...(Chief of Department) MEDICINE __________________________________________ DATE ______________ (PIC/Designee) NURSING ___________________________________________ DATE ______________ (Director of Nursing Practice) ADMINISTRATION ___________________________________ DATE ______________ (Medical Group Administrator) IV. PRACTITIONERS FUNCTION UNDER THIS STANDARDIZED PROCEDURE: Current list of authorized personnel are on file in the office of the Medical Group Administrator and department manager. PROTOCOLS: Childhood Asthma Acute Asthma Chronic Asthma References: Attached CHILDHOOD ASTHMA PROTOCOL I. RATIONALE This protocol will assist in the history, symptoms, physical exam, diagnostic tests, treatment, and follow-up visit for Childhood Asthma II. SYMPTOMS A. Acute 1. Dyspnea 2. Hypoxemia 3. Tachypnea 4. Use of accessory muscles 5. Loud wheezing 6. Fatigue 7. Diaphoresis 8. Anxiety 9. Apprehension 10. Respiratory failure...
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...be taken to protect the non-smoker from critical health problems. Surprisingly enough, the average individual has no idea how harmful these toxins, carcinogens, and chemicals really are for their body and the environment around them. Individuals who smoke must educate themselves about the risks of secondhand smoke so they can take into account for others safety because it has been linked to respiratory health effects in children, it has been linked to certain infections in children, and it increases the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Illnesses, diseases, and infections are all side effects toward children when exposed to secondhand smoke. Small children have been diagnosed with aliments such as pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, and upper respiratory infections...
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...Diseases caused by Smoking * Chronic Bronchitis * Emphycema * Lung Cancer Signs and Symptoms Lung Cancer * Chronic Cough - A cough that you have had for a month is chronic. This is an important early symptom. It tells you something is wrong with your respiratory system. * Shortness of Breath - Shortness of breath that doesn’t go away after exercising, or that you have after little or no exertion, is not normal. Labored or difficult breathing – the feeling that it is hard to breathe in or breathe out - is also a warning sign. * Chronic Mucus Production - Mucus, also called sputum or phlegm, is produced by the airways. It is a defense response to infections or irritants. If your mucus production has lasted a month, this could indicate lung disease. * Wheezing - Noisy breathing or wheezing is a sign that something unusual is blocking your lungs’ airways or making them too narrow. * Coughing up Blood - If you are coughing up blood, the blood may be coming from your lungs or upper respiratory tract. Whatever the source of the blood, it is a sign of a health problem. * Chronic Chest Pain – Unexplained chest pain that lasts for a month or more – especially if it gets worse when you breathe in or cough – can also be a warning sign. Choronic Bronchitis * Chronic bronchitis, a long-term inflammation of the bronchi (large airways), is characterized by coughing productively over a long period of time. Emphycema ...
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...References Arizona Department of Health Services (2008). Bureau of Tobacco Education and Prevention Strategic Plan for A Tobacco-Free Arizona. Retrieved from www.azdhs.gov/tobaccofreearizona/reports/pdf/tfa_strategic-plan.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to(2013). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/ HealthMed, 2011. Relationship Between Prenatal Smoking and Respiratory Illness in Infants. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu References Arizona Department of Health Services (2008). Bureau of Tobacco Education and Prevention Strategic Plan for A Tobacco-Free Arizona. Retrieved from www.azdhs.gov/tobaccofreearizona/reports/pdf/tfa_strategic-plan.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to(2013). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/health_effects/ HealthMed, 2011. Relationship Between Prenatal Smoking and Respiratory Illness in Infants. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu Tida Bayoh Tida Bayoh Effects of Smoking to Infants Effects of Smoking to Infants Resources Available * Arizona Department of Health Services Community 602-542-1040 * Tobacco Free Kids 202-296-5469 * American Cancer Society 602-224-0524 * Center for Disease...
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...ASTHMA BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory system in which the airway occasionally constricts, becomes inflamed, and is lined with excessive amounts of mucus, often in response to one or more triggers. These episodes may be triggered by such things as exposure to an environmental stimulant (or allergen), cold air, warm air, moist air, exercise or exertion, or emotional stress. In children, the most common triggers are viral illnesses such as those that cause the common cold. This airway narrowing causes symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The airway constriction responds to bronchodilators. Between episodes, most patients feel well but can have mild symptoms and they may remain short of breath after exercise for longer periods of time than the unaffected individual. Signs and symptoms In some individuals asthma is characterized by chronic respiratory impairment. In others it is an intermittent illness marked by episodic symptoms that may result from a number of triggering events, including upper respiratory infection, stress, airborne allergens, air pollutants (such as smoke or traffic fumes), or exercise. An acute exacerbation of asthma is referred to as an asthma attack. The clinical hallmarks of an attack are shortness of breath (dyspnea) and either wheezing or stridor. Although the former is "often regarded as the sine qua non of asthma," some patients present primarily with coughing...
