...Approaches of Rootkit ……………………………….…………..7 Types of Rootkit ………………………………………………………………….8 CHAPTER 3 …………………………………………………………………….11 DISCUSSION ………………………………………………………………….11 Rootkit Detection & Prevention ……………………………………………….11 Rootkit Prevention & Removal Approaches …………………………………12 Rootkit Detection & Prevention Tools ………………………………………..13 CHAPTER 4 …………………………………………………………………….14 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………..……14 CHAPTER 5 ………………………………………………………….…………15 REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research paper is divided into 5 main chapters like introduction, literature review, discussion, conclusion and references. The major points of this detailed research are summarized as below. * Rootkit technologies cause severe security attacks in today’s cyber world. This research discusses the significance of effective security strategies that should be formulated against security attacks. * Detailed analysis of rootkit technologies and functionalities are done. Different rootkit types, attack tools and approaches are analyzed. * Several rootkit detection & prevention systems are evaluated for preventing these security attacks effectively. Various rootkit prevention tools and methodologies analyzed as well. * This research paper concludes with the significance of effective security tactics against rootkits. Utilization of rootkit technology for legitimate purpose is...
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...------------------------------------------------- IMPROVING INTRUSION PREVENTION (IPS)SENSOR SYSTEM University of Maryland University College By Isaac Chellepo Toee ------------------------------------------------- IMPROVING INTRUSION PREVENTION (IPS)SENSOR SYSTEM University of Maryland University College By Isaac Chellepo Toee To: Professor Jim Chen To: Professor Jim Chen Table Content 2………………………………………………………………………Abstract 3……………………………………………………………………….Introduction 4………………………………………………………………………Scope 4-5……………………………………………………………………Importance of IPS 5-6……………………………………………………………………IPS Challenges 7………………………………………………………………………IPS Sensor 8………………………………………………………………………Limitations and Benefits 8-9……………………………………………………………………Solution 10………………………………………………………………….…Conclusion 11…………………………………………………………………….References ABSTRACT This paper illustrate an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) which is based on sensors in the Network. These sensors are considered honeypots. The system is designed to offer a lot of possibilities to get the most of information gathered about attackers. The analysis of network based intrusion prevention system process reveals one challenge facing administrator: containing the threats or mitigating the threats in the shortest possible time. Information security is crucial and plays a very important role in designing any high-speed network device on system. Since the present generation of intrusion prevention system has numerous limitations on performance...
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...Attack Prevention: Preventing Cyber Attacks Krista McCafferty CMGT441: Introduction to Information Systems Security April 20, 2012 Attack Prevention: Preventing Cyber Attacks In today’s society technology is everywhere. The use of computers, cell phones, GPS’s, and internet are a lot more common. Now that today’s technology is expanding and growing which means that the reliance and dependence of these products is also growing. The dependence and the reliance are not the only two things that technology brings. The more reliance of these things causes cyber attacks which are gradually increasing the occurrence. It is harder to stop these attacks before they occur is more difficult than what can be expected but however it is not impossible. There is a trick to catching these attacks which is within programs and applications that the users uses which detects as well as notifies the user that there is an attack. This could be something like an anti-virus and/or a malware program or even a firewall. The purpose within this paper is to discuss cyber attacks as well as the steps involved and how to prevent them which was discussed in the article by Tony M. Damico entitled Cyber Attack Prevention for the Home User: How to Prevent a Cyber Attack (2009) and other sources Cyber Attack: What It Is A cyber attack is “an attempt to undermine...
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...Cyber-attacks are a major problem to businesses as well as home users, it is in every nook, and cranny in the world of computers and prevention is a major concern to all. Many websites have contracted viruses or denial of service attacks and some host malware. Unsuspecting visitors visit these sites and contracted the spyware, malware, or viruses to their own home computer. What can we do for this? Well, there are preventive measures that one can take companies or home users. To find preventive measures the user must first understand the hacker and how they work. The vulnerabilities of one’s network are those call weaknesses or holes, hackers love these and can scan a system for days trying to find them. It is the administrator or IT department to find these such holes and find a way to abolish them before they are inundated with the chaos the hackers bring forth. Agreeing with “HackingAlert” the prevention is more difficult and complex in real life (HackingAlert). A large threat and a near fatal threat is the malware, it is used to capture vital information from the user’s computer, such as logins and passwords. This type of information is used in high-risk areas such as banking information. It can be well hidden in applications like a PowerPoint presentation, email, instant messenger, or a Web Site may have it hidden or embedded in the site itself. This paper will discuss these measures in hopes to educate the user in open-minded scenarios. First thing to know is that there...
