...UNIVERSITATEA “DUNĂREA DE JOS”, GALAȚI FACULTATEA DE ECONOMIE ȘI ADMINISTRAREA AFACERILOR SPECIALIZAREA: AFACERI INTERNAȚIONALE REFERAT LA DISCIPLINA „DOCTRINE ECONOMICE CONTEMPORANE” tEMĂ: Modelul economic creat de J. M. Keynes pentru explicarea dezechilibrelor din economia de piață contemporană tEMĂ: Modelul economic creat de J. M. Keynes pentru explicarea dezechilibrelor din economia de piață contemporană Cadru didactic coordonator: Lect. dr. Ludmila Daniela MANEA Student: Genoveva Virginia GROSU Anul III 2015 Cuprins Introducere 2 1. Modelul economic creat de J.M. Keynes 3 1.1. Caracteristicile modelului creat de Keynes 3 2. Componentele definitorii ale modelului economico-matematic al lui J. M. Keynes 4 2.1. Variabilele 4 2.1.1. Variabilele endogene 4 2.1.2. Variabile exogene 5 2.2. Relațiile dintre variabile 7 2.3. Parametrul, “multiplicatorul investițonal” (K) 8 Bibliografie 10 Introducere De-a lungul evoluţiei sale istorice, ştiinţa a căutat să analizeze fenomenele complexe cu ajutorul modelelor abstracte. Natura umană şi variaţia relaţiilor care se stabilesc într-o societate formează un câmp de cercetare întins şi pasionant, propice declanşării unor multiple controverse. Utilizarea matematicii pentru rezolvarea unor probleme economice suscită reticenţe profunde şi nejustificate. Mulţi teoreticieni sau practicieni economişti ignoră noile descoperiri din teoria matematică care le-ar putea fi utile. Pe de o...
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...Assignment Two: Employment-at-Will Doctrine Linda M Zaccarillo LEG500 Law, Ethics and Corporate Governance Note: This assignment is submitted on July 31, 2014 to Professor Sliben in fulfillment of a requirement for successful course completion. Assignment One: Employment-at-Will Doctrin In this paper I will be acting as a recently-hired Chief Operating Officer in a midsize company preparing for an Initial Public Offering. I will also I will analyze the emoloyment-at-will doctrine, determine if any exceptions and liabilities exist, and give a brief definition. I will also discuss Pennsylvania employement-at-will doctrine. Employment-at-Will Doctrine Employment-at-will doctrine means the common law rule that holds that whenever an employment relationship is of an indefinate duration, either party- the employer or the employee-may terminate the relationship at any time,for good cause or bad, in good faith or with malice(Halbert & Ingulli, 2012. p 46). John John is not protected by the employment-at will doctrine. The reason that I can fire him is because his interent blasting is a direct violation of company policy. There is no privacy when posting on the internet. When you post things on the interent you are posting for the whole world to see. John is not covered by any laws to protect him from being fired. There is also no way that he ccan contest the firing because he is violatiating the...
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...LII. An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances. By the late Rev. Mr. Bayes, communicated by Mr. Price, in a letter to John Canton, M. A. and F. R. S. Dear Sir, Read Dec. 23, 1763. I now send you an essay which I have found among the papers of our deceased friend Mr. Bayes, and which, in my opinion, has great merit, and well deserves to be preserved. Experimental philosophy, you will find, is nearly interested in the subject of it; and on this account there seems to be particular reason for thinking that a communication of it to the Royal Society cannot be improper. He had, you know, the honour of being a member of that illustrious Society, and was much esteemed by many as a very able mathematician. In an introduction which he has writ to this Essay, he says, that his design at first in thinking on the subject of it was, to find out a method by which we might judge concerning the probability that an event has to happen, in given circumstances, upon supposition that we know nothing concerning it but that, under the same circumstances, it has happened a certain number of times, and failed a certain other number of times. He adds, that he soon perceived that it would not be very difficult to do this, provided some rule could be found, according to which we ought to estimate the chance that the probability for the happening of an event perfectly unknown, should lie between any two named degrees of probability, antecedently to any experiments made about it; and that...
