...level of unemployment nationally. The materials in the book are contributed by scholars from different intellectual backgrounds to produce a rich and highly stimulating compilation. The book gives a vivid background of the history of entrepreneurship from the rudimentary to the modern age. It provides ideas on principles and skills involved in sustaining entrepreneurship, potentials of businesses and entrepreneurs, types of enterprises and contributions of entreprenures to local, national and global economy. 2.0 Course description The concept and scope of entrepreneurship; the nature and forms of business ownership in entreneurship; entreneurship in Nigeria: an overview; mega-entrepreneurs: a prosopographical historical study of nigerian entrepreneurship, 1850-2000; transnational corporations and...
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...PARTICIPATION CHS 322: COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION AND PARTICIPATION Course Developer/Writer Chief Michael Wilson Ibet- Iragunima Rivers State College of Health Science and Technology Port Harcourt Prof. Afolabi Adebanjo School of Science and Technology National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos Programme Leader Course Coordinator Kayode S. Olubiyi School of Science and Technology National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Annex 245 Samuel Adesujo Ademulegun Street Central Business District Opposite Arewa Suites Abuja E-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng National Open University of Nigeria 2008 First Printed 2008 ISBN: All Rights Reserved Printed by…………………………………. For National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos e-mail: centrainfo@nou.edu.ng ur/: www.nou.edu.ng Study Units The study units in this course are as follows: Module 1: Unit I: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit 4: Unit 5: Unit 6: Community Mobilization Concept of Community Mobilization Rationale for Community Mobilization Steps involved in Community Mobilization Community Participation Rationale for Community Participation Formation and Organization of Development Committees Community Diagnosis Concept of Community Diagnosis Rationale for Community Diagnosis Steps in Community Diagnosis Methods for Community Diagnosis Information Sought During...
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...MATORI LGA IN LAGOS, NIGERIA By Patrick Onuorah Supervisor Klaus Solberg Söilen [pic] ABSTRACT This study, the role of small and medium sized enterprises for economic growth, was undertaken to find out how SME sub-sector in Nigeria has performed and its impact on the economic growth of the country. Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) is accepted globally as a tool for empowering the citizenry and economic growth. It has been associated with the rapid economic growth of countries in Asia and North America. In Nigeria efforts have been made by successive governments to reduce poverty and accelerate economic growth by increasing foreign direct investment, diversifying the economy, enacting policy frameworks which favour small business ownership and sometimes initiating employment and entrepreneurship programmes. Specifically this study tends to figure out: how profitable SME business is; whether infrastructural development could be attributed to the presence of SMEs; if significant number of people are employed within the SME sector; whether the SME market has attracted banks and financial institutions with increase in loans and incentives; whether there is increase in information Technology related businesses due to presence of SMEs and if there is need for the government to encourage and develop more opportunities for SMEs. A total of 200 SMEs were randomly selected from Matori, a city in Lagos state Nigeria...
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...PERSONALITY FACTOR IN THE CONDUCT OF NIGERIA’S DIPLOMACY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLUSEGUN OBASANJO AND MUSA YAR’ADUA ADMINISTRATIONS, 1999-2000 Proposal submitted by Oluwatoyin Alabi to DR. David Aworawo, of the Post Graduate School, University of Lagos. In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the Degree: Masters of International Relations and Strategic Studies. (MISS) AUGUST 2012 PROPOSAL This work, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, seeks to analyse aspects of Nigeria’s diplomacy, specifically the effect of the leader’s personality on the conduct of Nigeria’s external relations. To effectively do this, the work shall comparatively assess Nigeria’s diplomacy under Presidents Obasanjo and Yar'Adua from 1999-2010. Seeking to see the effect their personality type had on the manner, trends and approach to Nigeria’s diplomacy during the period. On record President Obasanjo undertook a shuttle diplomatic effort across the globe especially between 1999 and 2002, this is said to have reintegrated Nigeria into the comity of Nations, where she was previously a pariah. How did his personality affect these efforts? Was his personality added value or reduced value? At the point of his death President Yar’Adua was ECOWAS chairman, previously in 2009 he attended the G20 meeting in Germany, visited President George Bush at the start of his term and other diplomatic engagements. How did his personality affect all these? On the whole how did the respective...
