...Parasitism- A guest who uses ones resources to live. An organism that lives on (infest) or in (infect) the host. An organism that nourishes itself at the expense of the host without destroying it as rapidly as predator does. An organism that inflicts some degree of damage to host. (+,-) Facultative parasite- Opportunistic. They are free living until they are placed in a situation conducive to becoming a parasite. EX: Amoeba Naegleria eats microbes but when opportunity comes infects humans. Obligatory parasite- Completely dependent on host for all or part of its life cycle. Two types: Permanent and Temporary. Permanent EX: tapeworms in the intestine. Temporary EX: mosquitoes, leeches and ticks. Endoparasite- lives within the host’s body (infection). Ectoparasite- lives attached to outside (infestation). Definitive host- in which parasite attains sexual maturity while inside. Intermediate host- temporary host necessary for completion of parasite life cycle. Transfer host- not necessary, can serve as temporary refugee. Vector-...
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...Agoo Technical & Vocational Education Training Center Sta. Barbara Agoo, La Union DISEASES (REPORT by GROUP 3) Submitted by: Michelle Manzano Alvin Viduya Jane Foronda Rhodora Gagaoin Arlene Heruela Jo-ann Eballar Marlon Catalan Submitted to: Mr. Jose Eric Rivera THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS What is Thromboangiitis Obliterans? * Also known as Buerger’s Disease * A rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. In buerger’s disease your blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked with blood clots. This eventually damages or destroy skin tissues and lead to infection usually first shows in the hands and feet and may eventually affect larger areas of your arms and legs SYMPTOMS * Pain in your lower legs or feet when walking * Pain in your hands or forearms * Blood clots * Ulcers on your toes and fingers * Raynaud’s syndrome, a narrowing of blood vessels in your hands and sometimes your toes TREATMENT * Stopping all smoking and other forms of tobacco use * Having surgery to bring blood to the affected tissues (people who have smoked for more than 20 years are more likely to need surgery COMPLICATIONS * Changes in the way you walk or move due to pain * Ulcers * Tissue damage or tissue death * Gangrene * Amputation ASTHMA What is Asthma? * Asthma existed in ancient egyptian times and there’s some evidence that asthma has been around even before that. The...
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...Animal Diversity Time Requirements: Exercise 1: 15 mins. Exercise 2: 15 mins. Exercise 3: 30 mins. Exercise 4: 10 mins. Exercise 5: 15 mins. Exercise 6: 20 mins. Exercise 7: 30 mins. Exercise 8: 10 mins. Exercise 9: 30 mins. Materials Required: ITEM NUMBER (per group) LOCATION Any living or preserved plant *specimens (listed below) Display Cart/Counter Microscopes (compound and dissecting) Display Counter Colored pencils 1 set Cart/Counter *Specimens: Preserved or Living Prepared Slides Grantia Grantia choanocytes Hydra Planaria Tapeworm Clam Termite Brittle star Crayfish Earthworm Frog Mammal skulls Sand dollar Sea cucmber Sea star Lab Safety: Wear safety goggles/glasses and gloves while handing specimens (it is preferred that specimens remain in the appropriate containers untouched). Lab coats or aprons may be available upon request. Demonstrations/Tutorials: To display each life cycle with specimens and slides, see the following display suggestions – Clean up and Disposal of Waste 1. Return any materials to original locations. 2. Try to preserve any living specimens for future labs. Lab Alternatives – Computer Based p. 113 Exercise 1 – Phylum Porifera – Sponges Given that all sponges are filter feeders, why does it follow that all sponges are aquatic? Filter feeding is the filtering of nutrients and plankton suspended in water therefore for sponges to feed effectively they must be aquatic ...
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...1. The sudden unexpected occurrence of a disease in a given population: a. Outbreak b. Zoonotic c. Endemic d. Sporadic 2. A causative agent of peptic ulcer a. Escherichia coli b. Bordetella pertusis c. Shigella dysenteriae d. Helicobacter pylori 3. The “four o’clock habit” promoted by the Department of health is designed to prevent the spread of: a. Dengue fever b. Tuberculosis c. Malnutrition d.malaria 4. The first drug available for HIV: a. ZDU b. RMP c. TMP d. CMC 5. An immediate hypersensitivity reaction following exposure of a sensitized individual to the appropriate antigen: a. Hay fever b. Anaphylaxis c. Asthma d. Desensitation 6. A thin proteinaceous appendage necessary for bacterial conjugation: a. Cilium b. Trichome c. Flagellum d. Pilus 7. The use of nitrite as preservative for food is discouraged because: a. It can discolour the meat b. It can react with amines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines c. It decomposed to nitric acid which can react with heme pigments d. It is not readily available 8. The disinfectant of choice for municipal water supply: a. Lysol b. Chlorine c. Ozone d. Reverse osmosis 9. An object that is able to harbour and transmit microorganisms: a. Mite b. Fomite c. Arthropod d. Vector 10. Administration of a toxoid cenfers: a. Naturally acquired active immunity b. Naturally acquired passive immunity c. Artificially acquired active immunity d. Artificially...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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...Bad Bug Book Handbook of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Introduction Food safety is a complex issue that has an impact on all segments of society, from the general public to government, industry, and academia. The second edition of the Bad Bug Book, published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness. The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference. Under the laws administered by FDA, a food is adulterated if it contains (1) a poisonous or otherwise harmful substance that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second...
