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CHAPTER 3: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1 Why do some people pronounce SQL as “sequel”? Ans: Because of its naming history, SQL is developed from SEQUEL language, so some people pronounce SQL as “sequel”. 2 Why are the manipulation statements of SQL more widely used than the definition and control statements? Ans: Because only the database administrator uses the definition and control statements, while power users and analysts, who are the majority, use the manipulation statements. 3 Is the SQL standard supported in whole or in part? Briefly explain. Ans: The SQL standard is supported in part. Because of the size of the previous standard SQL-92 (contains more than 600 pages) and the current SQL: 1999 standard (contains more than 2,100 pages), there are multiple levels that can be supported. No vendor supports the entire SQL-92 standard now. Most vendors support a super/subset of the standard. With the new SQL: 1999 standard, vendor implementation will likely be more fragmented because of the size and scope of the standard. 4 How many levels of conformance does the SQL-92 standard have? Ans: The SQL-92 specification contained three levels: Entry SQL, Intermediate SQL, and Full SQL. Unfortunately, no vendor claimed conformance beyond Entry SQL although most vendors implemented some features in the higher SQL levels as well as providing proprietary SQL extensions. 5 How many levels of conformance do the SQL: 1999 standard have? Ans: The SQL: 1999 standard contains a single level of conformance called Core SQL. At the time of writing of this chapter, no vendor claims conformance to Core SQL although some vendors seem close to conformance. SQL: 1999 contains many features outside of Core SQL grouped into packages. 6 What is standalone SQL? Ans: In standalone SQL, the user submits SQL statements with the use of a specialized editor. The editor alerts the user to syntax errors

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