...Faith Brown September 9, 2014 Artificial Intelligence is something that has been around for quite some time. It is simply the science of making machine imitate human thinking and behavior. There are many types of businesses and organizations that use artificial intelligence. Many of them are government organizations but are not limited to hospitals and local businesses. Artificial intelligence can be used for the simplest of things like counting inventory or to the more complex of things such as reading electrocardiograms. With artificial intelligence, we have been able to reduce the time that it takes an actual human to do something. These systems are in place so that we spend more time on the more critical things. There are four types of artificial intelligence. The four types are expert systems, neural networks (and fuzzy logic), genetic algorithms, and agent-based technologies. All of the these systems have their benefits as well as their not so good features. For starters, we will examine expert systems. Expert systems, which is also referred to as knowledge-based systems, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. These systems are used for diagnosing problems. They also help with coming up with a solution to the problem. These systems are built for a specific domain that they will be ran on. The knowledge base for these systems contain both factual and heuristic knowledge. This means that the factual information could...
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...1.INTRODUCTION: Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It includes people,procedure,hardware,software,data and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrated characteristics of intelligence.It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Intelligence is basically the computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence occur in people, many animals and some machines.There is no solid definition of intelligence relating it to human intelligence. The problem is that it cannot yet be characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures can be called intelligent. We understand some of the mechanisms of intelligence and not others. Sometimes Artificial Intelligence is about simulating human intelligence but not always.On the one hand, we can learn something about how to make machines solve problems by observing other people or just by observing our own methods. On the other hand, most work in AI involves studying the problems the world presents to intelligence rather than studying people or animals. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
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...Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence is an advanced branch of science which enables digital computers to perform complex tasks that are usually associated with requiring human intelligence. These tasks can vary from game playing to robotics. The best way to describe A.I is by comparing it to a human brain, digital computers consist of a network of switches and computers make decisions by using on/off switches. The basic element of the brain, the neuron also uses two state operations. This means that the human thought process can be linked to transistors within a computer. One definition of Artificial intelligence is “The science of making machines do things that require intelligence if done by men” (Marvin Minskey). The important word in this definition is INTELLIGENCE as there can be different perceptions of intelligence such as the ability to learn and acquire knowledge or just plain common sense. Some other researchers believe that A.I is just the duplication of human thought without any intelligence. Artificial intelligence is different from normal programming by the way it solves a problem. A normal programming language such as BASIC must use a step by step method to solve a problem. This normally means that you will have to flow chart the solution then translate it into the BASIC programming language that carries out the solution. This step by step programming is called algorithmic programming. An algorithm is a well defined set of rules to solve a problem...
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...computers can’t replace people. But with artificial intelligence, computers could be trained to think like humans do. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. Artificial intelligence allows computers to learn from experience, recognize patterns in large amounts of complex data and make complex decisions based on human knowledge and reasoning skills. Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence (that is, are able to simulate human behavior). AI research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. In 1956, John McCarthy, who is thought to be the father of Artificial Intelligence, organized a conference where intellectuals gathered to learn of this phenomenon. This laid the foundation for the advancements in artificial intelligence today. Artificial intelligence has become an important field of study with a wide spread of applications in fields ranging from medicine to agriculture. The central problems of AI traits are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. The greatest advances have occurred in the field of games playing. Today artificial intelligence is used in our homes and in sophisticated establishments or businesses. There are many advantages and disadvantages of the use of artificial intelligence in business and in our day to day lives. ...
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...Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present and Future Alana Boggan INF 103 Sabahudin Tricic July 25, 2011 Abstract Technology, over time, has become more advanced. As technology has risen, so has man’s curiosity for advancement of what technology can do for mankind. In this exploration, artificial intelligence was created. In researching and exploring the past of artificial intelligence, mankind can make assumptions about the advances in the future. The past, with curiosity of humans, has lent itself to the artificial intelligence we have today and the endless possibilities for artificial intelligence in the future. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a constant part of life as technology advances. Webster defines artificial intelligence as “the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it” (Wikipedia, 2010). When assessing AI, one must look at the past and present. Acquiring knowledge about the past and present of AI, the future of this ever-changing field of science allows thoughts of endless possibilities and unimaginable devices of the future; therefore, by studying and researching the advancement of this field from its past to its present, predictions for this field can be made. Method I researched information on the past, present, and future for the field of Artificial Intelligence. In researching the past of the scientific and computer field of artificial intelligence...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE The computer revolution has everyday things out of the way letters are in our banks, governments, agencies and credit affects of our finances to the process of writing. The development of artificial intelligence is only a small percentage of the information revolution and how the company deals with, learn and contains artificial intelligence. It will be just the beginning of great influence and success of the computer revolution. A uniform artificial intelligence, or AI, definition is that the computer simply imitate the behavior of people who would be intelligent, if a person has done. But even within this definition, various problems and views on how to prevent the interpretation of the results of the AI programs, the scholars and critics. The most common and natural for AI research approach is for each program, what it can do, you ask? What are the actual results of human intelligence? For example, what counts is a chess program that is good. Is it possible that chess grandmaster has expired? There is also a more structured approach for the evaluation of artificial intelligence, began at the door of artificial intelligence to open contribution to the world of science approach. According to this theoretical approach, what matters are not the input-output relationships of the computer, but also what the program you may contact us using the genuine human knowledge (Ptack, 1994) call will tell. From this point of artificial intelligence, not only...
