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Study Guide-Final Exam Chapter 7-8

1) Know the electromagnetic spectrum and the relationship to frequency. Page 135 and figure 7.3
Radio waves, microwaves, millimeter waves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays and Gamma rays
Wavelength and frequency have an inverse relationship, meaning that as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa.

2) Know how light interacts with matter: Reflection and refraction. Pages 167-170
Interaction of light depends on smoothness of surface, nature of the material and angle
Reflection - angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection when measure from the normal. The angle of incidence is the angle of an incoming light ray. Spacing and relationship between incoming and outgoing rays produces a virtual image which is identical to the real object.
Refraction - light rays moving from one transparent medium to another may be bent, or refracted. The amount of refraction of light rays depends upon their angle of incidence in the same way reflection does, and also on specific properties of the different media and how fast light travels in each.
3) Know the evidence for the wave nature of light. Pages 166-170
The wave theory explains how light travels through space, and how it interacts with matter to be reflected, absorbed, or refracted
4) Know the evidence for the particle nature of light. Page 170-171
The particle theory can explain the photoelectric effect and blackbody radiation.
5) No the 5 basic ideas of classic atomic theory Bottom page 180-top of page 181 1. All elements consist of particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of an element are identical and have the same mass. 3. Atoms of each element are different from those of other elements and have different mass. 4. Atoms chemically combine in definite whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds 5. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

6) Know how the electron was discovered. 181-182
Gases do not conduct electricity under normal conditions. but when subjected to high voltage at a very low pressure gases conduct electricity.Thomsan studied this phenomenon using a device called discharge tbe. He used a glass tube having 2 electrodes sealed into it. The tube was evacuatedso that there was very little air or gas inside it. The electrodes were connected to a source of high voltage. At high enough voltage, the gas started conducting and current started to flow. this led to an electrical dischrge. When studying such dischrges, Thomsan discovered a strem of negatively charged particles were coming from cathode. These particles were later given the name as electrons.

7) Know the properties of the nucleas an how they relate to the Periodic Table of The elements. Middle of Page 182-page 183
Protons and neutrons.
8) Know and be able to describe the Bohr model of the atom. Page 184-middle of page 186.

9) Know the basic principles of Quantum mechanics. Page 186-187. 1. Distance from the nucleus- principle quantum number 2. Energy sublevel- angular momentum quantum number 3. Orientation in space- this is the magnetic quantum number and it describes the orientation of an orbital in space. 4. Direction of spin- spin quantum number
REVIEW THE LECTURES ON BLACKBOARD FOR CHAPTERS 7 and 8.

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