...Assignment 2: Incorporating Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development into the Justice System Alichia Dunaway Strayer University Ethics and Leadership in Criminal Justice CRJ 220 Professor Judy Tompkins August 16, 2015 Abstract The perception of justice is an affiliation that exists between the citizens and the state. Justice means that the state treats every person equally and seeks to find resolution in disputes. This resolution is found on the basis of the detailed facts and is compared to intent criteria, rather than a biased determination. It is based upon the civil rights and duty of individual persons, particularly law enforcement officers. Law enforcement officers employ the concept of justice occasionally, but they are not constantly fair. Law enforcement officers make mistakes just like any other human being. Justice in law enforcement includes an extensive array of recruits and agencies. This includes victim services, the police, department of corrections, crime prevention, the probation and parole departments, and the court system. In order for law enforcement to uphold a general clarity of justice, officers are obliged to have power over the moral capability to legally enforce laws, as well as to continue with admiration that is articulated by the department and its operation. Also, justice includes officers that respect and uphold the rights of citizens. A potion they shall accept on and off the job. Additionally, officers must arrest suspects contained...
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...and regulations or law and order but it plays a major role in the society. According to Oxford Dictionary the word ethics is described as a set of accepted norms or values that enhances the quality of work and safe guard dignity of a professional. If someone doesn’t stand along with ethics, it never becomes a punishable event but could create many problems. According to (apa.org, 2014) punctuality, time management, morality, integrity are some of the ethical factors which will be discussed below. In the case of undergraduate students adhere to ethics could be benefited in many ways and it is for his or her present and future both. Starting from being punctual, for an example if someone get late for his/her lectures when he/her enter the classroom it will disturb everyone. So by attending the lectures on time will save the time of his/her and others as well. Some students rush at the last moment when submitting their assignments as they haven’t completed it by the given time. But if they are punctual they won’t get late to submit their assignments as they have managed the time properly. Students who have a good morality always try to stick to ethics and don’t try to cheat on exams. But the students who try to cheat on exams lack morality and integrity which means being honest and truthful as reported in Yahoo Contributor Network, (2014) Another unethical way is that the students try to copy and paste materials to their assignments from internet as they...
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...Learning Activities | References | 1 | 2 | Overview of the course * Scheme of work * Assessment * Mid semester examination * Final examination | * Ice breaking * Entrance Survey * Blended Learning Requirement * Coursework requirement * Lecture & discussion (F2F) | Main text - Thiroux, Jacques P (2008) Ethics: Theory and Practice. 9thed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. | 1 | 4 | Topic 1: Introduction to Ethics * The Concept of Ethics * Ethics & Morality * Sources of Morality * Ethics & Reason * The Importance of Study Ethics | * Lecture & tutorial(F2F) | Thiroux, Jacques P (2008) Ethics: Theory and Practice. 9thed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. | 2 | 4 | Topic 2: Ethical Theories * Consequentialism & Non-Consequentialism * Ethical Egoism * Utilitarianism | * Lecture & tutorial(F2F) | Thiroux, Jacques P (2008) Ethics: Theory and Practice. 9thed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. | 3 | 4 | Topic 2: Ethical Theories * Kant’s Moral Theory * Natural Law Theory * Virtue Ethics | * Lecture & tutorial(F2F) | Thiroux, Jacques P (2008) Ethics: Theory and Practice. 9thed....
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...HU 4640 ETHICS Homework Assignment: Difference between Law and Morality Instructor: Mr.Garmon Student: Mr. Rupert L.Griffith 03/31/15 The Debate between Law and Morality: Laws are absolute rules prescribed by government representatives, while morality has to do with personal views on what is right or wrong. A major difference between these two concepts is that a law is formal public policy that has consequences for those who violate it. Someone who murders or steals, for instance, goes to jail if found guilty in court. In contrast, someone who violates what others view as a moral standard may have no tangible consequence other than damaged relationships. Laws are sometimes viewed as legislation on moral issues. Many people lean on religious beliefs to frame their moral viewpoints. Politicians and some citizens also point to faith-based principles in suggesting that laws should follow what God commands. Others believe that laws should protect individual rights and freedoms but should not extend to topics viewed as ethical gray areas. In some cases, laws and morals evolve over time based on changing societal views. The Civil Rights laws of the 1950s and 1960s developed as Americans became more supportive of an end to segregation. Sometimes, though, principle-based politicians and leaders look to enact laws based on personal convictions, even though they may contradict the popular opinion of the time. My Position on this View: This would lend itself to the current “Religious...
