...Assumption one management needs more information. Basically the first assumption is saying that management needs more information because there's a lack of relevant information given to managers. According to Ackoff he does not agree that this is the most important deficiencies that management faces due to the need of management information. Instead he feels that they suffer from having too much of irrelevant information, To some degree I can agree with Ackoff's contention. I'm working in different business office settings I can agree with the author when he says that most managers receive more data than they can possibly absorb in a given day. It is true that managers are swamped piles of information and data whether it be physically or electronically. Because I am not a manager I cannot specifically say that management needs some more information however I feel it is appropriate and more efficient to have the information that you need Than information that is not needed or irrelevant or a waste. At the end of the day it is the responsibility of management to in sure that things are efficient and that resources I used accordingly perhaps if workers and management focused on soley and exactly what was needed for the company the assumption that management needs more information may be looked at from a different angle. Assumptions 2: managers need the information they want This assumption basically says that management information system designers Ask managers what information...
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...Four assumptions interfering with critical thinking that occur often are the assumption that others familiar with the problem or issue will share your enthusiasm for your ideas; that small imperfections in your idea will not affect people’s acceptance of it; the assumption that if your idea is clear to you, it will be clear to others; and the assumption that the people who stand to benefit most from your idea will accept it automatically without any persuasion on your part. Others that are faced with the same problem as you might share the same amount of enthusiasm in your idea. They could have already given the situation some thought and have their own ideas about how to solve the problem. They may begin to defend their idea and turn the problem into an issue or deepen the existing issue. Assuming that small imperfections will not affect people's acceptance can also affect peoples critical thinking. People who disagree with you ideas will use any mistake in your plan to discredit your idea. A way to prevent this is by using your ego in this situation. Detailed preparation will reduce if not eliminate the amount of flaws in your plan. Assuming that if your idea is clear to you, it will be clear to others. This is not true. I have tried to express an idea that seems very clear to me, yet I can tell that I lost everyone by the confused look on everyone's face. It is the speakers job to ensure that his or her audience will understand the message. This requires...
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...ASSUMPTIONS Perfect Plastics, Inc. will manufacture utensil under contract for $0.60 per unit. $10,500 is due in August on the production mould. Monthly administrative expenses total $3,750 once production has started. Perfect Plastics would not begin production without a 50% deposit and the remainder is due before any units would be released for sale. Using the single-cavity mould, monthly production capacity is about 40,000 units. Ken wishes to maintain a minimum of 10,000 units inventory; however, if inventory exceeds 10,000 units, warehouse space would have to be rented at a cost of $200 per month. The warehouse space has a capacity of 35,000 units and can be leased on a monthly basis; no annual lease is required. Lease payments are due the month following the actual lease. Perfect Plastics requires production runs of at least 5,000 units. Ken's single cavity mould could be obsolete after producing only 162,000 units if he decided to buy the new two-cavity mould. Ken's accountant suggested that a depreciation charge of $0.125 per unit be used in pro-forma statements to account for wear and tear and absolescence of the mould. A combined depreciation charge of $0.015 per unit was recommended for the package mould and tool and dies. Also, $10 a month was allowed for depreciation of office equipment, which was to be considered an administrative expense. Products will be packaged the same month that they are produced for a cost of $0.375 per unit (material cost...
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...Assumptions and Fallacies HUM/111, Professor Jennifer Morin What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? Assumptions are beliefs or ideas of something with no proof of evidence. Assumptions interfere with our critical thinking because we aren’t utilizing our skills to our best knowledge. It hinders individuals to think critical because we have that perpetual block that stops us from looking at every angle of the equation. We allow our assumptions to take direction instead of preventing and looking at the situation to choose the truth about the situation. In order to avoid using assumptions we need to examine all evidence to make our argument valid. Also we need to be more open minded to different situations and solutions instead of just assuming the outcome or reason. Furthermore, we need to stop assuming and start asking the right questions and by doing so we can think critically without our bias ideas opinions in a situation. Assuming in anything can be potential hazardous not just in critical thinking. What are fallacies? How are fallacies used in written, oral, and visual arguments? What might you do to avoid fallacies in your thinking? Fallacies are defined as a mistaken belief and based on an illogical argument. Fallacies are used in many things we see or hear. Fallacies are glorified fabrications of the truth. They are used in writing to get the reader...
