...What is Agency Problems When a principal hires an agent to carry out specific tasks, the hiring is termed a "principal-agent relationship," or simply an "agency relationship." When a conflict of interest between the needs of the principal and those of the agent arises, the conflict is called an "agency problem." In financial markets, agency problems occur between the stockholders (principal) and corporate managers (agents). While the stockholders call on the managers to take care of the company, the managers may look to their own needs first. In finance, there are two primary agency relationships: * Managers and stockholders * Managers and creditors PROBLEMS BTW STOCKHOLDERS versus MANAGER and STOCKHOLDERS versus CREDITORS... 1. Stockholders versus Managers * If the manager owns less than 100% of the firm's common stock, a potential agency problem between mangers and stockholders exists. * Managers may make decisions that conflict with the best interests of the shareholders. For example, managers may grow their firms to escape a takeover attempt to increase their own job security. However, a takeover may be in the shareholders' best interest 2. Stockholders versus Creditors * Creditors decide to loan money to a corporation based on the riskiness of the company, its capital structure and its potential capital structure. All of these factors will affect the company's potential cash flow, which is a creditors' main concern. * Stockholders...
Words: 566 - Pages: 3
...Que 1: Benefits of Accountant in the company: • Helps to keep Records Updated An Accountant can help the company to keep the records updated by keeping track on each and every transaction placed during a particular accounting period. And can also enhance the performance of the company by monitoring and reviewing the accuracy and the completeness of records of accounting and its related systems. An accountant can also maintain records of all employees of the company by keeping track on their performance and also can focus on timely processing of weekly and monthly payroll of the employees. An accountant can also keep the records updated by compiling and analyzing the information related to financial activities of the company to prepare entries to the accounts, such as general ledger accounts, document business transactions. Due to the proper updating of the records systematically by the accountant the company will be able to provide the financial information of the company to its internal and external sources whenever needed without any disputes or errors . • Paid taxes on time An Accountant can help the company by paying taxes on time. There will be no need to calculate taxes separately as it will be calculated by the accountant which will in turn save the time and hence can be used in some effective and efficient manner. Apart from this he can also provide much relevant information related to taxes like : • Amount to put aside per month for tax bills •...
Words: 5754 - Pages: 24
...Assignment You have been provided with a case study of NIKE (see Appendix 1). In your case report, identify three or four Marketing Challenges covered in this subject and address how those challenges can be met using the principles developed in this subject. Please ensure to use academic in-text references adequately to support your suggestions. Report writing format should be used Important Instructions 1. Assignments must contain proper citations and referencing using the Harvard style referred to in the AIB Style Guide, that is: a. citations (or in-text references) of quoted and paraphrased materials to support your arguments/comments, and b. a reference list relating specifically to your in-text references. 2. Your grade will be adversely affected if there is no/poor citations and/or reference list, as referred to above. 3. Assignments of this nature normally contain between 6 and 12 relevant references from different sources in the reference list. 4. All references must be from credible sources. Journals sourced from the EBSCO Host library (see Online Library User Guide on the next page) should be used first, then books, company documents and other media. 5. You are encouraged to make use of the AIB online library which can be accessed through the AIB website. 6. AIB checks assignments with anti-plagiarism software. Please carefully check your assignments before final submission to ensure that all quoted and paraphrased materials are properly cited and referenced...
Words: 2256 - Pages: 10
...Cloud Computing What is cloud computing? It is difficult to come up with a precise definition of cloud computing. In general terms, it’s the idea that your computer’s applications run somewhere on the “cloud”, that is to say, on someone else’s server accessed via the Internet. Instead of running program applications or storing data on your own computer, these functions are performed at remote servers which are connected to your computer through the Internet or other connections. In telecommunications, a “cloud” is the unpredictable part of any network through which data passes between two end points. In cloud computing the term is used to refer generally to any computer, network or system through which personal information is transmitted, processed and stored, and over which individuals have little direct knowledge, involvement, or control. With more reliable, affordable broadband access, the Internet no longer functions solely as a communications network. It has become a platform for computing. Rather than running software on your own computer or server, Internet users reach to the “cloud” to combine software applications, data storage, and massive computing power. A September 2008 Pew Internet and American Life Study found that 69% of online Americans have utilized some form of cloud computing. It’s interesting to note that cloud computing is really nothing new. It's the modern version of the 1960’s-era computer timesharing model. That model was based upon the high cost of computers...
