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Social Solidarity in the Kalahari
Rachael L. Smith
SOCI 111

In Robert Lee’s Eating Christmas in the Kalahari, he describes his time spent as an anthropologist studying the hunting and gathering subsistence economy of the !Kung in the Kalahari desert, specifically around Christmas, where he aims to show his gratitude to the villagers by getting them an ox to slaughter and feast on. He is told consistently by members of the /ai/ai village that the ox he purchased was not substantial for the villagers, and will not please them. After he discovers that his ox is indeed substantial and will feed the village, Lee learns of the villages’ socialization customs to one another, which is to humiliate them. With the /ai/ai village comparable to a Gemeinschaft, Lee discovers that the Bushmen use humility to enforce social status within their mechanical and organic social solidarity.
The !Kung Bushmen understand Christmas as essentially “praise the birth of white man’s god-chief,” as their knowledge about Christmas was told to them by Bantu-speaking pastoralists, and Christianity was not prominent in their society nor traditionally practiced. But, they still looked forward to Christmas due to the Tswana-Herero custom of slaughtering an ox for their Bushmen neighbors as a gesture of goodwill, in which the slaughter is followed by several days of feasting and trance-dancing. Amongst the Bushmen, Lee provided tobacco handouts and medical supplies but did not interfere with any of their food-gathering activities, which had some negative side-effects from the natives due to the fact that he had his own food supply, in order to gain accurate data and observations. Because of their cooperation, Lee decided that he would purchase the largest, meatiest ox for slaughter at Christmas in order to thank them and show his appreciation. After Lee purchased the largest ox

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