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...Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Where There Is No Doctor 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Library of Congress has already cataloged the 10-digit ISBN as follows: Werner, David, 1934Where there is no doctor: a village health care handbook / by David Werner; with Carol Thuman and Jane Maxwell-Rev. ed. Includes Index. ISBN 0-942364-15-5 1. Medicine, Popular. 2. Rural health. I. Thuman, Carol, 1959-. II. Maxwell, Jane, 1941-. III Title. [DNLM: 1. Community Health Aides-handbooks. 2. Medicine-popular works. 3. Rural Health-handbooks. WA 39 W492W] RC81.W4813 1992 610-dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 92-1539 CIP Published by: Hesperian 1919 Addison St., #304 Berkeley, California 94704 • USA hesperian@hesperian.org • www.hesperian.org Copyright © 1977, 1992, 2010 by the Hesperian Foundation First English edition: October 1977 Revised English edition: May 1992 Eleventh printing: July 2010 ISBN: 978-0-942364-15-6 The original English version of this book was produced in 1977 as a revised translation of the Spanish edition, Donde no hay doctor. Hesperian encourages others to copy, reproduce, or adapt to meet local needs, any or all parts of this book, including the illustrations, provided the parts reproduced are distributed free or at cost—not for profit. Any organization or person who wishes to copy, reproduce, or adapt any or all parts of this book for commercial purposes, must first obtain permission to do so from Hesperian. Please contact Hesperian before...
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...Section A: Basic Microbiology 1 SCOPE AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY “Science contributes to our culture in many ways, as a creative intellectual activity in its own right, as a light which has served to illuminate man’s place in the uni-verse, and as the source of understanding of man’s own nature” —John F. Kennedy (1917–63) The President of America The bacterium Escherichia coli INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE MICROBIOLOGY is a specialized area of biology (Gr. bios-life+ logos-to study) that concerns with the study of microbes ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification. Microorganisms are microscopic (Gr. mikros-small+ scopein-to see) and independently living cells that, like humans, live in communities. Microorganisms include a large and diverse group of microscopic organisms that exist as single cell or cell clusters (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths) and the viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular. While bacteria and archaea are classed as prokaryotes (Gr. pro-before+ karyon-nucleus) the fungi, algae, protozoa and helminths are eukaryotes (Gr. eu-true or good+ karyon-nucleus). Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth, which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil,water and atmosphere. Microorganisms are relevant to all of our lives in a multitude of ways. Sometimes, the influence of microorganisms on human life is beneficial, whereas at other times, it is detrimental. For example...
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...------------------------------------------------- KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,KUMASI. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- SCHOOL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- BIRTHWEIGHT OF NEWBORNS IN RELATION TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN THE ATWIMA NWABIAGYA DISTRICT OF ASHANTI REGION OF GHANA. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ------------------------------------------------- KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI IN ------------------------------------------------- PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ------------------------------------------------- PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH) DEGREE IN POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative programmes in hospitals and dispensaries guidance for prescribing 2010 EDITION © Médecins Sans Frontières – January 2010 All rights reserved for all countries. No reproduction, translation and adaptation may be done without the prior permission of the Copyright owner. ISBN 2-906498-81-5 Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual Editorial Committee: I. Broek (MD), N. Harris (MD), M. Henkens (MD), H. Mekaoui (MD), P.P. Palma (MD), E. Szumilin (MD) and V. Grouzard (N, general editor) Contributors: P. Albajar (MD), S. Balkan (MD), P. Barel (MD), E. Baron (MD), M. Biot (MD), F. Boillot (S), L. Bonte (L), M.C. Bottineau (MD), M.E. Burny (N), M. Cereceda (MD), F. Charles (MD), M.J de Chazelles (MD), D. Chédorge (N), A.S. Coutin (MD), C. Danet (MD), B. Dehaye (S), K. Dilworth (MD), F. Fermon (N), B. Graz (MD), B. Guyard-Boileau (MD), G. Hanquet (MD), G. Harczi (N), M. van Herp (MD), C. Hook (MD), K. de Jong (P), S. Lagrange (MD), X. Lassalle (AA), D. Laureillard (MD), M. Lekkerkerker (MD), J. Maritoux (Ph), J. Menschik (MD), D. Mesia (MD), A. Minetti (MD), R. Murphy (MD), J. Pinel (Ph), J. Rigal (MD), M. de Smet (MD), S. Seyfert (MD), F. Varaine (MD), B. Vasset (MD) (S) Surgeon, (L) Laboratory technician, (MD) Medical Doctor, (N) Nurse, (AA) Anaesthetist-assistant, (Ph) Pharmacist, (P) Psychologist We would like to thank the following doctors for their invaluable help:...
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...INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual MAIN VERSION, Eighth Edition Update CAT VERSION, Ninth Edition Update FETAL PIG VERSION, Ninth Edition Update ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D Holyoke Community College SUSAN T. BAXLEY, M.A. Troy University, Montgomery Campus NANCY G. KINCAID, Ph.D Troy University, Montgomery Campus PhysioEx™ Exercises authored by Peter Z. Zao, North Idaho College Timothy Stabler, Indiana University Northwest Lori Smith, American River College Greta Peterson, Middlesex Community College Andrew Lokuta, University of Wisconsin—Madison San Francisco • Boston • New York Cape Town • Hong Kong • London • Madrid • Mexico City Montreal • Munich • Paris • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means...
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