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...Nursing Care Plan The patient is , a 72 year old man who has been admitted for dyspnea or shortness of breath. reported that he has been coughing for the past week and his coughing has accompanied sputum discharge. His past medical history includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. He used to smoke but has stopped since a year ago for economical reasons as well as it is also bad for his asthma. His bowel movements have also been irregular since his admission. He also reported that he is feeling depressed and fearful about the future. Further examination revealed that he has crackles in his left lower lobe with diffuse expiratory wheezing throughout his chest. Chest percussion also revealed his left lower lobe to be dull. Needs / Problems Goals Interventions Evaluation Dyspnea or shortness of breath Use the visual analog scale (VAS) to make an objective assessment of dyspnea. The VAS is a 100-mm vertical line with end points of 0 and 10. zero is equated with no dyspnea and 10 is equated with the worst brethlessness the client has experienced ( & , 2004) Dyspnea is difficult to quantify and to treat (Potter & Perry, 2004). Interventions need to be individualized for each patient, and more than one therapy is usually implemented. The underlying process that causes or worsens dyspnea must be treated and stabilized initially. Three additional therapies have to be implemented: pharmacological measures, physical techniques,...
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...HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN ALONE Let's say it's 6.15pm and you're going home (alone of course), ...after an unusually hard day on the job. You're really tired, upset and frustrated. Suddenly you start experiencing severe pain in your chest that starts to drag out into your arm and up into your jaw. You are only about five miles (8kms) from the hospital nearest your home. Unfortunately you don't know if you'll be able to make it that far. You have been trained in CPR, but the guy that taught the course did not tell you how to perform it on yourself..!! NOW HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN ALONE.. Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, without help, the person whose heart is beating improperly and who begins to feel faint, has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness. However, these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very vigorously.A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest. A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart is felt to be beating normally again. Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm. In this way, heart attack victims can get to a...
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...or diagnose the patient. So I feel the doctor did the right thing in this scenario. The word I chose was Non-maleficence I chose this word because the doctor reframed from using ineffective treatment or malice. Example: I took my son into the hospital when he was three months old. I told them he was constantly throwing up, scratching himself, and having trouble breathing. Instead of the doctors doing x-rays, blood test and etc., they gave my son a prescription for Benadryl, infant Tylenol and told me to keep him hydrated. I took my son home that night I woke up about 12 to feed him and my son was flushed and not breathing. I rushed my son to they told me if I hadn’t did CPR on him he would of died. My son was diagnosed with chronic asthma, Gerd, and he had an allergic children’s reaction to the Benadryl. Point being they took what I said his symptoms were and ran with...
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...Ethnographic research: oral interview 4-5 pages double spaced An ethnography is a long term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion in and, optimally, participation in that group. Ethnography provides a detailed exploration of group activity and may include the collection of historical information and in-person interviews of members of the group. It is an approach which employs multiple methodologies to arrive at a theoretically comprehensive understanding of a group or culture. Ethnography attempts to explain the web of interdependence of group behaviors and interactions. In this assignment, you will interview a disabled or chronically ill person and make observations about the person based on your understanding of what it means to be a member of this social category. Remember that disability and chronic illness include both visible and invisible elements, and that there is great variation in age, class, ethnicity, and gender identity. You may also interview the parent of a child with a disability as long as the parent can speak on behalf of the child’s social experience or experience in society. You will use your knowledge of course concepts related to disability identity and group belonging. The interview can take place in person or, if absolutely necessary, over Skype, but not on the phone. It is important that you read facial expressions and have a sense of the respondent’s non-verbal communication. You should find out as much as you can...
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...suffer from sneezing at certain times? Do you get itching eyes, nose or mouth? If so, then you are showing the symptoms of a person who is allergic to something in the air we call an "allergen". An allergen is any substance that will provoke an allergy. We call hay fever, "allergic rhinitis" which is a more accurate term. The seasonal hay fever reaction can occur one or two days after exposure, particularly after rain - the rain water causing the bursting of pollen grains. The pollen grains being the "trigger". Similarly, pollen grains encountering the moist surface of the inside of the nose, will rapidly burst to discharge their allergy-causing proteins right on the spot. If you also have asthma, this can also be caused by the same allergens that cause your hayfever. If your asthma is due to pollen it tends to begin later in the pollen season than hayfever. You should suspect hayfever in its broader sense, if you tend to sneeze or get a runny nose in the presence of a pet animal, when near dried leaves or rotting wood, feathers or in dusty areas or near specific substances, particularly chemicals. WHAT IS HAY FEVER? Hay fever in its strictest meaning is confined to pollen allergy. However, in popular understanding it is taken to mean a runny nose due to allergy. There are a number of allergies that will cause a runny nose (allergic rhinitis) and pollen is only one of these. Hayfever triggers include not only grass, flower and tree pollens, but also animal fur,...