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...Artificial Intelligence The computer revolution has influenced everyday matters from the way letters are written to the methods in which our banks, governments, and credit card agencies keep track of our finances. The development of artificial intelligence is just a small percentage of the computer revolution and how society deals with, learns, and incorporates artificial intelligence. It will only be the beginning of the huge impact and achievements of the computer revolution. A standard definition of artificial intelligence, or AI, is that computers simply mimic behaviors of humans that would be regarded as intelligent if a human being did them. However, within this definition, several issues and views still conflict because of ways of interpreting the results of AI programs by scientists and critics. The most common and natural approach to AI research is to ask of any program, what can it do? What are the actual results in comparison to human intelligence? For example, what matters about a chess-playing program is how good it is. Can it possibly beat chess grand masters? There is also a more structured approach in assessing artificial intelligence, which began opening the door of the artificial intelligence contribution into the science world. According to this theoretical approach, what matters is not the input-output relations of the computer, but also what the program can tell us about actual human cognition (Ptack, 1994). From this point of view, artificial...
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...Artificial Intelligence Growing up, I watched and enjoyed movies such as Short Circuit, Space Camp, and the Terminator. There would be no doubt in my mind that we as humans would be able to create artificial intelligence. I figured it was a no brainer as a watched the robots on the big screen think and make decisions on their own without any human input. Later on, as an adult you begin to realize that movies are fiction and it would take a very intelligent human to create artificial life that could make its own decisions and function like a human. With the help of Hollywood, when we think of artificial intelligence, we tend to think of immense robots that walk, talk, appear human, and also make friends with people such as a human would do. We need to examine the meaning of the word artificial intelligence. All textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” Reading these definitions brings a greater understanding as to what artificial intelligence is and the fact remains that it has been around a lot longer than we think. I remember my mother buying a vacuum in 2002 called the iRobot. It would roam around the house without a handle or a remote control and vacuum the carpet. The iRobot would know when...
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...Artificial Intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science, is the study of intelligent systems (i.e. software, computers, robots, etc.). Alternatively, it may be defined as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines." AI research is highly technical and specialised, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focused on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible approaches, on the use of widely differing tools and towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals. Currently popular approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence and traditional symbolic AI. There are an enormous number of tools used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods...
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...Christopher Powell Artificial Intelligence AI is defined as the ability of a computer or machine to think for itself, and mimicking the thought processes a human might have only smarter. The idea that a computer has the ability to react more intelligently than a human being has fascinated us for several centuries. There are thoughts of robotic red blood cells to create a scientifically generated longer life span or the ability to conquer certain disease.[1] Although there have been major advancements in AI and technology in this century that we never dreamed possible, we have yet to prove that science and engineering have the ability to become smarter than the human brain. Evidence of A.I. is said to be traced back to ancient Egypt but the ability to create machine intelligence was not developed until 1941 with the first electronic computer in 1955, Newell and Simon developed The Logic Theorist.[2] The Logic Theorist was a program that demonstrated problems as a tree and would attempt to solve them by choosing the best possible solution, based on each branch of the tree. It was in 1956 when the term “Artificial Intelligence” was first coined at the Dartmouth conference, where the proposed 2 month, 10-man study of AI would be carried out. The conference, in which John McCarthy called upon the leading researchers to discuss topics which were such a new topic to the imagination, he coined a new phrase for it; Artificial Intelligence (McCarthy, J., Minsky...