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...Assumption Paper Understanding Worldviews PHL 215 David Back 03/19/13 Evil is a word that is in every person’s vocabulary. It does not matter what religion or if you have no religion at all. We might have a different perspective of the meaning but we all know that there is evil in this world. It does not matter if you believe the people are evil or if you believe that evil is a supernatural force in them. When Jesus cast the demon out of the man he was talking to evil. He was talking to someone other than the physical man that he was speaking to. Evil to me can be both the person and the supernatural force that can take that person over. Watching this video of 9/11 and the way it affected people was very touching and at the same time very irritating to me. I am a Christian and I do believe in evil but once something like this happens it shows that even the people that think that they have so much faith can lose all that faith that they think that they had in a split second. I know that this was hard and I know that I cannot relate with these people as far as losing a loved one in this catastrophe but out of this catastrophe you can relate it to everyday things that happen. It might not be as EXTREME but it does fit. To hear someone say “this is the best reason to not believe in God” saddened my heart but also made me think about how many people say that after every bad and evil thing that happens. God is not the reason that any evil thing happened. It was said perfectly...
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...terms. The School District provides educational services as authorized by state and/or local guidelines. The School District currently operates 3 instructional/support facilities staffed by 74 certificated employees and 41 non-certificated employees who provide services to 900 students and other community members. Note 2 – Nature of the Forecast This financial forecast presents, to the best of the Manchester Local School District Board of Education’s knowledge and belief, the expected revenues, expenditures and operating balance of the general fund. Accordingly, the forecast reflects the Board of Education’s judgment of the expected conditions and its expected course of action as of September 26, 2007, the date of this forecast. The assumptions disclosed herein are those that management believes are significant to the forecast. Differences between the forecasted and actual results will usually arise because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and those differences may be material. Note 3 – Nature of the Presentation The forecast presents the revenues, expenditures, and changes in fund balance of the...
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...“Don’t run. By the silence it renders its solitude. Please don’t run” Peter plead, as Tom ran across the narrow hall, and sheltered himself, along with peter, in a dim room. Peter, a smart young boy with a cautious behavior, never really enjoyed adventure, however; he never really enjoyed being oblivious either, and Tom, a dimwitted little boy with a personality of a potato, always enjoyed dragging Peter along with him on his crazy schemes. “I told you, everything will be fine!” Whispered Tom strongly as he slowly tries to calm Peter down, “All we have to do is find them, and then we’ll scram, you dig?” A week earlier, as the boys were crossing out their to-do list, over heard a woman with information, information which was so important to them. They had thought it to be imperceptible. They dropped their jaws and shook to their knees, their mind imploded as they heard the unceasing sound of joy in their heads. “Do you believe it Peter, they’re finally here!” Said Tom as his head bobbed, “I told you we would find them!” Peter, worried as always, slowly began to twitch out of fear “We should just um… pretend we never heard it, Okay?” stammered Peter, and with a quick smack over the head, Tom shouted “ARE YOU JOKING?” The boys encroached a small dim room, filled with female clothing and smelled of a strong fruity scent, Peter began to slowly tear up, and whimpered “Tom, please I don’t want to do this anymore, what if she catches us, SHE WILL KILL US!” Tom,...
