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Atoms, and Molecules

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Atoms, Molecules, and Elements

Atoms, Molecules, and Elements
Our Periodic Table is designed to help us understand how elements are going to react to each other and also gives us the breakdown of how many atoms are in each element. This chart also helps us to identify metals, liquids, and gases. This chart shows us the atomic mass and structure of each element. Knowing this information allows us to determine which elements can bond and interact with each other. Alkali metals and halogens can form ionic bonds easily which involves the transfer of an electron from an atom of metal forming a positively charged species, to an atom of non-metal forming a negatively charged species. These two species interact electrostatically and form one of the two extreme forms of bonding; covalent bonding is the other extreme form (Kostiner & Jespersen, 2003). Electronic structure is another piece of important information that you will find on the Periodical Table, this is the atomic number and it will tell you how many atoms make up the element.
Alkali Metals and Halogen We know that there are some stable elements and some that are highly unstable. Alkali metals and halogens are unstable because of their electronic structure. If their outer ring is not full of electrons they can bond to easily with other elements, meaning that they have too much space in their outer shells and this makes it easier for other elements to bond with them. If you take Lithium for example, its atomic number is 3, so there would be 2 electrons on the first shell and one on the second leaving 7 open spaces for other electrons to bond themselves to. Some Alkali metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium. The same with the halogens with include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine (Tro, 2009). The elements that can form ionic bonds are especially reactive. Noble

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