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...Law Environment and Development Journal LEAD REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan COUNTRY LEGISLATION 8/1 VOLUME LEAD Journal (Law, Environment and Development Journal) is a peer-reviewed academic publication based in New Delhi and London and jointly managed by the School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) - University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC). LEAD is published at www.lead-journal.org ISSN 1746-5893 The Managing Editor, LEAD Journal, c/o International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), International Environment House II, 1F, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Châtelaine-Geneva, Switzerland, Tel/fax: + 41 (0)22 79 72 623, info@lead-journal.org Country Legislation REVIEW OF NESREA ACT 2007 AND REGULATIONS 2009-2011: A NEW DAWN IN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT IN NIGERIA Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan This document can be cited as Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, ‘Review of NESREA Act 2007 and Regulations 2009-2011: A New Dawn in Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in Nigeria’, 8/1 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2012), p. 116, available at http://www.lead-journal.org/content/12116.pdf Muhammed Tawfiq Ladan, Professor of Law, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Email: mtladan@gmail.com Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs...
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...No.7, pp.23-42, July 2016 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) EFFICIENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC SECTOR REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA (1970-2014) Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi and Prof. M.C. Okafor 1 Doctoral Student of Accounting, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 2 Department of Accounting, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT: Nigeria is the sixth largest producer of oil and gas in the world, but the average Nigerian on the street is poor and there is poor infrastructure like power supply, roads, hospitals etc. This study examines the efficiency and accountability of public sector revenue and expenditure in Nigeria (1970-2014). Data on total federal government revenue and expenditure, state governments’ revenue and expenditure were collected from Statistical bulletin from the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1970-2014. The results were analysed using relevant statistical tools. The findings reveals that the level of accountability is very poor in Nigeria because the attributes of accessibility, comprehensiveness, relevance, quality, reliability and timely disclosure of financial information, social and political information about government activities are completely non available or partially available for the citizens to assess the performance of public officers mostly the political office holders. Conclusively and...
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...organisation working for economic justice, environmental stewardship, and corporate and investor responsibility. ECCR undertakes research, advocacy and dialogue with companies and investors. It seeks to influence company policy and practice and to raise awareness among the British and Irish churches, the investor community and the general public. For more information, please visit www.eccr.org.uk. Acknowledgements ECCR would like to thank the five civil society organisations that contributed case studies based on their work in the Niger Delta; Cordaid for generously sponsoring the report; members, partners and independent experts who advised, read and commented on the text before publication; Royal Dutch Shell Plc and Shell Petroleum Development Corporation of Nigeria for providing company information and commenting on the text. Cover photo credits: Friends of the Earth International; IRIN/UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs; Milieudefensie/Friends of the Earth Netherlands; Stakeholder Democracy Network. Disclaimers ECCR has commissioned and published these case studies as a contribution to public understanding. The text has undergone a careful process of fact-checking and review to achieve accuracy and balance. Nevertheless, the views expressed in the case studies do not necessarily represent in every respect or detail those of ECCR. The views expressed outside the case study written by Pro-Natura International (Nigeria) (PNI) are not necessarily those of...
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...Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. 1.2. Differentiate between Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship. List five contributions to the study of Entrepreneurship. Introduction Businesses are any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility. Utility is simply the satisfaction derived from consuming certain goods and services. Businesses are created by a special kind of labour which is also referred to as the entrepreneur. Entrepreneur is regarded as a special kind of labour because not all labour possesses entrepreneurial abilities which enable them to start a business from the scratch. Thus, entrepreneurship is simply the establishment of a new business or business enterprise or venture. This Unit looks at the development of the concept of entrepreneurship and the various ways in which this concept can be defined. Quick Review questions I. Businesses are not any undertaking created for the purpose of creating utility. True or False II. 1.3. Entrepreneur is regarded as a special kind of labour True or False Entrepreneurship – Origin Various scholars have written extensively on the origin of entrepreneurship. What is interesting is that most of the scholars who wrote about the origin of entrepreneurship are either economists or historians. Basically, the concept...
