Scene 1
PAGE 35

Duke Senior
The inclusiveness of his language and how there is a sense of equality among those who are part of the forest. “Now, my co-mates, and brothers in exile,”
- “Old customs” refers to the old values, such as loyalty
“Painted pomp” paint in the traditional sense is the actors paint, the artificiality of the court. Pomp is the ceremonial and ritual court life, and how the plosive ‘p’ sound implies the temporary, fleeting nature of this. It is a sound that dismisses it, as opposed to ‘old custom’ which is endured, sound wise. It may also suggest an element of contempt.
Senior compares forest and court and says that this is more sweet. Where Fredrick speaks imperatively quite frequently (tyranny), Senior speaks with a lot of rhetorical questions, seeking answers from his ‘co-mates’.
“...the penalty of Adam” alludes to the Garden of Eden and how Adam was exiled from the Garden, and Senior explains how they share this ‘penalty’ and they feel this penalty through the extreme weather here, “as the icy fang...” (reference to winter), metaphorical representation of winter by comparing it to a wolf and this emphasises that this is a ‘real’ place.
“I smile and say, ‘This is no flattery’. He feel the winter winds and he compares it to the language that was used with him in the court.
“these are counsellors...” that the cold teaches him to know himself, the hardship that they experience is what allows them to gain more knowledge of themselves. A metaphorical counsellor (very like Ovid, and his experiences with nature in An Imaginary Life)
“Sweet are the uses of adversity, which like the toad, ugly and venomous, wears yet a precious jewel in his head...”, a contrast to the world of the court and he alludes to the myth of the ugly toad and how the jewel is knowledge, as opposed to material wealth/items
“Tongues in trees” they speak to him with some sort of meaning
“Books in the running brooks” the streams that are running through the forest provide them with education, and how nature offers knowledge
“Sermons in stones” - intellectual lessons. And how all of these things above are found in the forest, “the good in everything”. In contrast to the plotting and deceiving in the social world of the court
-“and good in everything” contrasted to the social world of the court