...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Issues The meaning of Open Sky in the ASEAN must be determined. For the purposes of this Report, it is taken to refer to a situation of extensive liberalisation within the ASEAN region. It concentrates on the international links between members of ASEAN, and is not so concerned with domestic cabotage. The report does not focus on beyond rights, or on 5th freedom operations of non-ASEAN airlines within the region, though it recognises that these can have an impact on Open Sky arrangements. The rationale for Open Sky is taken to be to promote competition in the airline industry, and to give all airlines from ASEAN the scope to compete on intra ASEAN routes. Open Sky will also give airlines extra flexibility over their route development. Issues which need to be considered include: How well Open Sky will work in ASEAN? Will markets be competitive enough? Will there be shifts in hub location? Will anti competitive strategies affect operation? And will there be instability in the industry? 2. Experience of Open Skies Elsewhere There are many Open Skies bilateral agreements, and a few regional agreements. Few regional Open Skies agreements have led to substantial liberalisation or integration. The exception is Europe - Open Skies in Europe has meant the formation of a single aviation market. Significantly, this arrangement did not come about as a result of countries negotiating an open skies agreement - rather it was imposed on them by a central...
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...The ASEAN influential adopted the ASEAN economic blueprint at the 13 th ASEAN summit on 20 November 2007 in Singapore to serve as a coherent master plan guiding the establishment of the ASEAN economic community would it affect the locally operating entities? Basically, they can cope up simply because Philippines is one of the most significant exporters of modern services in sectors such as professional and information services they can cope up due to their contacts and the clients. The companies or entities can cope up to the competition by means of doing trades and investments. ASEAN economy began to rise again after they fall from 4.9-5.6 percent in 2010. The ASEAN faces an economic crisis in 1997/1998. The challenge is to sustain the economic recovery. They implement the proper monetary and fiscal policies. (ASEAN Economic Community Handbook, 2012) In a speech delivered at the Nikkei Asian review forum Friday, Purisima underscored the need for the association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to invest heavily on infrastructure to maintain its current economic growth trajectory. “From roads and power sources to social infrastructure like health and education, the right investments will enable our young and populous region to take the driver’s seat towards robust global economic growth,” Purisima said.(PhilippineStar) Budget Secretary Florencio Abad noted in this year’s national budget, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) received the second largest allocation...
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...Executive Summary One of recently formed regional groups was the ASEAN (Association of SouthEast Asian Nations) that comprises of 10 nations together. Together they are performing an important part in the global economy. With their increasing growth and continued togetherness the ASEAN’s presence is being recognized on the world map. East Asia is proving to be one of the world’s highly dynamic and fastest growing regions. These export driven economies are vast and hence required to develop an understanding of their model of business operation. My report gives information on the history on formation and emphasizes on the trading and integration between these ten economies that are members that forms the ASEAN to bring about a common platform in terms of fields like trading, manufacturing, finance and so on. The purpose of the report is to evaluate ASEAN’s formation and to view the possible favorable and unfavorable conditions. The different factors, the benefits of the integration and its limitations are described in the report below. With respect to my findings and details in the report through different sources on the internet, I feel that the formation ASEAN has benefited these countries and in turn helped them to make their mark in the global market place that is day by day becoming cost oriented. Introduction A regional integration is a method where in different states put into place an agreement to help develop cooperation through regional rules and institutions. The...
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...ABSTRACT The ASEAN regional integration visualizes the conversion of economies in Southeast Asia into a unified market and manufacturing base by promoting the unobstructed flow of goods and services. It signifies better chances of more market entries, lesser input costs, lower discharge expenditures, greater inflows of foreign investments, and wider options for quality commodities and services at reasonable prices. This research examines issues as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs of trade liberalization, its impacts on national economic growth, and the Philippines’ preparedness to overcome the impediments posed by the integration. Overall, the outcomes of the interviews show that the Philippines is not yet fully adapted to aligning domestic benchmarks with international standards although it has accomplished vital progress in certain sectors. The study also reveals that member affiliates and the Philippine economy can reap the benefits of the liberalization so long as they prevail upon their commitments to forge ahead with achieving the goals of the ASEAN Economic Community. Elimination of cross-border taxes, compliance with harmonized regulatory policies, and leaders’ steadfastness to attain the goals of the integration are the key factors for the success of the liberalization. Since the research deals more on the qualitative aspects, the authors recommend more statistical data gathering and in-depth quantitative analysis to obtain a more accurate gauge of the overall...
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...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...
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...Topic: ASEAN’s Role in Regional Economic Integration 1. Background and general information of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) On 8 August 1967, in Bangkok, five governments in Southeast Asia established a political and economic organization, namely the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with preliminary concerns about Communist intrusion among the region. The founding members comprise of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN, later, aimed to increase the economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region, and promoting regional peace and stability under the motto “One Vision, One Identity, One Community.” ASEAN was opened for participation by all states in the Southeast Asian region sharing the same aims, principals and purposes. Therefore, Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. ASEAN, recently, consists of 10 member states, is seen as a successful model for developing countries that promote peace, stability and integration. ASEAN covers a land area of 4.46 million square kilometers, which is 3% of the total land area of Earth, and has a population approximately 600 million people, which is 8.8% of the world’s population. The sea area of ASEAN is about three times larger than its land counterpart. In 2011, ASEAN combined nominal GDP had growth to US$ 2.07 trillion, with the average per capital...