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...Attack Prevention – Article Evaluation At every level of an organization’s structure there is a constant treat of attacks from numerous sources which can include but not limited to spyware, network policies, weak password, and personell lack of training. To analyze this attack rick prevention topic I chose an article from Information today by Phillip Britt titled “Data Security: an Ounce of Prevention”. This article captures the readers attention by using and example of a real incident in which a laptop was stolen from an individual who worked for Aetna and had about 38,000 personal files information from clients which included their social security numbers. With this example the author emphazises the need for stricter security measures and informs the readers how can they protect the information on their computers whether it is a personal computer or a laptop. The article highlight some of the major computer and system attack prevention methods in a condense but precise way from the top security experts. It advises the organizations to constanly educate the user about security issues with the machines and the information they manipulate on them. Recommends assigning security responsibility by someone in the firm or a third party vendor and establish and enforce user policies which include acceptable use of instant messaging, internet and other eqipment that may be available. A firewal it a must in the recommendation, since it will look for abnormal behavior in the...
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...Attack Prevention Paper Introduction Cyber-attacks which are exclusively performed for the only objective of information collecting vary from monitoring the activities which a user makes to copying vital documents included in a hard drive. While those which do harm generally involve monetary thievery and interruption of services. Cyber-attacks are a slowly growing situation which is based on technology. The secret to avoiding this kind of attack is in the applications and programs which one uses for protection which identifies and informs the user that an attack is certain generally known as Cyber Warfare. As stated in the 1st explanation. However dependence and reliance aren't the only items which technology provides. Or an effort to monitor the online moves of people without their permission as the sophistication of cyber criminals continues to increase; their methods and targets have also evolved. Instead of building the large Internet worms that have become so familiar, these criminals are now spending more time concentrating on wealth gathering crimes, including fraud and data theft. An online article from Cyber Media India Online Ltd., suggests that because home users often have the poorest security measures in place, they have become the most widely targeted group. Cyber Media states that 86% of all attacks are aimed at home users (2006). As attacks on home users increase, new techniques are surfacing, including the use...
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...Attack Prevention Trent Lucas CMGT/441 February 27th, 2012 Jude Bowman Attack Prevention Preventing unauthorized access to an organization’s network and resources requires a comprehensible defensive strategy, which includes effective technological tools, and user awareness (“Attack Prevention”, 2012). Often, information technology staff members purchase software and hardware solutions for preventing attacks against network and resources; however, it results in an increasing budget, additional training, additional solutions, new attack vectors or vulnerabilities, and trade off solutions. To manage risks effectively, a staff must first identify network/resources vulnerabilities by conducting a risk analysis. Second, he or she must research a variety of technologies and tools comparing them against the current network risks for preventing and managing access. Some common technologies and tools include: - Firewalls, Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS,) content security, software updates, and hardening operating systems and applications. Network and Resources Security Risks determine the types of technologies and tools needed for protecting an organization’s network, resources, and assets. Additionally, firewalls, and anti-virus programs protect a network to a certain extent against traffic control and malware. However, advancement in technology paved new ways for hackers, and hackers almost always find vulnerabilities to exploit assets. Throughout this paper, the topic...
