...different ways. Parsons describes the division of labour in the traditional nuclear family in terms of an expressive role and an instrumental role. However, this traditional arrangement may have changed as families have changed, and many feminists use the term ‘dual burden’ to describe the woman’s role in the family today. Item 2B Government policies and laws include tax and benefit policies as well as legislation such as relating to divorce and marriage. Sociologists have different views on the impact of these policies and laws on families. For example, feminists argue that social policies assume that the ideal family is a patriarchal nuclear family, and that government policies and laws therefore favour this sort of family. On the other hand, the New Right argue that the benefit system undermines traditional nuclear families by actively encouraging lone parents. 0 6 Explain what is meant by the ‘dual burden’ (Item 2A). (2 marks) 0 7 Explain the difference between the expressive role and the instrumental role (Item 2A). (4 marks) 0 8 Suggest three ways in which the differences between children and adults are becoming less clear in society today. (6 marks) 0 9 Examine the reasons for, and the effects of, changes in family size over the past 100 years or so. (24 marks) 1 0 Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess sociological views of the impact of government policies and laws on family life. Item 2A Over the past 40 years or so, there has been a decline in the...
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...'neo-conventional family' (2 marks) Chester describes the neo-conventional family as a dual-earner family, in which both souses go to work. It is similar to Young and Willmott's idea of the symmetrical family. b) Explain the difference between 'expressive' and 'instrumental' roles. (4 marks) Expressive - 'homemaker', usually the female's role as it is more caring and nurturing and stating that they should stay at home and be a housewife and not go to work. Instrumental – 'breadwinner', usually the male's role as it is more physical and states that men should go to work and earn money for their family in order to provide for them. c) Identify three of the types of family diversity described by the Rapoports. (6 marks)Organisational – difference in how roles within the family are organised and shared between husbands' and wives'. (e.g. joint or segregated conjugal roles)Cultural - differences in family structures between different cultures, religions and ethnic groups. (e.g. female headed households in African-Caribbean). Generational – different generations have different attitudes and experiences that reflect the historical periods in which they have lived. (e.g. morality of cohabitation or divorce) Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of the nature and extent of family diversity today. Family diversity refers to any family type that is not nuclear, such as single parent families and gay couples. Family diversity is becoming...
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...SCLY1 (Old Specification) Past Exam Questions Although June 2016 will be a new specification and exam structure much of the material you have learnt in families and households applies to the new exam. Below are examples of questions taken from the old exam papers that you should practice writing plans for as they are still relevant. However there are a few key differences: * The question you will answer will be worth 20 marks not 24 marks. * You will have 30 minutes to write a 20 mark answer. * The essays will consist 4 paragraphs and a conclusion containing new information. How to use this document: * Use the extract from the mark scheme and examiners’ advice to create essay plans of the questions. * You may not have heard of all of the concepts in the mark scheme but there should be at least some that are familiar to you. * The examiner’s advice usually outlines bad, moderate and good answers to the question so pick out the ways in which you can achieve top band and incorporate this into your plan. June 2015 Examine the impact of government policies and laws on family life. [24 marks] From the mark scheme: Concepts and issues such as the following may appear: patriarchy; familism; surveillance; ideological control; gender regimes; marital breakdown; family structure; family diversity; welfare dependency; underclass; reserve army of labour Policies/laws on abortion; divorce; contraception; reproductive technology; marriage; adoption; pensions; benefits; taxes;...
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...Using material from Item A and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of the nature and extent of family diversity today (24 marks) On Most Advertisements, the nuclear family is represented as the ideal family . The Nuclear family is a family which entails of a Mother a Father and two children which is portrayed in various different ways to be the most suitable family structure. The idea of the Nuclear Family being the ideal family was studied and expressed in 1967 by Edmund Leach. However the question in which must be taken into consideration is that is the nuclear family still considered a norm in the society of today despite the fact that family diversity is on the rise. From the perspective of Rapoport and Fogarty, they believe that nuclear families are not the norm anymore for the reason that family diversity has increased and will most likely continue to increase. There were five particular categories of family diversity which were recognised in Britain. One form is organisational diversity which is when division of labour is established within the family and the contrasts in the way differences in the ways family roles are organised. Diversity can be perceived in many ways for instance Cultural diversity which is the religious and ethnic effects. Social class diversity- there are differences between working and middle classes in terms of adult relationships, the socialisation of children etc. Life course diversity, as different stages in the life cycle will...
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...NRS 429V Family Centered Health Promotion September 29, 2013 Cultural Competency in Nursing Care As the United States becomes more and more culturally diverse one cannot help but be exposed to various cultures and worldviews. America has long been called the melting pot, and that term has never been truer than it is today. According to Green and Reinckens (2013) the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that by the year 2041 the U.S. population will be a majority minority. In other words, less than half of the population will be non-Hispanic, single race Caucasian. This growing diversity makes cultural competence in healthcare a necessary requirement for effective communication and delivery of patient centered care. In fact, cultural competency is so necessary that The Joint Commission has produced a number of items addressing this issue, and states that organizations and their personnel must do the following in order to provide culturally competent care: (1) value diversity; (2) assess themselves; (3) manage the dynamics of difference; (4) acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge; and (5) adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of individuals and communities served. (The Joint Commission, 2010) This paper will explore the value of understanding one’s own heritage when evaluating the needs of others. Comparison will also be made between health traditions of three families of differing cultural backgrounds, comparing how these cultures affect the family’s views of health...