Words: 942 - Pages: 4
...$9,7-:.8 ,7093:/9 #:3330,/ ,709:/9$9,7-:.8 $9,7-:.8 ,7093:/9 %,-0414390398 0.:9;0$:22,7 3;7432039,850.98 ,7098 :8942078 42509943 ,7093850.98 -0.9;08 $97,9008 %,.9.8 %0 4:7! 8 !74/:.9 !7.0 !,.0 !7424943 7,3,943 43.:8438,3/#0.42203/,9438 5503/.08 $9,7-:.8 ,7093:/9 0.:9;0$:22,7 $9,7-:.8,814:3/0/390 8 4503390717894.,94333$0,990 8!0 !,.0 3 $0,990 8089-0,39480947089,:7,398,3/.41100-,78 3 90.425,3 8 3,20-0.,20$9,7-:.8 %08,200,78947083.,4,3/,3,/,07045030/ 3 $9,7-:.8-0,32, 47/078,0841907574/:.98 3 $9,7-:.8089,-80/,70,943859# ,339073,943,:2,39,7,3 47,3,943 /897-:93.411008,25078 90-03334190.425,3 839073,943, 05,3843011479 3 1789894708390!,.1.07045030/,3/907574/:.93005,3/0/ 394144/ 3 05,3843.4393:0/,-74,/,3//897-:94301147980702,/0943.:/0 8:5072,7098,08/42089., :7907/0;045203941894708,3/574/:.9/88023,943,8 .4393:0/974: %4/,$9,7-:.880849,3/.4/-0;07,08 .42502039,7144/9028 .41100 70,90/ ,..0884708,3/06:52039...
Words: 7633 - Pages: 31
...Assignment 15 Study module 15 Discussing the Concepts 1. List the primary types of advertising objectives and discuss the kinds of advertising used to achieve each type. There are three primary types of advertising objectives. - Informative advertising. It is used for introducing new product category. Its objectives include: telling the market about new product, explaining the product, communicating customer value, building a image for a brand and a company, describing services and support and etc. - Persuasive advertising. Here the objective is to build selective demand. Objectives include: changing customers’ perceptions of value, encouraging switching to a brand, persuading to purchase the product, and to tell others about the product and brand. It became popular to compare ones products with another companies/organizations in a direct or indirect way. - Reminder advertising. It’s designed to keep consumers thinking about the product and to maintain customer relationships. The objectives are: maintaining customer relationships, reminding the consumers where to buy the product, to keep the product in customer’s mind during off-seasons. The type of advertising can be used: TV ads, newspaper/print ads, 2. Name and describe five of the many execution styles advertisers use when developing ads. For each execution style, describe a television commercial using that style. 1) Lifestyle – Shows how products fit into a particular lifestyle...
Words: 569 - Pages: 3
...Reliance Industries was incorporated in 1966 as Reliance Commercial Corporation. The Reliance Group was founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002). This is India's largest private sector enterprise. Reliance Industries Limited is the flagship company of Reliance Group and is India's largest private sector company. They do business in the fields of energy and materials value chain. The success of Reliance Industries is due to backward vertical integration. Reliance started its operations in the late seventies with textiles. Reliance then followed the backward vertical integration strategy in polyester, plastics, fiber intermediates, petrochemicals, petrochemicals refining, exploration, and production of oil and gas. Reliance became fully integrated with the energy and materials value chain. In 2006, after a dispute between the two sons of Dhirubhai H. Ambani, the company demerged into four different companies They are: Reliance Capital (Financial Services) Reliance Communications (Telecommunications) Reliance Energy (Utilities) Indian Petroleum Corporation Limited and Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited are the major group companies of Reliance Group. The major subsidiaries of Reliance Industries Limited are Reliance Petroleum Limited and Reliance Retail Limited. Reliance Industries is a Fortune 500 Company and it is the only private sector company in India to be included in the Fortune 500 list for the second consecutive time. The manufacturing...