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...WOMEN DEVELOPMENT AND NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN IN NIGERIA Olubunmi Aderemi Sokefun Abstract This paper discusses the document on women in Nigeria (National Policy on Women). Several past administrations in this country have treated women issues and affairs with calculated levity: Carefully side - tracking or blatantly refusing to accord it the necessary attention. It is now a thing to gladden the hearts of all women of Nigeria that, "after four attempts by four former heads of Nigeria's Government," Chief Obasanjo's administration finally granted government recognition to women's issues in this country. The official document .on Human Rights' issues as it relates to Nigerian women; this document is known as the NATIONAL POLICY ON WOMEN. This paper therefore focuses on the document which promises to bring delight to the heart of every woman in this country. Introduction When late Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome Kuti joined the vanguard team as the only nationalist and activist during the early struggle for Nigerian independence, hardly did .anybody realize then that she had a dream, a clear vision of a future Nigerian woman, that vision was crystal clear in her heart, and like a pivot, it stood firmly on three stand posts-known today as women's rights, women emancipation and women empowerment.. . Mrs. Olufunmilayo Ransome-Kuti later joined by some educated women of like minds, fought daringly and relentlessly for these three .pivotal goals of women emergency and relevance in the socio-political...
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...1 INTRODUCTION Nigeria as a nation is a democratic country with over 170 million people. With a presidential system of government. It comprises of 36 states and 777 local government area. The connection between Nigeria and China dates as far back to 1971. At the same time when penning this thesis the president of Nigeria is in china to expand this relation. The Chinese Ambassador in Nigeria, once said sometime last year that China and Nigeria have longstanding relations that dates back as far as 45 years. Nigeria is China second biggest trade partner in engineering in Africa. It supposed that by the end of next year our relations of trade will be as high as $13 billion China is still to build a world renowned company like General Electric and Apple. The impression most of the foreign countries have of china is that their business men and entrepreneurs are out to gather wealth, rather than for business strategy, innovation and style of administration. But yet china has one of the most effective business management approach in the 21st century. The Chinese administration cannot be like the Japanese six sigma or invent new management technique, but offers more skills of business management than companies more occidental could offer. The Chinese businesses offer administration's common imperatives: responsiveness, improvisation and flexibility. These competencies supplies them a critical facet. The Chinese Companies have discovered to handle differently over the past 30...
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...of audit has been accorded its rightful place with a view to imposing some system of check upon person whose business involves to record the receipt and disbursement of money on behalf of others. However, the need for audit mostly government account is precipitated by a number of issues. One of such issue is the size of the public sector, the financing of which have become very burdensome, especially with the fall in public revenue resulting from the change of circumstances of the international oil market. According to Asechemic (1999), the pervasive presence of public sector is due, in part, to the historical national condition of a weak private modern sector in the past colonial Nigerian economy. The economy activity of government arising from this historic condition has made the Nigerian public sector very large. A need to reduce the size of the public expenditure has become clear to many observers. The privatization and commercialization project in the structural adjustment programmers (SAP) is an office response to the call for a reduction of public sector spending. The second issue is the financial accountability of public officer. Corruption and lack of accountability by holders of public officer have long been a problem in Nigeria. So much have been said about the need for public accountability in the recent past, that there can hardly be anybody in Nigeria who is not convicted that the public services as expected (asecheme,1999:21). The third issue...
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...processes for the purposeful administration or management of a polity or the management of an entity. The importance of institutions will probably be best understood from the governance perspective. In this regard, we recall that governance is 111 primarily concerned with two inter-related issues. These are (a) existence of societal institutions for managing social relations; and (b) the degree of independence enjoyed by each institution in the performance of its assigned duties. Hence, the state of institutions along these two dimensions determines the quality of governance. Herein lies the desirability of assessing the current state of institutional setting in which ODSEEDS would be designed and implemented. For the purpose of our discussion, we have identified three major groups of stakeholders around which institutions could be appraised. These groups comprise (a) the government (public sector), (b) business (private sector); and (c) civil society (the people). These are the three primary partners (3PP) in the development process of any nation. The characteristic of each partner group in Ondo State are highlighted briefly as follows: 17.1 The Public Sector Ondo State has a seasoned executive arm of government, a legacy it inherited from the early 60s. The state’s civil service is blessed with competent technocrats and is expected to serve as the engine room of state administration. At the political level, the return to representative political system in 1999...