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... Families and Households This Answers book provides some possible answers that might be given for the questions asked in the workbook. They are not exhaustive and other answers may well be acceptable, but they are intended as a guide to give teachers and students feedback. The responses for the longer essay-style questions are intended to give some idea about how the exam questions might be answered. Again, these are not the only ways to answer such questions but they can be treated as one way of approaching questions of these types. Topic 1 Functionalist and New Right views of the family How have functionalist and New Right thinkers explained family life and the relationship between families and social change? 1 The organic analogy refers to the extended comparison made by functionalists between the human or other living body and society, with the organs of the body equivalent to institutions and structures in society. 2 Primary socialisation refers to the first and most important stage of the socialisation process by which young children absorb the norms and values of their culture, mainly from their parents. Note: make sure your answer explains both ‘primary’ and ‘socialisation’. 3 One way in which the nuclear family is more suited than other types of family to modern industrial society is that it allows for geographical mobility; it is easier to move a nuclear family to a new area for, say, a new job than to move an extended family. A second...
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...sects, denominations, churches and New Age movements, and their relationship to religious and spiritual belief and practice * Typologies of religious organisations: churches, denominations, sects and cults, with examples of each New Religious Movements and typologies of NRMs eg world rejecting/accommodating/affirming; millenarian beliefs, with examples of each * New Age movements and spirituality, with examples * The relationship of these organisations to religious and spiritual belief and practice. The relationship between different social groups and religious/spiritual organisations and movements, beliefs and practices * Reasons why people join NRMs, NAMs and other organisations * Gender and religion: women: women’s greater participation, women in religious organisations including NRMs; men’s participation and organisational roles in religions; sexuality and religion; images of gender in religions * Ethnicity and religion: religion and ethnic identity; religion in migrant...
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...partners carefully to get a better marriage in the future. “More than two-thirds of married couples in the US say that they lived together before getting married” (Jayson, 2005, Cohabitation is Replacing Dating, para. 2). In opposite, the feudal reflection, which affects Easterners culture and makes contrary between cohabitation and culture. Therefore, cohabitation is not common in Eastern countries. Nowadays, society is more and more developing and modern. In pace with that trend, cohabitation lifestyle of Western has entered and influenced on the Eastern thought, so cohabitation becomes more acceptable in Eastern. Especially in Vietnam, the rate of which Vietnamese adults want to cohabit is high in both male and female. According to the survey of Nhu Lan, the journalist of Vnexpress, there is 70.29% of male and 61.1% of female want to cohabit. In Vietnam, people often misunderstand about the meaning of cohabitation. They perceive cohabitation as a trial marriage and this word trial makes them view it in negative way. According to the dictionary by Collins, “Cohabitation is the state or condition of living together as husband and wife...
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...denominations, churches and New Age movements, and their relationship to religious and spiritual belief and practice * Typologies of religious organisations: churches, denominations, sects and cults, with examples of each New Religious Movements and typologies of NRMs eg world rejecting/accommodating/affirming; millenarian beliefs, with examples of each * New Age movements and spirituality, with examples * The relationship of these organisations to religious and spiritual belief and practice. The relationship between different social groups and religious/spiritual organisations and movements, beliefs and practices * Reasons why people join NRMs, NAMs and other organisations * Gender and religion: women: women’s greater participation, women in religious organisations including NRMs; men’s participation and organisational roles in religions; sexuality and religion; images of gender in religions * Ethnicity and religion: religion and ethnic...
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...Politechnika Białostocka Cultural Diversity in Organisational Theory and Practice 1. Introduction Increasing globalization requires more interaction among people from diverse cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. People no longer live and work in an insular marketplace; they are now part of a worldwide economy with competition coming from nearly every continent. For this reason, organizations need diversity to become more creative and open to change. Therefore maximizing and capitalizing on workplace diversity has become an important issue for management today. Since managing diversity remains a significant organizational challenge, managers must learn the managerial skills needed in a multicultural work environment. Supervisors and managers must be prepared to teach themselves and others within their organizations to value multicultural differences in both associates and customers so that everyone is treated with dignity. Diversity issues are now considered important and are projected to become even more important in the future due to increasing differences in the population of many countries. Companies need to focus on diversity and look for ways to become totally inclusive organizations because diversity has the potential of yielding greater productivity and competitive advantages. Managing and valuing diversity is a key component of effective people management, which can improve workplace productivity. Unmanaged diversity in the workplace might become an obstacle...