Words: 448 - Pages: 2
...[pic] OUM BUSINESS SCHOOL ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION AND ASSESSMENT _________________________________________________________________________ BMME5103 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS JANUARY 2015 _________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS 1. This assignment contains question that is set in English. 2. Answer in English only. 3. Your assignment should be typed using 12 point Times New Roman font and 1.5 line spacing. 4. You must submit your hardcopy assignment to your Fasilitator and ON-LINE via the MyVLE. Refer to the portal for instructions on the procedures to submit your assignment on-line. You are advised to keep a copy of your submitted assignment and proof of the submission for personal reference. Your assignment must be submitted on 21st – 29th March 2015. 5. Your assignment should be prepared individually. You should not copy another person’s assignment. You should also not plagiarise another person’s work as your own. EVALUATION This assignment accounts for 60% of the total marks for the course. ASSIGNMENT QUESTION PART 1 PURPOSE: The purpose of PART 1 of this assignment is to enable the students to understand the fundamental economic concept and to apply his/her knowledge on factors affecting demand; in particular when more than one factors change simultaneously. REQUIREMENT: 1. The concept of a marginal use value that declines as the rate of consumption...
Words: 1941 - Pages: 8
...|Assignment brief – QCF BTEC | |Assignment front sheet | |Qualification |Unit number and title | |BTEC |11: Systems Analysis and Design | |Learner name | Assessor name | | |Bilal Sarwar | |Date issued | Hand in deadline |Submitted on | |16/10/2015 |06/11/2015 | | | | | |Assignment title |FMZ Consultancy: Assignment 1 | |In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence...
Words: 1099 - Pages: 5
...Assignment 2.1 E5-1 Assumed a firm makes a $2,500 deposit into its money market account. If this account is currently paying 0.7% (yes, that’s right, less than 1%!), what will the account balance be after 1 year? The answer is $2,517.5 E5-2 If Bob and Judy combine their savings of $1,260 and $975, respectively, and deposit this amount into an account that pays 2% annual interest, compounded monthly, what will the account balance be after 4 years? The answer is $2,419.2358 E5-3 Gabrielle just won $2.5 million in the state lottery. She is giving the option of receiving a total of $1.3 million now, or she can elect to be paid $100,000 at the end of each of the next 25 years. If Gabrielle can earn 5% annually on her investments, from a strict economic point of view which option should she take? If Gabrielle decided to take the lump sum of $1.3 million and invest it all for 1 year she would have $13,650,000. If Gabrielle decides to take the $100,000 at the end of each year and invest it for the next 25 years she could have at the end $3,386,354. I would invest the lump sum of $1.3 million for one year and make $13,650,000. E5-4 Your firm has an option of making an investment in new software that will cost $130,000 today and is estimated to provide savings shown in the following table over its 5-year life: year Savings estimate 1 $35,000 2 ...
Words: 806 - Pages: 4
...ADMN 233 Assignment 3 Part 1 Routine E-Mail Messages and Memos 25 marks (Questions 1 and 2) Refer as needed to material in Chapter 8. Read the instructions for each activity. Answer all questions clearly and concisely. Include examples to support your answers. Activity A – Routine memo Read the following scenario and respond to the question that follows. Scenario 1: Performance Assessment Judith Halls, Manager of Human Resources at The Maritime Fish Packing Cooperative, wrote the following first draft of a reply memo. | The Maritime Fish Packing Cooperative | |Interoffice Memo | | | |Date: December 4, 2009 | | | |To: Michael Foreman, President ...