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...Introduction to artificial Intelligence Intelligence: Definition 1. - Its ability to learn or understand or deal with new or trying situations. - Skilled use of reason. 2. It’s the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one’s environment or to think abstractly as measured by object criteria (as test) Views of intelligence 1. Autonomous movement – Movement of object; Eg Robot intelligently E.g vaucansor (18th Century), Shaker – 1970, Sony Aibo (1998) 2. Thinking – Ability to use brain. ▪ Eg Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov- 1997 ▪ Eg In Playing games 3. Playing Games A computer may be said to be intelligent if it beats the user. Types of Intelligence 1. Linguistic-Verbal intelligence- Ability to communicate effectively, use of in different forms, sensitive means. 2. Logical – Mathematical intelligence – Ability to carry out computations. 3. Musical 1 – Playing piano, singing, recognize non verbal. 4. Spatial – Ability to work with minimal information provided(scarce information) 5. Intrapersonal 1 – Able to understand your self, read others moods, emotions. 6. Interpersonal 1 – Ability to relate well with others. 7. Bodily kinesthetic Intelligence- body flexibility – acrobatics. NB: 1. The above types are referred to as multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardener. 2. People have different strength in each intelligence area. This demonstrates different talents, as people...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Paper Presentation On “Artificial Intelligence(AI)” INDEX :1. ABSTRACT. 1 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 2. INTRODUCTION. 3. HISTORY OF AI. 4. CATEGORIES OF AI. A. CONVENTIONAL AI. B. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (CI). 5. FIELDS OF AI. 6. AAAI. 7. APPLICATIONS. ABSTRACT This paper is the introduction to Artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence is exhibited by artificial entity, a system is generally assumed to be a computer. AI systems are now in routine use in economics, medicine, engineering and the military, as well as being built into many common home computer software applications, traditional strategy games like computer chess and other video games. We tried to explain the brief ideas of AI and its application to various fields. It cleared the concept of computational and conventional categories. It includes various advanced systems such as Neural Network, Fuzzy Systems and Evolutionary computation. AI is used in typical problems such as Pattern 2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE recognition, Natural language processing and more. This system is working throughout the world as an artificial brain. Intelligence involves mechanisms, and AI research has discovered how to make computers carry out some of them and not others. If doing a task requires only mechanisms that are well understood today, computer programs can give very impressive performances on these tasks. Such programs should...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Name INF 103: Computer Literacy Instructor: Bonita Spight-Williams April 13, 2013 Artificial Intelligence What does our future hold in the area of Artificial Intelligence? “The goal of many computer scientists since the mid–20th century has been to create a computer that could perform logical operations so well that it could actually learn and become sentient or conscious. The effort to achieve this is called artificial intelligence, or AI.” (Bowles, 2010). AI is a branch of computer science that deals with developing machines that solve complex problems in a more human-like manner. This involves computers adopting characteristics of human intelligence. However, it has many associations with other fields of study such as Math, Psychology, Biology, and Philosophy. Many scientists believe that by combining these various fields of study they will ultimately succeed in creating an artificially intelligent machine. A lot of scientists believe that the key to figuring out artificial intelligence is to copy the basic function of the human brain. While it is certainly evident that a computer can acquire knowledge from a program or programmer, it is the new developments in AI that will enable it to apply the knowledge. The new advancements in AI will hopefully enable these machines to not only possess the knowledge, but also understand how to utilize it in a number of situations. Artificial Intelligence researchers analyze human...
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...AND TECH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Biologically Inspired Intelligent Robots Using Artificial Muscles) PRESENTED BY: Praveen Kumar J Sai Krishna A B.Tech III/IV B.Tech III/IV j_pravee@yahoo.com adimula_saikrishna@yahoo.com Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Science which deals with helping machines finds solutions to complex problems in a more human-like fashion. This generally involves borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. A more or less flexible or efficient approach can be taken depending on the requirements established, which influences how artificial the intelligent behavior appears. Humans throughout history have always sought to mimic the appearance, mobility, functionality, intelligent operation, and thinking process of biological creatures. This field of biologically inspired technology, having the moniker biometrics, has evolved from making static copies of human and animals in the form of statues to the emergence of robots that operate with realistic appearance and behavior. This paper covers the current state-of-the-art and challenges to making biomimetic robots using artificial muscles. Keywords: EAP, artificial muscles, artificial intelligence, biometrics Introduction: ...
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...Artificial Intelligence Shadena Hobbs INF 103: Computer Literacy Instructor: Lawrence Master January 28, 2013 Is the Intelligence of machines and robots and the branch of computer science that aims to create if Al textbook defines the field as the study and design of intelligent agents. Where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives it’s environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. Al research is highly technical and specialized, deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural facts subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual searchers. Al researchers is also divided by several technical issues. There are subfields which are focused on the solution of specific problems, on one of several possible traits as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence and symbolic and traditional Al. There are enormous number of tools in Al, including versions of search and mathematical optimization...
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