...Department Assimilation of Consonants in English and Assimilation of the Definite Article in Arabic By Hamada Shehdeh Abid Dawood حمادة داود Supervised by Dr. Ahmad Atawneh 2013/2014 Assimilation of Consonants in English and Assimilation of the Definite Article in Arabic Abstract This paper aims at discussing the term assimilation. Assimilation is a phonological process where a sound looks like another neighboring sound. It includes progressive, regressive, coalescent, full and partial assimilation. In addition, contextual assimilation is subject to the environment of sounds where historical assimilation is resulted from the development of languages. In Arabic, it is clear that the /l/ sound in the definite article disappears if followed by coronal consonants. It is, however, concluded that the importance of assimilation is to make pronunciation of a word or speech easier. 1. Introduction Assimilation is an everyday occurrence in every human language, and it is particularly common for nasal sounds (McMahon, 2002, p. 4). Thus, sounds in the environment of other sounds, across morpheme and word boundaries tend to undergo various phonological changes referred to as phonological processes (Ofulue et al, 2010, p. 49). Making a sound more like another in the same or next word in continuous utterance is called assimilation (Oxford Dictionary, 2008). Assimilation usually occurs because two sounds share common features in place or manner. Thus, assimilation of consonants...
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...immigrants from a variety of different races, countries and religions to come and live in a land full of freedom and opportunity. These immigrants are slowly but surely turning America into a culture melting pot, giving it the most diversity people have seen in a lifetime. Although it is a common misconception, these people are not just looking to live in America for working privileges. Their real desire is to become something that depicts pride and honor, an American. Being an American in a country as diverse as ours means more than just living on American soil, it has endless benefits that allows one to feel free. Unfortunately, the rapid flow of immigrants into America has led to many issues. One of the main ones is the concept of assimilation, which has been disputed for years due to the capacity of the incoming immigrants. Jay Nordlinger, in his essay “Bassackwards: Construction Spanish and Other Signs of the Times” notes that not “everyone who comes to America is dying to melt into the pot”. Yet he stresses, as does Linda Chavez in her essay “Supporting Family Values”, the need for immigrants to assimilate to American culture. These two concepts have been floating around America since the first illegal immigrants started to show up and they’ve been controversial ever since. Everyone is looking for a happy medium for the issue but can’t seem to find it. Recent immigrants are being expected to trade their ethnic and national identities for new American identities, and the...
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...the view that ethnic inequality is a dysfunctional for society, and that ethnic minorities need to become more similar to the white majority. This is known as Assimilation theory, which is staunchly criticised by the Marxists who believe racism exists to justify the inequalities that are so wide spread by the Bourgeoisie via Capitalism. Weberianism concurs with Marxists (so they diverge from the Functionalists) to an extent, but they introduce status into the explanation. Postmodernists take a approach antagonistic to all of the afore mentioned approaches, and that is to argue that blanket terms such as ethnicity are no longer relevant in the modern era, where our identities are defined by consumerism and globalisation. Functionalists outline the Assimilation Theory, suggested by Patterson. Patterson believes that the influx of immigrants into Britain in the 1950s disturbed what was a homogenous society with social stability and a high degree of social integration, leading to a value consensus. The norms and values brought in with the immigrants led to a Cultural Clash, where each different ethnicity were seen to be against the norm. This created many stereotypes e.g. boisterous West Indians. Prejudice also came about, buoyed by xenophobia, competing for jobs between ethnicities and a lack of similarity (Assimilation) with foreigners. Patterson continues by arguing this has caused self-segregation, whereby ethnic minorities separate themselves in certain areas, and this combined...
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...polarizing effects of these intertwining cultures on the people around her, which in turn raise questions about the nature of colonialism. Tambu’ slow progression through assimilation is documented throughout the novel using food related metaphors. The interesting aspect of this novel is the correlation of food metaphors associated with Nyasha who has her own identity crisis of her own which culminates in her anorexia and bulemia. Dangarembga uses these metaphors, which relate to food, to expose the effects of cultural change. In doing so, she makes the reader question the effects of colonialism and assimilation on the Siguake family, particularly Tambu and Nyasha, and the Shona society as a whole. The novel begins with Nhamo, Siguake’s brother, going to school at the mission in which his uncle, Babumukuru, is the headmaster. The household which he originally lived in is typical of the Shona culture in comparison to the Anglicized mission. Upon his return to the household, Siguake observes his changes, many of which are attributed to his stay at the mission. Siguake mentions several distinctions, but there is one that is food related, “… where he ate sadza regularly with his fingers and meat hardly at all, never with a knife and fork” (Dangarembga 6). This simple observation leads to the issue of assimilation that has surreptitiously overcome Nhamo. Where he was formerly a contributing part of the household, Nhamo began to think of himself superior to Siguake because of...