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...Assumptions and Fallacies Robin Combs HUM/111 August 9, 2013 Alicia Carter-Watts Assumptions and Fallacies * Assumptions are when something is taken for granted. When assumptions are made the facts are sometimes overlooked. Unfortunately, assumptions are often incorrect, and can cause huge misunderstandings or ever hurt others feelings. By assuming something, the thought process is interrupted, leaving the thinker short. When one assumes answers to their questions, or problems they no longer feel the need to think about that particular topic any longer, this is very bad for the critical thinking process. In order to avoid assumptions I will not accept answers to my questions without explanation, or proof that it is correct. It is unfair to many when assumptions are accepted, especially if they are not correct. By avoiding assumptions, I can improve my critical thinking process, and expand my knowledge. Although sometimes a correct assumption can save thinking time, it does not help the person making the assumption learn how to problem solve, or research. Some other types of assumptions might be called a guess, a theory, a hypothesis, or several other names. Regardless of what it’s called it is a type of assumption. * A fallacy is an incorrect belief. Unfortunately, fallacies too often slip through the cracks of thinking. By do research, and carefully inspecting information before accepting it as fact, these fallacies can be revealed. An example of a fallacy is the...
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...Assumptions of accounting provide a foundation for the accounting process. There are two main assumptions the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity. The monetary unit assumption requires that companies include in the accounting records only the transactions data that can be expressed in terms of money. This type of assumption allows accounting to see a quantity or measure of economic events. This is vital for the company to apply the cost principle. This type of assumption also prevents the inclusion of some irrelevant information in the accounting records. Economic entity assumptions can be any organization or unit in society. This assumption requires that the activities of the entity be kept separate from the activities of the owner. The principles of accounting can be described by saying that there are certain standards such as accepted accounting principles that indicate how to report economic events. The security and exchange commission is the agency of the US government that oversees the U.S. markets. The financial accounting standards board is the primary accounting standard in the U.S. One important principle is the cost principle because it dictates that companies record assets and their cost. Cost can be easily verified but market value is often subjective. The constraints of accounting are the limitations of providing financial information that exist in the financial reporting environment. One of these limitations is the cost of providing financial...
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...What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? An assumption is something that we normally take for granted. We believe it to be true because of something that we are basing it on from a prior experience. We assume that our beliefs are true and we normally will use these assumptions to the way we look at the world around us. While assumptions are a part of our critical thinking which really an everyday occurrence is, we do this to be able to make sense of what we are told or what we are thinking. An assumption is like a judgment we interpret things differently than then next person, and even though we need to learn to take a step back and not listen to what we think is right, we usually do without thinking further. Interfering with our critical thinking is because we automatically think that we know that what we are assuming is to be correct, by doing this we are clouding our critical thinking of something or someone. We need to learn to look at the important part of the question to analyze it and not let our previous thoughts cloud it. What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? Something we might think about to make sure that we are not making assumptions is to look at the big picture, look at the facts, even research facts to make sure we have a clear and concise knowledge of the issue or question we are thinking or talking about. What are fallacies? How are fallacies used in written, oral,...
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...Assumptions and Fallacies 1.) An assumption is something you believe to be true without having proof that it is. Making an assumption is when there is not a solid basis to determine its factuality on. It is something we have determined without evaluating all of the facts and we come to a conclusion that may be not well thought out. An assumption can interfere with critical thinking by altering how we evaluate situations. We may avoid thoroughly thinking something through because we have already assumed certain things about the situation. We should try to be clear and concise and ask open questions in order to clarify a situation and listen to every aspect of it before making a decision. We have to remember not everyone is as excited about things just because we are. Also realizing that if there are imperfections in our ideas not everyone will necessarily accept it anyways. Using critical thinking before coming to a conclusion on a situation is the best idea to avoid making assumptions. 2.) Fallacies are beliefs that form a thought on that something is true when it is not true. It is something that may appear good and look how we want it to but it is false and deceptive. It is made to look a certain way under false pretenses. The arguments for fallacies are unsound and distort reality. They are misrepresentations of the truth or of a situation. Fallacies are used in written, oral, and visual arguments to draw people in. They will make it appeal to the audiences senses because...
