base -s form past past participle -ing form notes call calls called called calling clean cleans cleaned cleaned cleaning look looks looked looked looking 1 talk talks talked talked talking 1 end ends ended ended ending 2 wait waits waited waited waiting 2 kiss kisses kissed kissed kissing 3 wash washes washed washed washing 3 live lives lived lived living 4 love loves loved loved loving 4 beg begs begged begged begging 5 sin sins sinned sinned sinning 5 play plays played played playing stay stays stayed stayed staying cry cries cried cried crying 6 studies studied studied studying 6 die dies died died dying tie ties tied tied tying
Notes:
1. Pronunciation differences in past/past participle after /p, s, k, f/ sounds
2. Pronunciation differences in past/past participle after /t, d/ sounds
3. Spelling and pronunciation differences in -s form after /s, sh, ch, z/ sounds
4. Dropping of "silent e" with -ing endings
5. Doubled consonants after "short" vowel sounds
6. Spelling differences when "y" is preceded by a consonant
Irregular Verbs base -s form past past participle -ing form cut cuts cut cut cutting fit fits fit fit fitting hit hits hit hit hitting let lets let let letting put puts put put putting quit quits quit quit quitting set sets set set setting shut shuts shut shut shutting split splits split split splitting upset upsets upset upset upsetting burst bursts burst burst bursting cast casts cast cast casting cost costs cost cost costing* hurt hurts hurt hurt hurting spread spreads spread spread spreading knit knits knit/knitted knit/knitted knitting sit sits sat sat sitting spit spits spat/spit spat/spit spitting begin begins began begun beginning swim swims swam swum swimming ring rings rang rung ringing sing sings sang sung singing spring springs sprang sprung springing cling clings clung clung clinging fling flings flung flung flinging sling slings slung slung slinging sting stings stung stung stinging swing swings swung swung swinging wring wrings wrung wrung wringing hang hangs hung/hanged** hung/hanged hanging drink drinks drank drunk sinking shrink shrinks shrank shrunk shrinking stink stinks stank stunk stinking think thinks thought thought thinking bring brings brought brought bringing buy buys bought bought buying seek seeks sought sought seeking fight fights fought fought fighting catch catches caught caught catching teach teaches taught taught teaching creep creeps crept crept creeping keep keeps kept kept keeping sleep sleeps slept slept sleeping sweep sweeps swept swept sweeping weep weeps wept wept weeping bleed bleeds bled bled bleeding breed breeds bred bred breeding feed feeds fed fed feeding flee flees fled fled fleeing lead leads led led leading speed speeds sped/speeded sped/speeded speeding meet meets met met meeting bend bends bent bent bending lend lends lent lent lending send sends sent sent sending spend spends spent spent spending deal deals dealt dealt dealing feel feels felt felt feeling kneel kneels knelt knelt kneeling dream dreams dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed dreaming mean means meant meant meaning spill spills spilt/spilled spilt/spilled spilling build builds built built building burn burns burnt/burned burnt/burned burning hold holds held held holding sell sells sold sold selling tell tells told told telling find finds found found finding grind grinds ground ground grinding wind winds wound wound winding break breaks broke broken breaking choose chooses chose chosen choosing freeze freezes froze frozen freezing speak speaks spoke spoken speaking steal steals stole stolen stealing wake wakes woke woken waking weave weaves wove woven weaving arise arises arose arisen arising drive drives drove driven driving ride rides rode ridden riding rise rises rose risen rising write writes wrote written writing