...AIA103 Australia New World Nation 3. Since the late 1940s, Australia has been transformed from a monocultural ‘British’ society to become one of the most racially and culturally diverse nations in the world. How would you explain this? Today, Australia is considered as one of the most successful nations in building a tolerant, inclusive, and culturally diverse society. Many people are willing to live in this land. However, the pace to this successful society is very tough. For the first 50 years of federation Australia, this country was a monocultural ‘British’ society. Most migrants came from Britain. Since the late 1940s, more people from different countries immigrate to Australia. Most of them are European migrants after World War II. This phenomenon triggered defensive reactions by the previous dominant of Anglo-Australians (Nichols, 2011). The dominant wanted to assimilate the immigrants at the first stage, but some conflicts occurred during this process. Then, the immigration policy has been changed from assimilationsm to multiculturalism. After the start of federation of Australia in 1901, the government utilized White Australia Policy to all Australians, preventing anyone to enter Australia unless they were from Britain and trying to make this country into an English-speaking, Anglo-Australian cultural one. At that time, English is the first language being spoken by above 95 per cent people in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002). Britain...
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...Assimilation is the process by which immigrants become part of the mainstream culture of their new country, lessening the differences between immigrants and native born Americans. Research often distinguishes between cultural assimilation, in which ethnic and cultural norms from the previous country become less prevalent, and other factors such as socioeconomic success and educational equity, referred to under the umbrella of structural assimilation. Assimilation, especially cultural assimilation, has been a controversial debate in American policy making, affecting education, health policy, and other areas. Previously, many believed that total assimilation was necessary for the healthy functioning of American society. Today, many embrace multicultural or segmented assimilation theories, which view multiculturalism and distinct ethnic identity as a strength rather than a weakness. Immigration and assimilation is a divisive topic that has been heavily debated in America ever since we became a country. There are two stories that explore the assimilation issue from different viewpoints’; in Mary Pipher’s story; “The Beautiful Laughing Sisters – An Arrival Story”; provides the viewpoint of immigrants leaving a hostile home for America. Elizabeth Wong details her journey to break with her culture and become Americanized in, “The Struggle to be an all American girl.” and (McWhorter, 2010 pp522-529). At debate today is whether immigrants and their families should blend into American...
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...Ethnic stereotypes and multiculturalism. Summary of course "Ethnic psychology" Contents: 1. The concept and properties of ethnic stereotypes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 2. National prejudices. Types etnostereotipov ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 3. 4. Variants of the reactions to cultural diversity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 5. Advantages and disadvantages of multiculturalism ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Bibliographic list ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 20 Introduction. Considering the cultural differences in thinking, beliefs, attitudes and behavior, it is easy to succumb to cognitive and emotional reactions to the material to begin to make generalizations, to form negative stereotypes about other people and even pre-make judgments about these differences, and people who are inherent in this behavior before you really understand what lies at its core. These processes and reactions are common in today's world, and to describe them often use the terms ethnic stereotypes, prejudice, multiculturalism, discrimination. Unfortunately, these terms are often used without a clear idea about them, which only exacerbates the problems that they need to clarify. Some of today's most pressing social issues associated with these processes, as boundaries between countries and cultures are becoming more permeable as...
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...This paper will be analysing a newspaper article from The Australian in relation to assimilation and Australian culture. Rintoul (2012) reported in the article that there was support from leaders of multiple faiths in Victoria to install prayer rooms in Australian Rules Football (AFL) venues. However, a former Victorian premier (Jeff Kennett) was against the move, positioning Muslim culture at odds with Australian culture and identity, deeming it incompatible with an iconic part of ‘traditional’ Australian culture. Therefore, this newspaper article may raise the question of whether migrants or Australians of faiths other than Christianity, particularly Muslims, are still expected to assimilate into a “traditional” Australian culture. This is...
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...lives both inside and outside of school. Therefore, we have to consider cultural diversities because honouring cultural diversities enhances classroom teaching and learning. As teachers, we have to understand these cultural diversities and try to accommodate to these differences. We have to honour other people’s beliefs and values because they have their rationale and that contributes to a harmonious society and peaceful nation. These have to start in school where the students are aware of their differences and teacher instil within them the espirit de core (spirit to live together peacefully), tolerance towards others, empathy and pro social behaviour WAYS to address cultural differences : (a) Assimilation Theory According to the assimilation theory, all students must conform to the rules of the AngloAmerican group culture, regardless of their family culture or the rules of other groups to which they belong. “Anglo” culture is superior to all others, differences are threatening and rejected. (b) Amalgamation Theory According to Davidson & Phelan: Cultural differences are ignored. Through the years, many of us have been...