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...Scenario Analysis Lon L. Fuller, former Carter Professor of Jurisprudence at Harvard Law School, observed in The Morality of Law, “Even if a man is answerable only to his conscience, he will answer more responsibly if he is compelled to articulate principles on which he acts.” Source: Lon L. Fuller. (1975). The Morality of Law. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. (p. 159) Assignment: In this Assignment you are required to apply Fuller’s Principle, as cited above, and respond to three real-life scenarios regarding ethical decision making within the field of criminal justice and policing. In considering each of the three scenarios, you are asked to respond to the following four questions: Is there a moral problem presented in the scenario? If so, what is it? Does policy or law dictate an appropriate response, or does it require that professional discretion be applied? What criteria (considerations), principles, and consequences should guide your decision? What would you do? Articulate, justify, and defend your position. First, read each scenario. Second, analyze the ethical dilemma within the context of the four questions specified above. Third, respond in writing to the each of the four questions. The entire paper should be 2 – 4 pages in length. Each essay response should be brief, not more than one page. You may use references to support your responses, but the essay responses must be original. Scenario 1 - Drugs at a Friend’s...
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...Abortion Crystal Estell EN1320 Assignment 2.2 Abortion is one of the most controversial moral issues of our age. Although pro-choice and pro-life arguments centering on the morality of the issue are already well stated, the other more practical arguments on this subject have been underreported. I. What is an abortion? A. Why would a person decide to abort? 1. Is it right to be pro-life or pro-choice and then why. 2. Who should make this decision? B. Should the government be involved or should this be only the decision of one person? 1. Should the law protect the ones that cannot speak up for him or herself? 2. Or should the law be kept out completely and leave it up to the parents, or maybe just to the mother. II. Abortion is legal in the US and many other countries. A. Therefore, by creating a new abortion law we might put additional risk on women/mothers willing to abort somewhere else. 1. So does it make sense that abortion is not restricted by any law? 2. However, abortion not being restricted by law is being abused by many as they use it as contraception. B. So would it be dangerous if abortion were forbidden in the US? 1. How many abortions are done in the US in a year, month, and day? 2. How many are done worldwide? III. America, the land of freedom, therefore should there be the free choice even for abortion? A. What are the risks of having an abortion? 1. What are the possible complications of...
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...Scenario Analysis Lon L. Fuller, former Carter Professor of Jurisprudence at Harvard Law School, observed in The Morality of Law, “Even if a man is answerable only to his conscience, he will answer more responsibly if he is compelled to articulate principles on which he acts.” Source: Fuller, L. (1975). The morality of law. (p. 159). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Assignment: In this Assignment, you are required to apply Fuller’s Principle, as cited above, and respond to three real-life scenarios regarding ethical decision making within the field of criminal justice and policing. In considering each of the three scenarios, you are asked to respond to the following four questions: 1. Is there a moral problem presented in the scenario? If so, what is it? 2. Does policy or law dictate an appropriate response, or does it require that professional discretion be applied? 3. What criteria (considerations), principles, and consequences should guide your decision? 4. What would you do? Articulate, justify, and defend your position to a group of professional career colleagues who had a different opinion. First, read each scenario. Second, analyze the ethical dilemma within the context of the four questions specified above. Third, respond in writing to the each of the four questions. Scenario 1: Drugs at a Friend’s House You are an off-duty police officer at a party at the house of an old high school friend. Everyone is still in the backyard drinking. You go into the house...