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...visible health impairment would know and not be surprised when something happens. Pg 84 * Although when health impairments are invisible some people may not be known as really ill and get the treatment and excess aid they need. Pg. 84 * They also may interact in activities that could be dangerous to them. Pg. 84 Asthma 3. Define Asthma and provide 4 facts about it. * Definition * Asthma is the most common pulmonary disease of childhood. Pg. 84 * 4 Facts * Asthma can begin in infancy or develop later in life. Pg. 84 * Asthma is a disease in result of many factors in that genetic predisposition interacts with circumstances in the environment. Pg. 85 * It develops beginning with allergen-induced inflammation followed by a consolidation phase characterized by increased allergen responsiveness and structural changes. Pg. 85 * Asthma occurs as a result of the body’s immune system and is diagnosed through physical examination. Pg. 85 3A. List 4 symptoms of asthma * Wheezing Pg. 85 * Difficulty breathing Pg. 85 * Chest constrictions Pg. 85 * Sweating Pg. 85 4. Explain why it is important to treat asthma promptly....
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...Discharge Plan Making arrangements for discharge planning is an extremely important and very detailed part of a patient’s care. Preparing a patient for discharge involves a multidisciplinary team, financial planning, and educating the patient, family, and everyone who is involved in the patients care. “The discharge plan is the mechanism that guides a multidisciplinary effort to achieve the successful transfer of the respiratory care patient from the health care facility to an alternative site.”(1) A discharge plan includes an evaluation of the patient and their needs, the site of where the patient will be discharged to, the patient’s resources financial situation. Homecare can be a financial burden on patients who are chronically ill and in need of continued care. The case manager will investigate all options and contact agencies for financial assistance if needed. Within the last ten years much advancement has been made including better respiratory equipment and government initiatives that help reimburse for the equipment. The PPS (prospective payment system) was initiated by Medicare for the purpose of reimbursement for different types of respiratory equipment. The case manager has one of the most important roles in the planning and arrangements of a patients discharge plan. The case manager is in daily contact with the physician, nursing staff, respiratory therapists, and social services regarding the patients’ problems and needs. Social services will work...
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...Outline and evaluate research into the relationship between the immune system and stress related illness (12 marks) Taylor McAndrew AO1 Cohen et al (1993) investigated the role of general life stress on vulnerability to the common cold virus. He found that the chance of developing a cold, i.e. failing to fight off the infection, was significantly correlated with stress index scores. Cohen et al. concluded that life stress and negative emotions reduce the effectiveness of our immune system, leaving participants less able to resist viral infection. A02 Support for research into the relationship between the immune system and stress related illness came from studies such as Evans and Edgington (1991) who found that the probability of developing a cold was significantly correlated with negative events in the proceeding days. Research findings from Cohen et al. and Kiecolt-Glaser et al. both demonstrated that life stress could reduce or impair immune function eventhough they used didfferent methods. This would indicate that stress does have a negative effect on the immune system. However other research evidence indicates that stress does not always have a negative effect on the immune system. In a major meta-review by Segerstrom and Miller (2004), they concluded that acute short-lasting stressors lead to an unregulation of natural immunity which indicates that short-lasting stressors is beneficial to the immune function which does not support Cohen et al. and Kiecolt-Glasers...
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...is a key, in preventing the possibility of being diagnosed with either of the two. This also enables the ability to spot the early stage symptoms of these deadly diseases. The lungs are used for breathing, the many diseases found there mostly cause difficulty to this function. A series of mutations in normal lung cells which causes them to become abnormal and grow out of control is how lung cancer arises. These abnormal cells are unable to repair the damaged DNA, and as a result grow to form tumors. Lung Cancer can appear anywhere throughout the lungs. Lung disease is a bit different however. The trachea, a tube located in the throat branches into two tubes which connect the lungs. This is where some lung diseases are found such as asthma, bronchitis and emphysema. Within the lungs are tubes that branch and become progressively smaller throughout the lungs eventually to a dead end cluster of air sacs...
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...Lung cancer and COPD Cyndi Morris COMP/155 September 12, 2013 Laura Prunsky Why would someone continue to smoke, knowing the risk involved? This is a question people ask every day. It is not only a risk for the smoker, but also for innocent people all around them. Did you know that second hand smoke is now a known cause in cancer? With widely publicized information on the health and environmental consequences of smoking, people still choose to smoke cigarettes. This leads to serious lifelong illnesses such as: lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Though lung cancer and COPD share common environmental risk factors, each disease has different symptoms and treatment options. Although the consequences of smoking is known, the death statistics of cancer patients is at best, jaw dropping. Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues (1). There are five leading behavioral and dietary risk factors that cause about 30% of cancer deaths: high body mass index, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for cancer causing 22% of global cancer deaths and 71% of global lung cancer deaths (2). This year alone, lung cancer was responsible for 159,480 deaths and there are 228,190 new cases of lung cancer. (Who, 2013). Tobacco smoke, chewing tobacco, or in the presence of tobacco smoke are...
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