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...Before the war started, the Indian Act was already well in place. What was once a promise between two sides, European and Indigenous settlers, was already far broken and instead of a negotiation it became a mission of cultural assimilation. From all the bad things European settlers forced upon Indigenous People, the sudden call for help in reinforcements on the front lines were very cowardly. After the world war ended, veterans returning home was a huge disrespect especially to Indigenous People. They discovered that they were not as equal as they were during the war as they were not offered the same benefits other war veterans received. Cultural assimilation was without a doubt, the Europeans goal towards Indigenous People. Maybe it was fear of being dominated by another group or maybe it was pure selfishness. A main way the government had control was by attempting to assimilate First Nations culture. Residential Schools were government sponsored programs that both educated and converted Indigenous youth into Canadians. The outcome was more negative than positive. Besides not being able to successfully provide a good education to Indigenous youth, residential schools did not have season suitable clothing, food...
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...Empowerment by Assimilation or by Self-Actualization? Beginning with the first settlers from Europe in the New World, Native Americans have persistently been exploited for their land and resources. The creation of the United States of America spawned an unprecedented explosion of immigrants flocking to America, which created tensions with Native Americans over territory. Under the Jackson presidency and approved by the U.S. Congress, the Indian Removal Act of 1830 detailed a plan for the relocation of Native Americans, later known as the Trail of Tears. Standing their ground, the Native Americans resisted the advancements of the U.S. government, creating a new wave of battles within the Indian Wars. U.S. Army captain Richard Henry...
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...AIA103 Australia New World Nation 3. Since the late 1940s, Australia has been transformed from a monocultural ‘British’ society to become one of the most racially and culturally diverse nations in the world. How would you explain this? Today, Australia is considered as one of the most successful nations in building a tolerant, inclusive, and culturally diverse society. Many people are willing to live in this land. However, the pace to this successful society is very tough. For the first 50 years of federation Australia, this country was a monocultural ‘British’ society. Most migrants came from Britain. Since the late 1940s, more people from different countries immigrate to Australia. Most of them are European migrants after World War II. This phenomenon triggered defensive reactions by the previous dominant of Anglo-Australians (Nichols, 2011). The dominant wanted to assimilate the immigrants at the first stage, but some conflicts occurred during this process. Then, the immigration policy has been changed from assimilationsm to multiculturalism. After the start of federation of Australia in 1901, the government utilized White Australia Policy to all Australians, preventing anyone to enter Australia unless they were from Britain and trying to make this country into an English-speaking, Anglo-Australian cultural one. At that time, English is the first language being spoken by above 95 per cent people in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002). Britain...
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...time it took for this movement to be achieved. By analyzing this movement readers will be more conscious about the effort, commitment, and sacrifices people were willing to make to make sure future generations would benefit from equal treatment. Most people know the broad scope of the civil rights movement. Particularly people refer to the civil rights as the movement that secured African Americans with equal access to and opportunities for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship (according to the constitution, and federal law). What people might not be aware of is that it took many small achievements before reaching this victory. To continue I also want to focus on what happens after a social movement, what has changed (good or bad) after the civil rights movement was passed. In order to answer my question I will use secondary sources such as scholarly journals acquired from CSULB library database and hope to also find a few primary sources like newspaper articles written during this time....
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...different race example Hispanic maybe black or white. In a multicultural society, when society is studied it may be discovered how races and ethnic groups are treated or how they should be treated. The disparity between the ideal and the normal occurrence will allow us to see how the society functions. It would then be impossible to study the society without emphasizing on the relations between the various groups. Observing these groups will highlight key information. All these race and ethnic groups in the multicultural societies help us to see the importance of studying all the different groups and, their interaction with each other. Race and Ethnic Relations can influence or cause actions in the wider society. If Race and Ethnic relations are bad or...
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...Ethnic stereotypes and multiculturalism. Summary of course "Ethnic psychology" Contents: 1. The concept and properties of ethnic stereotypes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 2. National prejudices. Types etnostereotipov ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .7 3. 4. Variants of the reactions to cultural diversity ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 5. Advantages and disadvantages of multiculturalism ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Bibliographic list ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 20 Introduction. Considering the cultural differences in thinking, beliefs, attitudes and behavior, it is easy to succumb to cognitive and emotional reactions to the material to begin to make generalizations, to form negative stereotypes about other people and even pre-make judgments about these differences, and people who are inherent in this behavior before you really understand what lies at its core. These processes and reactions are common in today's world, and to describe them often use the terms ethnic stereotypes, prejudice, multiculturalism, discrimination. Unfortunately, these terms are often used without a clear idea about them, which only exacerbates the problems that they need to clarify. Some of today's most pressing social issues associated with these processes, as boundaries between countries and cultures are becoming more permeable as...