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...Attack Prevention Paper The article that was chosen for the review was Simple Cross-Site Attack Prevention by Florian Kerschbaum. This article covers what a cross-site attack is, how attackers use them and how vulnerable web applications can be. In this paper we will look at what the problem is as the original author sees it. We will also look at resolutions that could be done to prevent this kind of attacks. In this article the author explains how a simple cross-site attack can take place and goes on to explain what a solution for this problem is. This article starts out by explaining what a cross-site attack is and how they take place with some examples. According to Kerschbaum “A reflected cross-site scripting attack or cross-site request forgery attack occurs when a user follows a malicious link. This link has been tainted with some input that exploits vulnerability on the target web site, such that a script can execute in the security context of the user’s browser and the target web site” (Kerschbaum, n.d., para. 13). In this article the author clearly states the problem and the seriousness of the problem. The author covered the information from a technical perspective but was able to describe the problem in every day terms so that the end users could understand the issues and the solution to the issue that would resolve the problem. These examples are thing that we still see today from the fake e-mails that send a person out to a site for them to login...
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...though the website and through kiosks located in the offices. McBride wants to reduce the number of employees needed to handle client accounts using this new business plan. The new plan will increase the need for data protection to ensure that customer’s personal data is kept same during all points of the application and loan process. Implementing online loan applications means customer information will be input into web forms and then transferred to the company database. This creates the potential for hackers to steal or corrupt the data and to use it to gain access to other company servers. In order to prevent this from occurring and limiting the damage done in the case of a successful attack McBride must implement a Prevention, Detection, and Recovery plan. Prevention A prevention plan for McBride will be need to include protection for the company servers and protection for client information. The first step in this plan is to establish a demilitarized zone (DMZ) to separate the web server from the company databases and other company servers. The most secure way to implement this is to use two firewalls. The first one will be set to allow necessary traffic to the web server and to block malicious code. It will have a looser configuration to ensure that clients do not have issues gaining access to needed applications or services. The second firewall will be set to stricter configurations to prevent any malicious code that gets past the first firewall from entering the...
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...and Tertiary Health Promotion Alena Bray Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V February 10, 2013 A Review of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Health Promotion This paper is a review of the Primary, Secondary and Tertiary levels of health promotion. Three published journal articles were chosen as references-each depicting a situation in the varied levels of care. The levels of health promotion in nursing will be discussed and any differences therein. Also discussed will be the evolution of nursing roles and responsibilities. Health Promotion Defined In order to begin, the three levels of health promotion will be defined. The first level- Primary Prevention, are ‘methods to avoid the occurrence of disease’ (Wikipedia 2013). Primary care is what one would seek when an acute issue has occurred; for example, the development of flu symptoms, an infection or a broken bone. Primary care is also concerned with preventive medicine such as pediatric well baby visits. Secondary Prevention is ‘a method to diagnose and treat existent disease in early stages before it causes significant morbidity’ (Wikipedia 2013). Typically a primary care provider will refer the patient to a secondary care specialist; for example, an oncologist who is a doctor that specializes in cancer. The third level- Tertiary Prevention, are ‘methods to reduce negative impact of existent disease by restoring function and reducing disease-related complications’ (Wikipedia 2013). For a patient that has ended...
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...Attack Prevention Delontey Mango CMGT441 May 31, 2011 Robert Markovic Attack Prevention The following paper will try to answer and explain the importance of protection and address antivirus software’s that prevents viruses from attacking personal and corporation computers. Protecting personal and corporate computer at home or office is very important. It comes to the IT community that no matter how hard a client tries or do viruses will intrude his or her network one day. The importance of virus prevention is to save data and hardware. The software companies give clients tools and directions on how to prevent virus from attacking computers. Antivirus software can prevent some but not all viruses from attacking. The article states “It is a sort of “sleuth and burglar” game being played by antivirus and virus producers. The most and ever updated antivirus, shields you against all defined threats till that time. You can subscribe to auto update feature which works for you behind the screens giving the best possible protection when you go online” (Secureurpc, 2010). This protection software advises the client about suspicious files. When a client cannot catch or kill a worm know as a virus, this software will allow the client to quarantine and run a full scan of the network. Spyware prevention and pop up blockers helps in preventing viruses on a network. As soon as a client connects to the Internet spyware is the automated software that launches and display a report...