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...Assumptions & Fallacies HUM/111 April 17, 2014 Pam Strunk Assumptions & Fallacies 1) What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? Elder, L. & Paul, R. (2002) define assumptions as "is something we take for granted or presuppose" 25 (3), 34. It is imperative to identify what we believe on the basis of an argument, as opposed to what we know. Develop critical thinking made us able to abstract our prejudices and preconceptions acquired through our life experience. These assumptions incorporate our paradigms and stereotypes. What we get through the reasoning of the information and assumptions are the interpretations that draws conclusions and give meaning to the data. With inferences, we take only what is apparent from the evidence. Therefore, I have to check whether inferences are logical. Our conclusions are often distorted by our interests. We must ensure that our conclusions will be the focus of all relevant information and that we have not excluded the information that does not support our preconceived ideas. 2) What are fallacies? What might you do to avoid using this particular fallacy in your thinking? Fallacy is an argument that is not valid or wrong, but with the appearance of correct reasoning. It is a misleading or erroneous reasoning, but it aims to be convincing or persuasive. Fallacious reasoning does not necessarily have a false conclusion, and right or valid reasoning...
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...Associate Level Material Assumptions and Fallacies Write a 150- to 200-word response to each of the following sets of questions: • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? Assumptions are beliefs or ideas of something that have not been proven to be true, or have no proof of evidence. Assumptions can also be a part of our belief system that we do not question, or that we have previously learned due to our interpretation of the world around us. Assumptions can interfere with our critical thinking because we do not stop to think about them, so we are not utilizing our critical thinking skills to the best of our ability. This can hinder our ability to think critically because it is a perpetual block that prevents us from looking at every angle of the situation or searching for the truth in the matter. In order to avoid making assumptions in our thinking, it is important to examine all of the evidence surrounding the situation, and gain control of your thought processes. We must also remain open minded to various situations or solutions, ask the right questions, and recognize things that could interfere with critical thinking like our own bias, or opinions surrounding the situation. Assuming anything could not only be hazardous for the critical thinking process, but for everyone involved in the situation. • What are fallacies? How are fallacies...
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...Assumptions and Fallacies Write a 150- to 200-word response to each of the following sets of questions: • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? Assumptions are beliefs or ideas that we have with little evidence or facts. Assumptions can interfere with critical thinking in a major way. If we are working with a group and we assume that the others we work with are less knowledgeable then we may not listen to their ideas or opinions. If we assume that our ideas or opinions are better than those in our group we could hurt the group and brush aside and good ideas. When trying to avoid assumptions we must try to experience something first hand, or talk to those who have first-hand knowledge of it. Talking to those with first-hand experience or experiencing it ourself it will help set aside any assumptions that we may have had. • What are fallacies? How are fallacies used in written, oral, and visual arguments? What might you do to avoid fallacies in your thinking? Fallacies are misleading, deceptive, or false notion. Fallacies used in writing, visual, or oral arguments try to hide the fact that there is a lack of logic and intentionally try to mislead us. Showing someone a visual picture with misleading number can still persuade people a certain way. When trying to avoid fallacies we have to look at facts and logic. When reviewing all the facts and...
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...Associate Level Material Assumptions and Fallacies Write a 150- to 200-word response to each of the following sets of questions: • What are assumptions? How do you think assumptions might interfere with critical thinking? What might you do to avoid making assumptions in your thinking? • What are fallacies? How are fallacies used in written, oral, and visual arguments? What might you do to avoid fallacies in your thinking? Cite and reference any sourced material consistent with Associate Level Writing Style Handbook guidelines. 1. According to The Random House Dictionary, assumptions is the act of taking for granted or supposing, act of taking to or upon oneself, act of taking possession, arrogance or presumption. In the reading from this week assumption is to take for granted, to expect things will be a certain way because they have been in the past or you want them that way. Assumptions effect critical thinking because if you take something for granted you may not think objectively about something. When I hear the word assume, It reminds me of a saying (to assume makes an *** out of you and me!) this saying helps me keep things in perspective and will assist in the critical thinking process. One way to avoid assumptions is to ask questions (play devils advocate) of the situation or material that you are working on. By getting a different perspective from someone else and compare your way of thinking to theirs to see if there are any flaws. By looking...
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