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... Question 2 1. Introduce to Cadbury Report 2. Conclusions 3.0 References Question 1 Based on the above it has been stated that “the problem is not a failure to comply with rules but a failure in governance practice”. Do you agree and why? (10 Marks) Introduce to Corporate Governance Corporate governance looks at issues pertaining to transparency, integrity, effectiveness and accountability in the management of the affairs, and all other activities of an organization. Management is concerned with the company’s operations, functions and financial performance; hence, corporate governance aims to involve the quality assurance of the operation of the board itself. The concern is for the welfare, good performance, corporate ethics and morality, as well as social and public responsibility for the good corporate citizenship. Corporate governance also involves in system to ensure that the organization’s obligations to its major stakeholders. The relationship among the many stakeholders and the way of corporation is directed and governed is therefore created. Stakeholders might include customers, employees, creditors, suppliers and distributors, the community and the owners at large. The principle stakeholders are the board of...
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...Unit 1 Assignment 2 Kohlberg’s Moral Development Kohlberg’s moral development is made up of six stages. These stages include avoiding punishment, self-interest, good boy attitude, law and order morality, social contract, and principle. I would like to write on how I believe that these are viable steps of morality. Growing up is an important part of everyone’s life and knowing right from wrong is our duty. Society needs people that can interact with one another peacefully or society itself would fail. When I was growing up I was ignorant of ethics and what it was to be moral, immoral, or non-moral. For this reason I was in a lot of trouble constantly and I thought it was “stupid”. I would have liked to be a more standing citizen and maybe did more right than wrong. I avoided punishment but only in the form of trying not to get caught. I might have been mistaken when referring to self-interest and I really don’t believe I had a good boy attitude. I have a hard time believing that good boy attitude was ever properly used among boys my age. I definitely didn’t have law and order morality, because I was always getting into situation with questionable legality. The things that I did when I was younger where not based on a social contract. I didn’t understand when I was younger that things that were important then wouldn’t be important in the future. I was blinded and stifled by my own thought process. Without an understanding of society, I won’t know how to function properly...
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...Ethic Essay Virtue ethics is a choice of what the outcome will become. It would be the best choice for yourself even it would break a law or rule. It's what you believe in; that will benefit you after you realize it will cause you dearly also. It will also boost your morality. It's like breaking to a nightclub without paying the entrance fee and never got caught. For this situation, you can able to save the money and spend it on drinks instead of paying to enter only. Utilitarianism is a part of virtue ethics, and this could be a non-moral situation. It avoids suffering in which rightful or wrongful will be a result of some consequences. This ethics is for the greatness of numbers. It more relates to a religious-like Christianity. They decide to believe in happiness even it's against the religious law, and the consequences are not healthy. An example is to lie at to anyone to have happiness in life or for a better life. In medicine, it has its cure but will have its side effect. The cure is more important for most people than thinking about the side effect of the medicine. Deontological ethics is against utilitarianism. It's all about the rule in either they suffer or not the needs to follow. Following your duties is the correct moral rule. If you don't do your duty, you will be immorally behaving. Society and religion make their rules that need to be followed even it will have suffered. Some examples are food; we have to kill a living thing to live. These living things are...
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...Assignment #3 In the short essay Are We Ready For The Morality Pill? by Peter Singer and Agata Sagan they provide two examples of when a morality pill could come into play. Before they introduce two examples they provide facts for how and why the morality pill could exist. They discuss brain research that proves a biochemical difference in people who help others and those who do not. This where they introduce the morality pill as a form of medication to make people more likely to help others. They also discuss other studies that “other studies linking biochemical conditions to mood and behavior, and the proliferation of drugs to modify them” ( Singer and Sagan 97). These two studies of the brain prove the possibility of the morality pill for...
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...Worldview Assignment APOL 104- D09 July 15, 2013 Worldview Assignment A worldview is shaped by the opinions, thoughts and conclusions of others, such as parents, teachers, media, friends and our religious leaders. What we receive from these sources will play an important role for years to come in defining who we are as individuals, our belief systems, how we view our fellowman, the schools we attend and where we live. In addition, it affects morality and how we define right and wrong, social and political issues. The way we view the world has a direct correlation to our decision-making, which will not only impact our lives in a positive or negative manner, but those around us. The Bible tells us that God created the heavens and the earth and everything in it for his glory (Gen 1:1). The Universe did not come into existence by happenstance as the Secularist would have you to believe, but the work of intelligent design (John 1:3). The Bible is the standard by which the Christian Biblical Worldview is framed and our standard for living. Humanity began when God articulated that He was the architect of it. God took dust from the ground and created Adam and breathed life in him, and out of Adam came Eve. What makes humanity so special is that we were not spoken into existence, but sculptured by the loving hand of God, in his image and likeness. We did not evolve from the animal kingdom as Darwinism states. Humanity is unlike any other creation of God; we were...