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...A Survey of SQL Injection Defense Mechanisms Kasra Amirtahmasebi, Seyed Reza Jalalinia and Saghar Khadem Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden akasra, seyedj, saghar{@student.chalmers.se} Abstract SQL Injection Attack (SQLIA) is a prevalent method which makes it possible for the attackers to gain direct access to the database and culminates in extracting sensitive information from the firm’s database. In this survey, we have presented and analyzed six different SQL Injection prevention techniques which can be used for securing the data storage over the Internet. The survey starts by presenting Variable Normalization and will continue with AMNESIA, Prepared statements, SQL DOM, SQLrand and SQLIA prevention in stored procedures respectively. that determining whether a SQL statement is allowable or not is done by checking the existence of normalized statement in the ready-sorted allowable list. 2.1. Background Many web pages ask users to input some data and make a SQL queries to the database based on the information received from the user i.e. username and passwords. By sending crafted input a malicious user can change the SQL statement structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands on the vulnerable system. Consider the following username and password example, in order to login to the web site, the user inputs his username and password, by clicking on the submit button the following SQL query is generated: SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE user_id = ‘john’ and password...
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...University such as Princeton approach to achieve such stability forgo a COT solution an invested in a Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) are network-based devices or host-based applications that protect systems against computer hacking attacks by analyzing each message passing through it. The messages that match any of the thousands of known attack patterns or "signatures," messages that violate domestic and international networking standards, attempts to scan network devices, denial of service attacks, reconnaissance activity (i.e., testing computers to find less protected systems). Once an attack is detected, the IPS can be configured to take any of the following actions: It can capture information about the attack to a log file. It can continue to capture subsequent data from a suspicious source. It can drop the message completely. It can drop subsequent messages from a suspicious source. It can e-mail and/or page appropriate support personnel. Types of network-based IPS solutions In-line Intrusion Prevention Systems: An in-line IPS must positioned between the untrusted network environment and the trusted network it is intended to protect. All traffic that is to be screened must pass through the IPS for analysis and, if certain criteria are met, for discard. Out-of-band Intrusion Prevention Systems: An out-of-band IPS is connected to the network infrastructure in a manner that allows it to view...
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...defined as “a group of two or more computers linked together”. An attack is defined as “an aggressive and violent act against a person or place”. Lastly, security is defined as “the state of being free from danger or threat”. Since the beginning of networking there have been users out there with malicious intent to either gain information or disrupt it. Technicians may not be able to stop the initiation of attack but there are certainly tools and techniques to fight back. This paper will discuss the protocol layers of networking, the associated threats and applicable solutions. This research paper will include an analysis of networking and examples of attacks. While not all solutions will be touched upon, this paper will give you a basic understanding of the way forward. Many references sited in my research are scholarly, peer reviewed journals and are considered experts in their field of Information Technology Technology is the basis of many operations in society today. While technological advances have made numerous processes easier and faster, it has also introduced an equal number of negative practices. This paper will discuss the theoretical model of networking which breaks up the data transmission process into multiple layers. We will first take a look at the original networking model and its functions compared to the newer model. Next we will take a look at vulnerabilities that are susceptible to attacks within each layer. Finally we will take a look at possible solutions...
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... psychological, social and even financial part of their lives. Because the rate of sexual violence continues to increase, researchers study the side effects extensively. Adverse effects of sexual violence are individualized and very diverse, leaving victims with a broad range of impacts. This paper will define what sexual trauma is and the devastating effects it can leave on the lives of the survivors. It will cover different variables such as the psychological impact of the immediate, short term and long term as well as the physical, social, and financial effects of childhood and adult sexual trauma. This paper will hope to promote further discussions on the effects of sexual trauma left on the lives of the victim as to help any individuals and organizations that might work with the victims of such violent acts. The analysis of this report would aim to support individuals working with victims in the recovery process of sexual trauma from family support, spiritual support, and the counseling process. Understanding the Effects of Sexual Trauma According to Basile & Saltzman, (2002), the definition of sexual violence was developed by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The definition as stated in the Sexual Violence Surveillance Uniform Definitions And Recommended Data Elements is “sexual violence includes completed or attempted penetration of the genital opening or anus by the penis, a hand, a finger, or any other object, or penetration of the mouth...
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