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...People who think they are good, people who think they are bad, and people who are neutral, recognizing the pros and the cons. The supporters of TNCs would say that they help with connecting cultures through a common ground. They give us something in common with people all across the world. Also, lots of TNC’s give us products at a lower price thank to their huge stock. People against TNCs would argue that they ruin cultural diversity. They make everything the same all over the world assimilating us all into one collective group of people. They take advantage of cheap labour and employ their workforce at a low price range. At Walmart, a very large TNC, they even short staff their stores so the employees work harder for the same pay. People who would consider their self more neutral on the subject would definitely realize the pros and the cons of TNCs. They see how they help people get products at a low price, and create a common talking point. They also however, recognize the harsh working conditions and assimilation that TNCs...
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...laws and military force but also by the culture, ideology and religion, what made Chinese empire one whole nation, whereas Romans were only united by the military forces and not by the cultural heritage that made Chinese empire so united. There are many theories why did Roman Empire collapsed, some of them might seem stupid for example some people think that Romans went crazy because they used led in pots and they ate food which was cooked in pots made of led, so they were poisoned by led and that’s why this huge Empire ruined. Despite these kinds of theories, almost every scholar and historian says that Rome failed as an Empire because of military exhaust, the new religion in the Empire, the division of society, economic crisis and bad leadership, but the main reason why Rome could not stand the moral and economic crisis was the lack of cultural identity. As it was already mentioned Rome was a unification of countries by strict laws and...
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...Activated Charcoal: Good or Bad? Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been treated with oxygen, which makes it more porous and increases its surface area. This also increases its capacity to absorb gases and liquids, which works by chemically binding the impurities to the carbon surface. Activated charcoal is most typically utilized to remove odorous substances from the atmosphere. Wood, peat, coconut shells, coal and sawdust are the most common materials used for making activated charcoal. Activated charcoal is most commonly found in aquarium filters, drinking-water filters and air filters; and has a role in the treatment of ingested poisons for humans. What is Charcoal? Charcoal is produced from the combustion of plant material, most typically wood, and closely resembles coal. It is extensively produced in the developing world, where it is used as a fuel for cooking and heating requirements. It is produced by heating wood at a low temperature in the absence of oxygen. All that remains after this process is the black carboniferous material know as charcoal. Activated Charcoal for Human Health Activated charcoal is utilized in human health, particularly in the treatment of poisoning, where it is ingested to counter the effects of a chemical. It is generally produced in a powdered form, which can be mixed with water and consumed as a suspension, or as a food supplement for where it comes in small, readily digested tablets or capsules. This form of activated charcoal...
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...the other hand described the process of job redesign as the deliberate and yet purposeful planning of a given job and includes all of its social and structural aspects as well as the effects of these aspects on the employee. Mergers can have profound effects on the design of organizations. Certain changes may occur within the administration while other may occur within the general organizational workforce structures as well as organizational processes. There may be a need for the managerial positions to be simplified with the truncation of the redundant management positions. Some organizational functions may also need to be merged or even adjusted. As a result of politics as well as economics, there would be a need for service line assimilations during the merger. Additionally, there would be a need for the optimization of medical as well as operational procedures. The standardization of the clinical, information technology, business as well as clinical programs can be necessary for the increasing of the quality of the patient care as well as safety. This can also help in the improvement of staff as well as physician satisfaction as noted by Betka, & Mengwasser (2009). How to begin the process of job redesign The process of job redesign begins after a careful evaluation of the job to be redesigned as well as the expected quality of work life (Slocum, 1981).A consideration of Taylor’s (1911) view of job design indicates that a series of activities must be carried out in order...
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...Unification and Integration in the American Political System A serious problem among Latinos in America is finding a similarity among the many Latino cultures residing within the United States, an issue that can be better understood looking at the existing literature of the Latino’s community and political condition in order to explain their ability and opportunity to be incorporated into the American political system. The one constant for the Latino culture is similarity of language; the one difference is national origin. This difference comes from the fact that most Latino’s define themselves by their ancestral past e.g. Mexican, Spanish, Colombian, Puerto Rican or whomever their culture identifies with as far as an ancestral past and country is concerned. This said the emergence of citizens in the United States in relation to the Latino population brings with it an undefined people. Unlike other cultures in America who have an identifiable label or race i.e.: White, Black, Asian, Irish etc. for the Latino being defined as Hispanic was set by the Nixon administration and thus classified all Latinos as one people now known as Hispanic. Latinos have been compressed into a collective culture that at times cannot or will not identify with one another. (Fraga. P 517) What ultimately has occurred is one group of Americans is acknowledged by race-- while the others are compared by culture. Essayist Richard Rodriguez, editor of the Pacific News Service eloquently defines...
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