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...Country--------------- 6 3.0 The Rule of Law-------------------------------- 7 4.0 Upholding the Constitution-----------------5.0 Decorum and Morality ----------------------- 8 9 Conclusion 10 Reference 11 Appendices 12-16 1 Acknowledgement We are grateful because we manage to complete our "Pengajian Malaysia 2" assignment within the time given by our lecturer Miss Irna Nursyafina. This assignment can't be done without the effort of my partner, Jesslie Ng Hui Yee. Last but not least, we would like to express my gratitude to our course mates for their constant support and guidance. 2 Introduction What is Rukun Negara? It was born on 31 August 1970 headed by the Malaysia's second prime minister, Tun Abdul Razak and it is formulated by the National Consultative Council. The purpose to form this principles are to created unity of various race in Malaysia after the disturbing peace of different races in 13 May 1969. It had proven in Malaysia that racial issues and stability fragile of the happened riots. After the formation of Rukun Negara in Malaysia, cases of racist incidents that involve hundreds of people death are prevented. Formation of Rukun Negara is one of the method to help Malaysian to stay together in one unity. The Principle of Rukun Negara consists of 5 principles, which is Belief in God, Loyalty to King and Country, Upholding the Constitution, Rule of Law and Decorum and Morality. 3 1.0 Belief in God Believing...
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...BUSINESS LAW Law In Relation In Justice Name: Iskandar Putera Bin Mohlas ID: 11040499 Assignment 1 Lecturer: FATIMAH LAWAL What is law. Law can generally be describe as a set of rules, developed over a long period time that regulates interactions have with each other, and which sets standards of conduct between individual and between individuals and the government which are enforceable through sanction. Thus, to the layman, law is understood as being a general rule of conduct. In the Oxford English Dictionary, law is defined as ‘the body of enacted or customary rules recognized by a community as binding’. However the word ‘law’ has been given many different definition by lawyer. It is possible to describe law as the body of official rules and regulations, generally found in constitutions, legislation, judicial opinions, and the like, that is used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of its members, so Law is a formal mechanism of social control. Legal systems are particular ways of establishing and maintaining social order. Almost everything we do has a set of rules. There are rules for games, for social clubs, for sports and for the workplace. Rules of morality and custom tell us what we should and should not do. Rules made by government are called "laws." Laws are meant to control or change our behaviour and, unlike rules of morality, they are enforced by the courts. If you break a law - whether you like that law or not - you may have to pay a fine...
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...Critical Thinking Assignment Part I Buddhism 1. Origin – In the Buddhist Worldview, life and the world have no beginning or end. “There is no reason to suppose that the world had a beginning at all. The idea that things must have a beginning is really due to the poverty of our thoughts” (Russel, 1924) Creation occurs repeatedly throughout time. 2. Identity – The Buddhist believe that they are an impermanent collection of aggregates/for some personal existence continues for a while. 3. Meaning/Purpose – Buddhists believe suffering is real it is not an illusion and that it is the reason man is trapped in the cycle of reincarnation. The purpose is to “eliminate suffering by eliminating desire or craving that which is temporary” (Weider & Gutierrez, 2011 p. 60). This can be achieved by following the four noble truths and the eightfold path, which lead to a state of Nirvana. Buddhists believe we suffer because we strive to hold on to things, which do not give lasting happiness. 4. Morality – It is directly woven into Buddhist teachings. The Third Noble Truth, “The way to liberate oneself from suffering is by eliminating all desire”. The Eightfold path connects to morality with the concepts of right speech, right action, and right livelihood. 5. Destiny - In the Buddhist Worldview, our destiny is not controlled by God but, by us. Actions we take and decisions we make determine if we have good or bad karma. When we go through the cycle of reincarnation,...
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