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...The future of tourism in ASEAN Introduction With the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War, there was no longer a pressing need for ASEAN countries to fear their Communist neighbours such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. These countries had started to abandon central planning and implement market-oriented economic reforms from the early 80s, changes which had significant implications for trade and investment opportunities and indicated the need for enlargement of the ASEAN regional grouping in order to maintain its relevance (Wong, Mistilis & Dwyer, 2011a). The momentum to expand ASEAN was further accelerated by the need to strengthen the region’s voice in international trading bodies such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, the World Trade Organization, and in negotiations with the European Union (Tan, 2003). Between 1995 and 1997, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) joined ASEAN. They are sometimes referred to as newer members with less-developed economies. With the ASEAN Concord II in late 2003, Southeast Asia charted an ambitious path toward creating a community (AC) founded on economic, security and socio-cultural pillars. In contrast to the EU on which the agreement is loosely based, have rested on open dialogue and concensus processes that have allowed politically and economic diverse nations to cooperate at the regional level. The progress of on ASEAN Concord II will rest on strong regional diplomacy and management...
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...ASEAN ECONOMIC INTERGRATION IN 2015 AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE PHILIPPINES Elah Czarina C. Andal, CPA IR 204 INTRODUCTION A little over a year ago, the author attended a forum entitled “The Road to ASEAN Economic Community: Maximizing Opportunities and Facing Challenges.” The introduction in the forum’s invite included the following: “The 10 ASEAN member nations are moving towards integration, with the goal of forming an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015. Designed to boost regional resilience, the AEC will create a single market and production base characterized by the free flow of goods, services, investments, capital and skilled labor.”1 With much optimism, the author takes note of a promise of greater opportunities for Filipinos as a result of the 2015 ASEAN economic integration and eventual formation of AEC. Further with excitement, the question as to whether this integration comes with the promise of lower unemployment rate in the Philippines beginning 2015 was posted. BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Several studies have been made and many articles have been written regarding the ASEAN economic integration as well as the AEC. This would include those which explain what will happen in 2015 when the integration takes place, those which challenge the readiness of the Philippines for the free trade economy or the preparation for it, or those which presents its impact to the country (both on the perspective of opportunities and challenges). This paper focuses...
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...Asean 2015 SO soon! Indeed time flies at lightning speed and here staring at us is Asean 2015! And what’s in it for us in academe? But first, a very brief overview of Asean. We are one of ten countries wishing to band together as a single market. We expect that by end of December this year Asean will have measures mostly in place which are designed, like the European Union, to reduce trade barriers and consequently attract more investments. We expect to have free flow of goods, services, investment and skilled labor among “us” – us, meaning the ten member countries of Southeast Asia with the 617 million people (2011 estimate) inhabiting Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. In the future, two other countries could be incoming members of Asean: Papua New Guinea (on candidate status since 1976) and Timor-Leste (on observer status since 2002). These two countries have a combined population of 7,300,000 (2011 estimate). Unlike the EU, Asean will likely not have a common currency and neither the same nor a similar governing structure. About education, four priorities in this area have been laid down by the Asean Education Ministers. These are first, promoting Asean awareness among Asean citizens, particularly the youth; second, strengthening Asean identity through education; third, building Asean human resources in the educational field; and fourth, strengthening the Asean University Network. Committees on these...
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...Regional Perspectives on ASEAN - the United States Enhanced Partnership By Endra Introduction The signing of the ASEAN declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand marked the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the regional organization, the top priority of ASEAN is to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region. Later on other countries in the region also joined this organization as follows; Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar (Burma) in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. The ten-member organization is enhancing partnership, not only nations in the region, but also outside the region, especially with the United States (US). The relationship between ASEAN and the US has entered its fourth decade of partnership. Since the first engagement in 1977, both sides have experienced the ups and down of partnership. This relationship will become more significant as it broadens the sectors of partnership in the future. Initially, starting with economic and development cooperation, the enhanced relationships, with cooperation on politic, regional security, counter terrorism and transnational crimes, has achieved a new era of “comprehensive partnership.” For the next decade, regional development in Asia Pacific will require the partnership to become more comprehensive. Several key issues in the region...
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...2015 is an expected year for Vietnamese people and for ASEAN community in general as The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is founded in this year. AEC shall promote the ties of ASEAN members and also expand the route to globalization of many developing countries. Besides the immense advantages AEC offers, there are undeniably threats and issues that face ASEAN members, Vietnam is not the exception. Many researchers concern AEC may have substantial consequences on Vietnam economy, especially employment Of all the key characteristics AEC visualizes, Vietnamese economic researchers emphasize the most on the integration from region to global economy, which means free labor trade among ASEAN members. This feature at first may seem to satisfy an amount of workers preferring a chance to work overseas, but the threats it offers should be seriously considered. The International Labor Organization announced productivity of Vietnam is among the lowest in the region. They demonstrate the result with valid statistics: Singaporean productivity is approximately eighteen times and Thailand productivity is three times higher than Vietnamese. This appalling outcome has proved the concerns are reasonable, and that Vietnamese people probably can’t utilize this chance to develop the labor. The fact that AEC takes place means there are more jobs offered by foreign companies. But if Vietnamese people can’t meet the standard qualifications those firms demand, it is obviously that high positions with...