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...Imagine you are a recently-hired Chief Operating Officer (COO) in a midsize company preparing for an Initial Public Offering (IPO). You quickly discover multiple personnel problems that require your immediate attention. John posted a rant on his Facebook page in which he criticized the company’s most important customer. Facebook is used for social networking and social media. John should not have criticized a customer simply because he thought was important in disclosing the problematic situation. Facebook blogging is an unrestricted segment for permitted communication that not quite the same as the water cooler. Blogging can spread throughout company cubicles and respond within seconds of the latest gossip in the company or with employees (Pike, 2011). John’s duty as an employee would have been respected if he followed proper channels by requesting to see his supervisor, discuss the situation with the proper authority and left it at that. Upon initial employment, employees are required to attend company policy meetings. During these meetings, employees are mandated to sign an agreement to adhere to company policies. Employees are encouraged to use discretionary means when using Facebook or blogging on the internet any information in an approximate manner so as to keep from criticizing the company or employees. “Failure to follow this policy may result in disciplinary action, including possible termination. All blogs and other public Internet communications are...
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...2 Management of a High Blood Drive In a high school blood drive it is very important that a manager exercises their organizational skills, leading skills, and more, to make it a success. Organization of both staff and supplies are critical in high school blood drives, since they can be either under/over-booked. Leading the staff is also a vital part of making sure that the blood drive is a success. The combination of these two important skills will help in making sure that we have a good running organization and that the donors have a good experience when donating. Organization of both staff and supplies is one of the main things a manager/supervisor needs to keep in mind. In a situation where a blood drive is over-booked, the disbursement of supplies to meet demands can become a challenge. In a situation like this we, start taking the per-interview vitals on donors. This will help eliminate the donors who do no meet requirements to be sent home. Making sure that you have the valued staff that has the experience to make a blood drive more comfortable for donors, plus have the ability to help their less experienced peers, is also an organizational skill that needs to be done. Leading is a skill that is hard for just about anyone. This does not matter whether 2 you are a manager or just the team member. Having the ability to recognize the strengths of your staff and making the staff reach their potential is important. In a high school blood drive being able to bring...
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...| The Eisenhower Doctrine | | | The Eisenhower Doctrine In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, while the world was repairing itself from the 6-7 years of war (4 years for the US), unseen forces were posed to launch and spring into action once the war was over, an ideology; one that had taken a country over by storm and revolution. These unseen forces were setup in the cold, grim climate of Mockba (Moscow). Josef Stalin, “the Grim Reaper of Communism”, had plans to sow the seeds of Communism throughout the entire Western half of Europe and elsewhere. While it’s no surprise that when attending the Potsdam Conference in Potsdam, Germany from July 17, 1945 to August 2, 1945, the “Big Three” consisting of : Sir Winston Churchill, (later replaced by Prime Minister Clement Attlee), President Harry S. Truman and Soviet Leader Josef Stalin, met to drawup borders for the re-organization of Europe after the war (Milestones: 1937-1945, n.d). The surprise came when Truman told Stalin that the United States had nuclear weapons and Stalin didn’t even react because he had spies inside the “Manhattan Project” and key information was passed on to ‘Uncle Joe’. The real surprise Truman found out later (Milestones: 1937-1945, n.d). But also, ‘Uncle Joe’ had plans to spread his Communist poison throughout Europe, the Middle East and everywhere else he could. In the early to middle portion of the 1950’s, while Senator Joseph McCarthy was accusing everyone...
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...The Monroe Doctrine James Monroe was the 5th president of the United States holding office from 1817-1825, and was considered to be one of the last founding fathers to be in office. With the help of his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, James Monroe created the Monroe Doctrine that asserted America’s dominance in the Western Hemisphere. Monroe gave this statement at his address to congress on December 2, 1823. The Monroe Doctrine had four main points: (1) The United States would remain neutral in European affairs, and would abstain from conflict. (2) The US would honor any European colonies already established in the Western hemisphere. (3) The US would not allow any new European colonies to be created in the Western hemisphere, and would act with force if necessary. (4) The US would view any European countries that tried to interfere with a Nation in the Western hemisphere as hostile, and respond as needed. The United States defeated the British in the War of 1812 about 10 years before, and it helped establish the young country as a world power. The US did not necessarily have the means to enforce the Doctrine, and it was vague in describing how they would react if anyone did attempt anything. The Doctrine would help keep European ideals, influence, and colonization away from the Americas. With the Doctrine America essentially had full control over the Western hemisphere and that is exactly what Monroe wanted, because he believed it would help America prosper the...