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...BAM 306 Principles of Marketing Final Examination Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bam-306-principles-of-marketing-final-examination/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com 1. All of the following are accurate descriptions of modern marketing EXCEPT which one? 2. Marketing is the creation of value for customers. 3. Marketing is used by for-profit and not-for-profit organizations. 4. Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. 5. Marketing involves satisfying customers’ needs. 6. Selling and advertising are synonymous with marketing. 2. Consumer research, product development, communication, distribution, pricing and service are all core ________ activities. 1. management 2. exchange 3. production 4. customer relationship management 5. marketing 3. Which marketing orientation calls for aggressive promotional efforts and focuses on generating transactions to obtain profitable sales? 1. Product concept 2. Selling concept 3. Marketing concept 4. Production concept 5. Societal marketing concept 4. Which of the following reflects the marketing concept philosophy? 5. “We build them so you can buy them.” 6. “You won’t find a better deal anywhere.” 7. “We don’t have a marketing department; we have a customer department.” 8. “We’re in the business of making and selling superior products...
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...BAM 306 Principles of Marketing Final Examination Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/bam-306-principles-of-marketing-final-examination/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com 1. All of the following are accurate descriptions of modern marketing EXCEPT which one? 2. Marketing is the creation of value for customers. 3. Marketing is used by for-profit and not-for-profit organizations. 4. Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. 5. Marketing involves satisfying customers’ needs. 6. Selling and advertising are synonymous with marketing. 2. Consumer research, product development, communication, distribution, pricing and service are all core ________ activities. 1. management 2. exchange 3. production 4. customer relationship management 5. marketing 3. Which marketing orientation calls for aggressive promotional efforts and focuses on generating transactions to obtain profitable sales? 1. Product concept 2. Selling concept 3. Marketing concept 4. Production concept 5. Societal marketing concept 4. Which of the following reflects the marketing concept philosophy? 5. “We build them so you can buy them.” 6. “You won’t find a better deal anywhere.” 7. “We don’t have a marketing department; we have a customer department.” 8. “We’re in the business of making and selling superior products...
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...CHAPTER 1 136) What should sellers consider if they wish to avoid marketing myopia? Answer: Sellers should consider the particular benefits and experiences desired by their customers, and not just pay attention to the specific products they offer. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6 AACSB: Analytic Skills Skill: Application Objective: 1-2 137) You are a manufacturer of tents, sleeping bags, and outdoor cooking equipment. How might you go about creating brand experiences for your customers? Answer: Such manufacturers should focus on the benefits enjoyed through the use of their products-access to the great outdoors, shared family experiences, and relived memories of the consumer’s youth. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7 AACSB: Analytic Skills Skill: Application Objective: 1-2 138) Think about suppliers and other marketing partners. A modern marketing system relies on profitable relationships all along the way. How might Wal-Mart rely on their marketing partners in order to offer low prices? Answer: Wal-Mart must rely on suppliers that will provide merchandise at low costs, a low-cost and efficient distribution system, an accurate and efficient customer relationship database system, and a strong partnership with each of the members of its supply chain. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 8 AACSB: Analytic Skills Skill: Application Objective: 1-2 139) When demand for the latest talking Elmo was at its highest, it was suggested that manufacturers purposefully maintain strong demand by limiting...
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...Concepts • Career is a series of job posisitions that people have held during their work life. Many people look back on their careers, knowing that what they might have achieved they did achieve, and that their careers, their lives and their potential went unfulfilled. • Career management is a process that enables employees to understand and develop their career skills and interest, and to use them effectively. For the time being, career management can be briefly described as ongoing process in which an individual - Gathers relevant information about himself or herself and the world of work - Develops an accurate picture of his or her talents ,interest, values, preferred lifestyle as well as alternative occupations ,jobs, and organizations - Develop realistic career goals based on this information - Develops and implements a strategy designed to achieve the goals - Obtains feedback on the effectiveness of the strategy and the relevance of the goals Moreover, individuals will need to develop a set of career competencies that enable them to develop insight into themselves and their environment so they can navigate their increasingly unpredictable and “chaotic” careers. The specific steps in the career management process and the qualities necessary to carry them out. • Career planning is the deliberate process through which someone...
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...Effects of Socioeconomic Influences of Health LO1 ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 1 • The notes contained in this PowerPoint presentation will cover LO1 (1.1;1.2;1.3) • Please print notes prior to attending lectures ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 2 1 08/10/2014 Learning Outcomes (LO) On successful completion of this lecture a learner will: LO1: Understand the socio-economic influences on health 1.1 explain the effects of socio-economic influences on health. 1.2 assess the relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health. 1.3 discuss reasons for barriers to accessing healthcare. ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 3 Unit Content (LO1) Influences: social e.g. disposable income, unemployment, lifestyle choices, environment, access to healthcare facilities, access to information, citizenship status, discrimination. Sources of information: reports and enquiries e.g. Black Report DHSS 1980, Acheson Report ‘Independent Inquiry in ‘Inequalities in Health’ 1998, Health and Lifestyle Surveys (HALS), Health Survey for England (HSFE), census data ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 4 2 08/10/2014 Definitions (Class participation Review) • What is health promotion? • What is public health? • What do we mean by determinant of health? • What do we mean by environmental factors? ICON COLLEGE (LO1) = TASK 1 5 The main determinants of health Dahlgren and Whitehead's model, 1992 Figure 1: adapted from Dahlgren and Whitehead ICON COLLEGE (LO1)...
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