual cell types to the immune response after vaccination.” (Hoek) Another question was is there any changes in protein-coding or non-coding RNA transcripts after vaccination.
To answer their questions, the scientists established an efficient way to purify human T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils from venous blood. Having this method not only helps conclude a hypothesis, but can be used in the future to help other scientists conduct their experiment. Using this high dimensional molecular approach, scientists can use systems biology to identify changes in the blood caused by vaccinations or other perturbations. Their results reveal that RNA and protein expression profiles from each individual sorted cell type differ from the profile obtained from PBMC. These results provide scientists with a more comprehensive systems biology approach to monitor and eventually model vaccine response.
The scientists assumed that this method would help determine if changes in blood after vaccination were different depending on the individual tested. This hypothesis was testable and it was proved that there are differences in

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