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...1947 Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was created in response to the Communist/Soviet takeover of many countries in Eastern Europe. The British government had been fending off Soviet interference in Greece, but in February, 1947, they announced they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers there. President Truman realized if the Soviets were not contained, they would continue to take over yet another country. On March 12, 1947, President Truman spoke to Congress regarding this crisis. This speech has become known as the Truman Doctrine. President Truman told Congress that the nations of the world were faced with a choice: A choice of good or evil, capitalism or communism, dictatorship or democracy, and freedom or oppression. President Truman believed the United States was obligated to get involved to protect freedom and democracy. One of the best known lines from his speech demonstrates what Truman wanted the Doctrine to become: “…the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures” In his speech, the President attempted to convince Congress of the necessity to confront the Soviets. He demonstrated this with the analogy of the domino theory. He said that if America let one country fall to Communism, more countries would follow like a line of dominos. Although some Republicans were concerned that the Truman Doctrine was a “blank check”...
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...The Truman Doctrine Shortly after World War II had ended the Cold War began in 1945. The Cold War was fought between the United States and the U.S.S.R. The Cold War got its name because it never got “hot” with action of an actual battle. It was more of a verbal fighting and threating to blow up each other but never actually doing it. When the United States decided to drop a bomb on Japan, the U.S.S.R was mad the United States had secretly developed the bomb. Then Russia started spreading communism and the Truman Doctrine helped stop the spread of communism. According to www.historylearningsite.co.uk/truman_doctrine, The Truman doctrine happened March 12, 1947. It was a speech by President Harry S. Truman. The Truman Doctrine gave economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey because they were threatened by communism. At this point in time there was already a policy trying to contain communism called the Containment Policy. The Containment Policy was a reaction to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to expand communist influence in Eastern European, China, Korea, and Vietnam. Similar to the containment policy the Truman doctrine of the United States was to “support free people who are resisting being conquered by armed minorities or by outside pressures”, which was said directly by President Truman. Truman had to convince congress that a crisis in two far away countries would threaten the security of the United States, and that four hundred million dollars was needed to save...
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...The Truman Doctrine was launched in 1947 by the US. It was the US’ attempt to tighten control on Europe, as the soviets had continued to expand and impose their communist ways on countries in Eastern Europe, including Bulgaria, Poland and Czechoslovakia. This doctrine promised to support any country who was anti-communist. In the same way, the Marshall Plan was launched in 1947 offering financial aid to any country who needed it. Theoretically, this did not exclude Eastern Europe but it was assumed that it didn’t apply to them as they were not capitalist. These two events did contribute to the development of the cold war as it was one of the first times that the west had directly taken action against the East and their ideology and actions. In addition to this, in 1947 the soviets responded by starting Comintern which was a unity of all communist governments – allowing the Soviet Union to gain more control over their sphere of influence. This was soon followed in 1949 by Comecon, which rivalled the Marshall plan in that it too offered economic help to the eastern European countries who were now suffering from poverty after the war – although this was much less effective than the Marshall Plan. Therefore, these events did play a significant role in the development of the Cold War as it made the two nations rival each other for power, ideology and economies. Source G primarily supports this idea that the events contributed to the development of the Cold War. It directly compares...
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...Klein neoliberalism is the rule of the market and corporations over the state therefore, meaning over the people. In her novel, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism she gathers together decades of economic catastrophes made by the United States, the IMF and the World bank. In this novel Klein is pushing to expose capitalism’s true nature,“ a policy the breeds poverty and crime” (Georgi Arbatov). Klein’s basic thesis and main point is that neoliberalism is dominating the world by using public disorientation such as wars, terrorist attacks and natural disasters to push through reforms that are not accepted. The introduction of the book Klein talks about the disaster in New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina, one of the many examples she uses to support her thesis, and how the Louisiana State Legislature in Baton Rouge were using this tragedy as an opportunity to change New Orleans. They spoke about building condos now that public housing was finally gone. One congressman said, “ We finally cleaned up public housing in New Orleans. We couldn’t do it, but God did”(page 4). Klein recalls what some of the victims commented on when they heard what the Legislature was planning after this occurrence and how when these victims saw this as tragedy, they saw it as an opportunity, coming about with “The Shock Doctrine”, which is when governments use these disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina, to pass reforms that change the nations economy. In this novel...