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...maybe distinguished on the basis of language, form of family, structure and role of the family members, religious beliefs and customs, forms of artistic expression such as music and dance and national origin. Two individuals with the same racial identity may have different ethnicity for example a black American and a black Jamaican have different culture or ethnic backgrounds. Equally, two individuals with the same ethnic background may identify with different race example Hispanic maybe black or white. In a multicultural society, when society is studied it may be discovered how races and ethnic groups are treated or how they should be treated. The disparity between the ideal and the normal occurrence will allow us to see how the society functions. It would then be impossible to study the society without emphasizing on the relations between the various groups. Observing these groups will highlight key information. All these race and ethnic groups in the multicultural societies help us to see the importance of studying all the different groups and, their interaction with each other. Race and Ethnic Relations can influence or cause actions in the wider society. If Race and Ethnic relations are bad or...
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...But Multicultural Canada has its own ways in which migrants can easily settle into Canada. Translators are widely available Canada. Most of the workers in Canadian banks know more than one language, just to help to immigrants with their accounts. (You can apply for bank loan, almost in any language). Moving into a new country is a huge step no matter how well prepared or how confident you are. In Newcomer, by Mehri Yalfani, a girl suffered from the revolution of Iran was forced to migrate to Canada. She was not able to communicate well in her ESL class, due to her language barrier. In Finding a Nationality That Fits by Isabel Vincent, describes how Isabel had trouble reintegrating with her cultural roots due to the fact that she was migrated to Canada at a very young age. She couldn’t say if she was Canadian or Portuguese. In The Other Family, by Himani Bannerji, the Author herself, regret her decision to bring her child to Canada, away from her culture and heritage. The child also had difficulties accepting her heritage and culture. Which lead her to be white, like the majority of the families in Canada. While the terms integration and assimilation are somewhat related, but should not be confused with each other. Integration is a term that refers to the process in which migrants and refugees become part of the culturally and socially of a country. This process helps newcomers settle in their new country and become recognized as citizens in that society. Assimilation, on the...
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...students that are placed in make shift classrooms, a hall storage closets, a portable outside or even the basement? They are the changing face of students according to the National Center for Educational Statistics of the 49,676,964 students nationwide, 55.9 % are White 20.5% are Hispanic , 16.9 % are African American, 4.5 % Asian, 1.2% Native American. (NCES 2004-2005) Ten million students speak a language other than English in the home. (Oakes & Lipton 2007) The previously mentioned statistics, show how student populations have changed to become more ethnically, linguistically, and economically diverse. It is important to recognize each and every student as an individual with needs and talents all their own. Creating a need for Multicultural Education, cultural background can have a significant influence on the way in which students receive, respond, and produce information. If we treat everyone the same we end up being exactly the same. This is possible if the student’s culture is not recognized. Unfair to Who The inequities many students, particularly students of color, face are both in and outside the classroom are rooted in their lived conditions of poverty, racism, sexism, just to name a few. These conditions pose a challenge to the nearly 84% of teachers who are white and female. Gordan (2005) explains that this...
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...Unique number 888608 WERKOPDRAGSKRYFBLOK - ASSIGNMENT WRITING PAD Tik -- Type Dosent se Kommentaar Tutorial Comments ETH305V – Assignment 2 Question 1: Theoretical background i) Prejudice Prejudice is a pre-held negative opinion, perception, or judgment a person holds or expresses against something or someone, without justification or analyzing facts. For example, when one meets a Muslim person, or sees someone dressed as a Muslim on a flight, one automatically perceives him/her to be a terrorist, and is suspicious or unreasonably “sure” that the Muslim person intends blowing up the plane. The negative perception was based purely on perception of the Muslim person‟s religious belief, and not by knowing the person personally etc., thus stereotyping deals with ill-informed description of people whilst prejudice is based on unjustifiable feelings towards someone. Social conflicts can be generated by racism, prejudice, and stereotyping; therefore efforts need to be made to reduce racist tendencies and prejudice in order to correct stereotyping. Ways of achieving this include more awareness education, and contact between the stereotyped and those who form stereotypes, as well as the accurate portrayal of individuals and groups in literature. ii) Stereotypes Stereotyping takes place when we conjure mental categories where one deposits people, items or events into conceptually specified groups. Stereotypes are formed as a result of the overload of experiences we have, and...
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...through a workshop format, as well as to evaluate their own imaginative writing and the reading of creative texts, Bernstein found that these can be used as means of critical resistance to their remedial designations. Ultimately, though, she concludes that it is not the student’s responsibility alone to resist relegation but also educators as well, who need to address and seek to resolve the conditions that produce “basic writers” even before their arrival at the university, and this, according to the author, will produce an awareness and restructuring of white privilege in determining academic success. Campbell, Kermit E. “ ‘Real Niggaz’s Don’t Die’: African American Students Speaking Themselves into Their Writing.” Writing in Multicultural Settings. Ed. Carol Severino, Juan C. Guerra, and Johnnella E. Butler. Research and Scholarship in Composition. Ed. Lil Brannon, et al. New York: MLA, 1997. 67-78. Campbell contextualizes his argument within expressivist theories of language use, which view student writing as a manifestation of...