Words: 4353 - Pages: 18
...DEFINITIONS Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Today, in the United States as in other countries populated largely by immigrants, the culture is influenced by the many groups of people that now make up the country. * Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. * Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people. * Culture is communication, communication is culture. * Culture in its broadest sense is cultivated behavior; that is the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior through social learning. * A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. * Culture is symbolic communication. Some of its symbols include a group's skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives. The meanings of the symbols are learned and deliberately perpetuated in a society through its institutions...
Words: 634 - Pages: 3
...The firm's tax rate is 40%. The current price of the 12% coupon, semiannual payment, non-callable bonds with 15 years to maturity is $1,153.72. New bonds could be issued with no flotation costs. The current price of the firm's 10% $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116.95. The flotation costs on a new issue would be 5% of the proceeds. 4. The current price of the common stock is $50 per share. The last dividend was $4.19, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5%. The firm's beta is 1.2, the yield on T-bonds is 7%, and the market risk premium is 6%. 5. The target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60% common equity. Procedure 1. What sources of capital should be included when you estimate XYZ's WACC? The WACC is used primarily for making long-term capital investment decisions, I.E., for capital budgeting. Thus, the WACC should include the types of capital used to pay for long-term assets, and this is typically long-term debt, preferred stock (if used), and common stock. Short-term sources of capital consist of (1) spontaneous, noninterest-bearing liabilities such as accounts payable and accruals and (2) short-term interest-bearing debt, such as notes payable. If the firm uses short-term interest-bearing debt to acquire fixed assets rather than just to finance working capital needs, then the wacc should include a short-term debt component. Noninterest bearing debt is generally not...
Words: 776 - Pages: 4
...Famine Andrea Knowles Ethics and moral reasoning PHI 208 Edwin Teall 10-29-2013 Explain Singer`s goal in this article, and then present Singer`s argument that supports his position. I think Singer`s goal here is to inform people of the famine of a Bengal, starving country, and to show us that making certain decisions, proper decisions or contributions from the more wealthy will not only benefit ourselves but the others around us. The people whom make the decisions are of course our governments and they saw that building a new Opera House in Australia or the Anglo-French Concorde project was of more importance at the time rather than helping those people live. He states in his article that people are dying and becoming refugees because of the choices someone had made. For example the Civil War, Someone told us we had to fight instead of working together and look at where it left us. It says in his article that other nations have the capacity to help, but it seems as if they were not willing. Singer suggests that it should be a morality to help those in need without causing the same disaster upon them. Explain three counter-arguments to Singer`s position that he addresses in the article, and then summarize Singer`s responses to them. Singer states, “ he shall argue that the way people in relatively affluent countries react to a situation like that in Bengal cannot be justified; indeed, the whole way we look at moral issues-our moral conceptual scheme- needs to...
Words: 1297 - Pages: 6
...Requirements: 1. Department (number of employees) | word processing | spreadsheet | database | presentation | accounting | | Sales (112) | 10.3 | 6.7 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 6.3 | | Operations (82) | 3.9 | 29.9 | 7.9 | 1.2 | 6.1 | | Accounting (55) | 13.6 | 65.5 | 14.9 | 4.5 | 45.5 | | Average for each program (Company) | 9.3 | 34.0 | 10.3 | 3.4 | 19.3 | | Note: the red bolded numbers are the highest software usage for that particular department for all programs, with the average being at the bottom. 2. I would recommend training for the programs that are most used in each department. For example, in Sales I would recommend that they train in word processing as the most hours on average are spent on that program. For operations and accounting, the use of spreadsheets take up most of their time spent on software and thus I would train in the use of spreadsheets. 3. For the entire company, word processing takes up 9.3 hours on average, spreadsheets take the most at 34 hours, database take 10.3, presentation is last with only 3.4 and accounting comes in second at 19.3. If I were to recommend only one training program, I would suggest that training be spent on spreadsheets as they are used the most by the departments collectively. They are also the main program used for both operations and accounting by large margins. 4. I think that graphs show a better understanding of the differences in program use between not only the programs themselves but also the different...
Words: 626 - Pages: 3