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...analysts argue that the Reagan Doctrine as an innovation. According to Lagon: “The scope of the Reagan Doctrine was both broader and narrower than the predominant Cold War political doctrine of the United States, containment” (1994). The Reagan Doctrine played a role in Central America as well. For example, Anastasio Somoza of Nicaragua was overthrown by the revolutionary front in 1979. In addition, the Doctrine also affected Cambodia and Angola. In all the regions affected by the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. officials always supported the insurgents and used them as proxies for the United States. The assistance of the insurgencies, especially in Afghanistan, destabilized the pro-Soviet regimes in the process of consolidating totalitarian control over their countries. The first key element of the Reagan Doctrine was the balance of power. During the Cold War Era the US and the Soviets often clashed over Capitalism’s influence in the world against the spread of Communism. Soviet hegemony over east Europe had made it clear to the United States that its greatest threat was the Soviet Union and primary enemy was communism. Beyond the Central and Eastern European countries each superpower had allies in remote areas of the globe. Most of these peripheral nations favored the Communist idea of governance. Lagon states: “the relative balance in these Third World client states favored the Soviets in the latter of the 1970’s and 80’s” (1994). Therefore, Doctrines that began with Trumann...
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...The Truman Doctrine [Student’s Name] [Name of Institution] [Date] The Truman Doctrine Introduction The fall of the Soviet empire has presented various political and economic opportunities and threats to the world, for these reasons it’s considered one of the major events taking place since the Second World War. The Soviet fall besides various internal factors has been facilitated by US and Western counter parts to attempt to contain further Communism. The Truman doctrine was a US strategy to halt expansion of Soviet Union in the course of the Cold War. In this doctrine the then US President Harry S. Truman vowed to contain the spread of communism in the world particularly in Europe. This doctrine encouraged the US to back every country with both economic and military assistance if the Soviet Union or communism threats its stability. The aim of this paper is to review The Truman Doctrine was one of the significant historical approaches deployed between 1945 and 2008 that has had both negative and positive outcomes for the world. Historical Background In order to analyze the Truman doctrine and its different elements, it is necessary to consider the complex historical context in which it originated, and one that explains how a president such as Harry Truman, laid the foundations seated on the principles of the emerging American political realism after the Second World War (Bostdorff, 2008). The creation of international organizations like the UN itself and its Security...
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...The Reagan Doctrine The Reagan Doctrine popularized during the two-term presidency of Ronald Wilson Reagan was one which he hinted to in his 1985 State of the Union Address. He affirmed to the American public and the world that “We must not break faith with those who are risking their lives--on every continent from Afghanistan to Nicaragua--to defy Soviet aggression and secure rights which have been ours from birth. Support for freedom fighters is self-defense.” (Reagan, 1985, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents 21, no. 6). This theme was expanded upon afterwards by then Secretary of State George Shultz, and picked up by journalists, most notably Charles Krauthammer who was first to give the Reagan Doctrine its name in his column in the April 1, 1985 issue of Time magazine. The Reagan Doctrine contended that the United States had a duty to oppose the spread of communist dictatorships and to support the freedom fighters that were part of insurgencies defying Soviet aggression. Its policies were rooted in the 1950s anti-communist doctrines long supported by Americans; however it differed in that “containment” was no longer its only goal. Under the Reagan doctrinal policy it was now permissible to support freedom fighters seeking to throw off governments in counties suffering under communist domination. The rhetorical outpouring of the Reagan Doctrine was much more universal than its actual enactment of policy. This was attributed largely to the impact on U.S. interests...
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...The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy delivered in 1828 regarding domination of the Americas in 1823. Written and delivered by James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States, the Doctrine laid out fundamental “rules” dictating the activities of Europeans colonists. Specifically, it declared against foreign colonization of - or against - the Americans.Furthermore, it was written in response to the comments and requests that western hemisphere countries had told the United States. Specifically, the “proposal of the Russian Imperial Government” declared by the Russian czar had proclaimed that all the area north of the fifty-first parallel and extending one hundred miles into the Pacific would be off-limits to non-Russians....
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