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...girlfriend decided it wasn’t “multicultural” enough. The film should not be confused with the 1991 Lars von Trier film Europa, which was initially released as Zentropa in the United States to avoid such a confusion. Europa Europa is directed by the young European director Agnieszka Holland, who previously directed the films Angry Harvest, and To Kill A Priest, and would later go on to direct such films as In Darkness and Burning Bush a three part miniseries which aired on the premium cable channel HBO this year. After doing a good amount of reading on Wikipedia, I am a big fan of the director, despite not knowing anything about the director, nor having seen any of his movies. My girlfriend insists the director is a woman, and begrudgingly I admit to her that she is in fact correct. This is a gender bias I have displayed unwittingly, and a multicultural stereotype of men directing war movies that I have internalized. I recognize that this is a negative bias. Dark sided. I have displayed a misogynistic tendency here in this situation. Irregardless, the female director has quite the repertoire of Nazi war movies. I am ready to accept her for who she is and empathize. I will probably have to empathize for the next three or four hours for a myriad of different reasons. The movie Europa Europa is not a film about astronauts on a mission to explore the claustrophobic cold recess of distant outer space, even though such a movie would exemplify multicultural relations. Europa Europa is...
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...small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for a New Century.2 The Citizenship Council eschews any notion of common national identity or shared culture in favour of 'public acceptance of diversity' and abstract civic values. Such values underpin citizenship, according to the Citizenship Council, and these together define and unite Australians. In the following paper we give a critical account of the evolution of multicultural policy and...
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...education has positive and negative sides. The negative points are bilingual education is expensive and people who are bilingual are often stereotyped as poor or uneducated (University Of Michigian, 2012). The positive points of bilingual education are it allows immigrants to avoid assimilation by not having to learn English, the dominant language and teaching students in their language gives them equal opportunity for a good education (University Of Michigian, 2012). According to Campbell (2006-2012), “Conservative forces mobilized throughout the nation in the 1980s and 1990s to attack taxes, schools, and bilingual education. Since the 1990s, these same groups have frequently attacked multicultural education as divisive to national unity.” Some people say they are offended and believe that since immigrants are in the United States, they should conform to our standards of education as well as language. Bilingualism is very important in politics. It allows politicians to effectively communicate with immigrants and understand some of their concerns. According to Heller (2012), “All multilingual and multicultural families want is for the world to understand that it is possible to value a multilingual/multicultural citizenry while at the same time cherishing and valuing the...
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...Julian Baggini tells about his experiences in Rotherham and he explains why he does not believe that the British people are racists in general. In the article, Baggini argues that tolerance is the best we can hope for in a multicultural society, like Britain. I want to bring it up to your reader’s attention how big the problems with racism actually are. In a modern country like Britain, there should not be any kind of segregation or assimilation. Julian Baggini describes how he repeatedly bumped into racially words, in the time he lived in Rotherham. I am outraged by the fact, how people use words like “Paki” and “Goreh”, as an ordinary way to mention different people from yourself. As a student in a school with many different nationalities, I know how important it is to respect each other and especially how important it is not to rank people by status or ethnic background. I speak from personal experience when I say that prejudices are destroyed in the moment you learn a person to know, whom you had prejudices against. How can we fight against prejudices? Baggini concludes that the best we can do is to hope for tolerance in a multicultural society. I have no doubt, that his conclusion is cursory and it will never be enough just to believe in a simple hope. I think we all have to do some more than just believe in a hope. My recommendation is that we all have...
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...Multiculturalism in Australia Student’s Name University Multiculturalism in Australia Multiculturalism is a political agenda aimed at maintenance of religious, ethical, and cultural diversity in the society. In the most cases, multiculturalism is associated with Australia (Nagle, 2009). More and more immigrants arrive in Australia. The Australian government takes measures according to the control of the immigration process. However, not all measures aimed at the control of the immigration process are executed fully. Nowadays, almost 23 million people live in Australia; density of the population is about 3 persons per 1 sq. km. Ethnic composition of the Australian population consists of Europeans (mostly Englishmen and Irishmen), which make almost 95 per cent, Asians (including expatriates form Middle East) – 4 per cent, and original residents and residents from Torres Strait – almost 1 per cent (Lowe, 2012). Two-fifths of the modern Australian population consists of immigrants of the first or second generations. The process of immigration is followed by the dramatic changes of the ethnic-demographic structure of the Australian society. Before the Second World War, only expatriates from the Anglo-Saxon cultural space immigrated in Australia, however, after 1945 the situation had changed. The first dramatic immigration wave came from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia; the second wave came from South Europe (in most cases from Italia...
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