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...Impact of Nigeria's Bilateral Investment Agreements in Oil and Gas on the Right to Health and the Right to a Healthy Environment: A Case Study of the Niger Delta” Full Name of Student (Your student registration number) A XXXXXXXXXXX DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF DEGREE OF XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX UNIVERITY Declaration I hereby declare that research thesis is my original work and has never been used presented for any degree or diploma in any university or institution. Where material is obtained from published or unpublished works, this has been fully acknowledged by citation in the main text and inclusion in the list of references. Table of Contents Declaration 2 Table of Contents 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Background of the study 11 1.2 Statement of the Problem 27 1.2 Research Aims 29 1.3 Research Objectives 30 1.4 Research Questions 31 1.5 Justification of the Research 32 1.6 Research Methodology 42 1.6.2 Research design 45 1.6.2 Target population 45 1.6.3 Sampling 46 1.6.4 Data collection 46 1.6.5 Data presentation 46 1.7 Definition of terms 46 1.8.2 Environment 47 1.8.3 The right to health and the right to a healthy environment...
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...general value chain concept 9 2.2. The value chain concept applied to fisheries and aquaculture 11 2.3. Conclusions about using the value chain analysis 14 3. The international seafood industry and Africa’s place in it 16 3.1. African seafood exports and imports 18 3.2. Main destinations 20 3.3. Imports 21 3.4. Value addition in Africa 21 4. Studies where value chain analysis has been used 22 4.1. Revenue distribution through the seafood value chain 23 4.2. Lake Victoria Nile perch fishery, Tanzania 25 4.3. Pelagic fishery in Morocco 32 4.4. Value addition opportunities in the Namibian seafood industry 38 4.5. Ugandan Nile perch quality management and certification 41 4.6. The Kenya capture fisheries value chain 45 4.7. Nigerian domestic catfish production 50 4.8. Gender analysis of aquaculture value chain in Nigeria and Vietnam 54 4.9. Private sector applications of value chain analysis 60 5. On-going value chain analysis studies 68 5.1. Value chain analysis of international fish trade and food security 68 5.2. Ghana: Value Chain and Cost Earnings Analysis 69 6. Example from Asia: Analysis of the fishery sector in Sri Lanka 70 6.1. Value chain summary 71 6.2. Production 71 6.3. Ownership and collective action 72 6.4. Fisheries value chain structure and dynamics 74 6.5. Value chain participants 76 6.6. Supporting markets 77 6.7. Inter-firm linkages 78 6.8. Value chain governance and power relations 79 7. Conclusions 81 References 82 ...
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...Department of Political Science and Conflict Resolution Al – Hikmah University, Ilorin Kwara State Course Editor Prof. M. Olarotimi Ajayi Faculty of Social Sciences Covenant University Otta Course Coordinator Mr. Abdul-Rahoof A. Bello National Open University of Nigeria ii POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja Nigeria e-mail: centralinfo@nou.edu.ng URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2009 ISBN: 978-058-415-3 All Rights Reserved iii POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ………………………………………….…………… 1 Course Aims ……………………………………………………… 1 Course Objectives ………………………………………………... 1 Working through Course……………………………………. This 2 Course Materials………………………………………………….. 2 Study Units………………………………………………………. . 2 Text books and References……………………………………….. 3 Assessment File…………………………………………………… 3 Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………….. ……………… 4 iv POL 122 INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN POLITICS Final Examination Grading…………………………………... and 4 Course Marking Scheme………………………………………….. 4 Presentation Schedule…………………………………………….. 4 Course Overview ……………………………….………..…….….. 5 How to Get the Most from This Course………………………….. 6 Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials………….……………………….7 Summary…………………………………………………………. . 8 Introduction...
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