...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Current trends in electric energy generation are moving towards the utilization of the environment friendly sources of energy, represented by the wind and solar energy ones as a supplementary energy resource. The solar based one is the more attractive because it is characterized by being free, incur no fuel cost, abundant, limits less, distributed all over the world, pollution free, and require little maintenance. Maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency and in order to maximize power output from the solar panels, one need to keep the panels aligned with the sun. As such, a means of tracking the sun is required. Efficient collection of maximum solar irradiance (MSI) on a flat plate type photovoltaic solar panels or a cylindrical parabolic solar reflector requires adjustments of two parameters of the energy collecting surface namely the angle of Azimuth, and the angle of tilt, of the surface to be illuminated. As the elevation angle of the sun remains almost invariant in a month and varies little (latitude + 100) in a year, there is no need for automatic adjustment of the tilt angle. Everyday, the sun rises in the east, moves across the sky and sets in the west. If one could get a solar panel to turn and look at the sun all day hours, then it could receive the maximum amount of sunlight possible and convert it into the more useful energy (electricity). The current of the solar module is very sensitive...
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...RADIO FREQUENCY CONTROLLED INTELLIGENT ROBOT Saradindu Naskar Department of Computer Science, St. Xavier’s College Kolkata, India Email: saradindu.naskar@gmail.com Abstract ─ My military robot has got two barrel turret through which bullet can be fired; radio camera in synchronization with the turret can rotate up and down, left and right up to a safe firing limit. Turret and camera mechanism has been installed on my robot vehicle, which has all the function like tank, turning to any angle on its axis, moving forward and reverse turning left and right, running instantly into reverse direction. This robot is radio operated; self powered, has image processing facility and has all the controls like a normal car. A pair of laser gun has been installed on it, so that it can fire on enemy remotely when required; this is not possible until a wireless camera is installed. Wireless camera will send real time video and audio signals which could be seen on a remote monitor and action can be taken accordingly. It can silently enter into enemy area and send us all the information through its tiny Camera eyes. It is designed for, fighting as well as suicide attack. Keywords─ISO, robot, DARPA, DSTA, RF, cockroach intelligence. or mobile for use in industrial automation applications. “ All these definition do give us a rough idea about what comprises a robot, which needs to sense the outside world and act accordingly. There are motors, pulleys, gears, gearbox, levers, chains, and many...
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...National university of mongolia School of physics and electronic AT89C51and AT89C2051 Microcontrollers Ulaanbaatar 2007 Flash Microcontroller AT89C51 микроконтроллерийн бүтцийг figure 1. д харуулав. [pic] AT 89C51 ба AT89C52 -ийн санах ойн бүтэц. [pic] AT89C51 -ийн санах ойн 0000h -ээс 0fffh хүртлэх хэмжээг буюу өөрөөр хэлбэл 4к байтыг дотоод санах ой эзлэн дотоод санах ой гэдэг нь микроконтроллерт үйлдвэрээс хийж өгсөн санах ойг хэлнэ. Харин 1000h -ээс 0ffffh -ийн буюу 64к байтын хэмжээй санах ойг нэмж микроконтроллертой холбож болно үүнийг гадаад санах ой гэдэг жишээлбэл дээрх chip 62256,AT24CXX үүд бол гадаад санах ой юм. 62256 энэ санах ой нь 64к байтын байгтаамжтай санах ой юм. AT89C51 микроконтроллерийн гадаад санах ой яагаад 64к байтын багтаамжтай түүнээс дээш байж болохгүй бэ гэхээр энэ контроллер өөрийнхөө портоор тусгаа заавар ашиглан 16 битийн хаягийгл гаргах боломжтой байдаг, өгөгдөлийн санах ой AT89С51 нь гадаад өгөгдөлийн санах ойн chip -д 64к байтын хаягийг шууд илгээх боломжтой байдаг. Movx гэсэн заавараар гадаад өгөгдөлийн санах ойд хандах боломжтой. Энэ заавар нь aккумулятор болон гадаад өгөгдөлийн санах ойн хооронд өгөгдөл дамжуулахаар хэрэглэгддэг. Тэгэхлээр энэ нь mov заавараас яалгаатай байдаг. Movx энэ заавар нь 8 бит мөн 16 бит өгөгдөлийн хаягийг гадаад өгөгдөлийнн санах ойн RAM -д шууд бусаар хаяглaж чаддаг. Жишээ: Хэрэв регистр 0 болон 1-д 12h ба 34h өгөгдөл байн гэе харин гадаад...
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