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...emergence of new industries, and the structure of the economy (2) to take into account the new technologies employed which affect the organization of production and shifting of economic activities and (3) to realign with the ISIC revisions for purposes of international comparability. The PSIC serves as a guide in the classification of establishments according to their economic activity useful for economic analysis. * It serves as a framework for data collection, processing and compilation to ensure uniformity and comparability of industrial statistics produced by various entities in both government and private sectors, including those involved in statistics and research activities. * It provides an effective mechanism for the integration of large numbers of statistics being collected for decision-making and policy formulation. * It serves as a basis in the construction of input-output (I-O) table. * It provides a basis for anticipating the emergence of new industries The 2009 PSIC provides a Summary of Classification Scheme which presents a list of sections, divisions and their corresponding number of groups, classes and sub-classes, and a Detailed Classification presenting hierarchy of categories of industries such as: * 21 sections (one-digit alphabetical codes) * 88 divisions (2-digit codes) * 245 groups (3-digit codes) * 520...
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...Association of Southeast Asian Nations The Secretariat of ASEAN at Jalan Sisingamangaraja No.70A, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[4] commonly abbreviated ASEAN ( /ˈɑːsi.ɑːn/ ah-see-ahn,[5] rarely /ˈɑːzi.ɑːn/ ah-zee-ahn),[6][7] is a geo-political and economic organization of ten countries located in Southeast Asia, which was formed on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.[8] Since then, membership has expanded to include Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Its aims include the acceleration of economic growth, social progress, cultural development among its members, the protection of regional peace and stability, and to provide opportunities for member countries to discuss differences peacefully.[9] ASEAN covers a land area of 4.46 million km², 3% of the total land area of Earth, with a population of approximately 600 million people, 8.8% of the world population. The sea area of ASEAN is about three times larger than its land counterpart. In 2010, its combined nominal GDP had grown to US$1.8 trillion.[10] If ASEAN were a single entity, it would rank as the ninth largest economy in the world. History ASEAN was preceded by an organisation called the Association of Southeast Asia, commonly called ASA, an alliance consisting of the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand that was formed in 1961. The bloc itself, however, was established on 8 August 1967, when foreign ministers of five...
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...China-ASEAN Economic Relations: Development And Future Challenge. Abstract: In recent 15 years, The development of China-ASEAN trade and economic relations has of great significance, not only for both sides but also for the whole East-Asia region. This paper to discuss the latter that is regional implications of 15 years’ development of China-ASEAN trade and economic relations and find the problem and challenge in China-ASEAN trade relations, as well as provide some further consideration for both sides’ trade and economic relations. Introduction Since the economic reforms and open-door policy of1978-79, China's economy has been growing rapidly and more particularly since 1990 when growth has averaged 10% a year. China's external trade has been growing at an even faster rate of 15% a year since 1990, and it has also annually drawing from the lessons of the financial contagion of 1997. Economic links between ASEAN and China through trade, investments and tourism have prospered throughout the 1990s. Perhaps, equally important, China's maintenance of the value of the renminbi (RMB) during the economic crisis of 1997, served as a regional anchor preventing what could possibly have been successive rounds of competitive devaluations. This clearly prevented the crisis from becoming more acute for ASEAN countries and yet this put China’s own exports at risk, as much cheaper goods from the crisis-plagued region competed with Chinese goods. Another important milestone that contributed...
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...ONE IDENTITY ONE COMMUNITY ASEAN VISION 2015 (An excerpt from the ASEAN Economic Blueprint) Office of the Deputy Director General for Sectoral TVET Planning Office TESDA Complex, East Service Road, South Superhighway Taguig City, Metro Manila Tel. No. (02) 888 5652; 817 2675; 893 1966 www.tesda.gov.ph CODE: ST-PO 05-12-2012 ASEAN Vision 2015 I. ASEAN Economic Community The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) shall be the goal of regional economic integration by 2015. AEC envisages the following key characteristics: (a) a single market and production base, (b) a highly competitive economic region, (c) a region of equitable economic development, and (d) a region fully integrated into the global economy. The AEC areas of cooperation include: a. human resources development and capacity building; b. recognition of professional qualifications; c. closer consultation on macroeconomic and financial policies; d. trade financing measures; enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity; e. development of electronic transactions through e-ASEAN; f. integrating industries across the region to promote regional sourcing; g. enhancing private sector involvement for the building of the AEC. In short, the AEC will transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labour, and freer flow of capital. II. Declaration on the ASEAN Economic Blueprint The ASEAN Leaders adopted the ASEAN Economic Blueprint at the 13th ASEAN Summit on 20 November 2007...
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