...anxieties, and attitudes towards mathematics in order to foster meaningful teaching and learning of mathematics. Images of mathematics seem to be profoundly shaped by epistemological, philosophical, and pedagogical perspectives of one who views mathematics either as priori or a posteriori, absolute or relative, and concrete or nominal. These images, as perceived by an individual can play a significant role in the development of attitudes towards mathematics in the long run. Images of mathematics can have possible negative and positive impacts on teaching and learning of mathematics with the subsequent development of attitudes toward mathematics as positive or negative and also associated mathematics anxiety. A theoretical model with different combinations of images, anxieties, and attitudes toward mathematics can be a helpful tool to develop an understanding of the different relationships among them. Some pedagogical implications can be drawn from these relationships. Key Words: Image of mathematics, Mathematics anxiety, Attitude toward mathematics, Affect in mathematics education Introduction How do students perceive mathematics in schools? What are different images of mathematics that students perceive? How these images impact their learning? What is math anxiety? What are the causes of math anxiety? What is the relation of image of mathematics as perceived by students with math anxiety? What are different attitudes toward mathematics? How these attitudes impact learning...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Mathematics is one of the fundamental topics in school curricula. Student should be taught the essence of the subject to prepare them for their future. In this case, what they have learned must be applied and used in the real life situations. Indeed mathematics, is an important subject because the skills that the students get from it can be used as a tool to solve some problems they might encounter in daily life. Attaining the quality of students’ performance is a top priority of the teacher. But there are times that teacher feel like they are ineffective especially when their students got failed on the assessment of learning. After those bundles of effort they have prepared like making the lesson plan, selection and use of teaching strategies and instructional materials, etc. still their students fail to attain the goals or objectives of the lesson. For the teachers not to feel the frustrations from this kind of situation, they must take into consideration some external or environmental factors that affect the students’ performance. The home-environment situation is an accepted factor that contributes towards the Mathematics performance of the students. According to Brenda B. Corpuz (2007) in her book “Principles of Teaching 1”, the principal elements that make teaching and learning possible and attainable are the teachers, the learners, and a conducive learning environment. Without one, there could be no teaching nor...
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...analyze Weinerís attribution theory of achievement into three dimensions: the locus of control, stability, and controllability. (Weiner, 1986) What students attribute their academic achievement to is a big issue. If students believe a failure is controllable - the result of low effort ñ they may be spurred on by that failure to do better next time. And a significant and important factor that affects studentsí attribution might be parental influence. In different countries, parents have totally different attitudes toward their childrenís academic performance. This article provides possible reasons for why Asian students outdistance American students in academic achievement. As we know, Asian adolescents tend to have higher academic achievement compared to American adolescent. Most of the reasons might be attributed to parental influence. (1) Parental expectations and perceptions in American and Asian societies are quite different. American parents evaluate their childrenís mathematics skills less critically and...
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...Definition of Terms Attitude. It is a posture or position of a person. A manner, emotion or actions toward an object or person, tendency or orientation especially of the mind. Adjustment. It is an adaptation to a need, the settlement of a disputed claim, a change, to satisfy specific conditions. Study. It is an application of the mind to books, arts, or science or to any subject for the purpose of learning. Academic Subject. It refers to the course or teaching unit in the field of English, Filipino, Science, Mathematics, and others. Concentration. It means exclusive attention to one object. In the specific study, it means exclusive attention given by the student to their study habits. Method of Study. It refers to the organization of activity and materials in the study in which is significant to what is acquired in teaching. Financial crisis. A situation in which the value of financial institutions or assets drops rapidly. A financial crisis is often associated with a panic or a run on the banks, in which investors sell off assets or withdraw money from savings accounts with the expectation that the value of those assets will drop if they remain at a financial institution. Middle school. A school between elementary and high school, typically sixth, seventh, and eight grades. Grade conscious. Perceiving, apprehending, or noticing with a degree of controlled thought or observation(conscious of having succeeded). Stress management. What you...
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...Mangaoang-Boado noemi2569@yahoo.com Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus San Fernando City, 2500 La Union, Philippines ABSTRACT This study focused on the investigation on the predictors of the academic performance in Physics of Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Mid La Union Campus (DMMMSU-MLUC) Laboratory High School Fourth Year Students for the School Year 2011-2012. Factors such as family, student, school and teacher factors were correlated to academic performance. Significant relationships to academic performance in Physics occurred for the four factors namely, Grade Point Average (GPA) in Math, GPA in English, attitude towards Physics, and study habits. The results imply that students’ performance in Physics will be higher if they perform better in English and Mathematics; if they show positive attitude towards Physics; and if they possess good study habits. Among the factors, GPA in Math had the best influence to academic performance in Physics. KEYWORDS: performance, factor, predictor INTRODUCTION Learning (represented by academic performance in this study) of students is not confined in a closed space. Different factors bombard this learning which can either enhance or undermine it. These include family factors, student-related factors, schoolrelated factors and teacher factors. Different theories can explain the learning behavior of learners that may affect their academic performance. According to Cherry (2012, April 12), behaviorism, also known...
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...Monday 22nd September 2012 Reflection on Knowledge In Context of Values Subjects, Activities and their Significance The previous schooling system which I was a part of had the basic emphasis on academics along with reasonable presence of basic extracurricular activities (that is to say visual arts, dance, music and sports). Those however where seldom emphasized and we were made to focus more on our academic school life rather than extracurricular. There were students talented in many other fields besides academics, but they were praised only on the field not in the class, the teachers would inform us that extracurricular is important for all round development but rarely any action was taken to support this statement. Moreover they were constantly told to focus on their academics more. I also found that the school failed to present extracurricular in more attractive manner. For example: During dance class the boys would rarely appear and were found to bunk class as they did not seem to find dance class worth their time and requested the teachers for excuse on gender basis. Visual arts were usually spent skipping, only the interested students could not bear to bunk class. Sports were popular obviously, but no one enforced mandatory participation to passive students who preferred to study in class instead of exercise. In music class, which was once a week most students rarely showed any intrigue towards learning their instrument and practicing them, so much so that when...
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...This mandate targets not only all “typical” students, but students from all demographics. With this factor of accountability, as well as school success, many researchers have studied the gap in educational achievement and how these gaps can be lessened. The most noted gaps in academic success include the areas of gender, socioeconomic status, race, students with disabilities, and ethnicity (2001). Gender has been one of the areas in which the notable gap in achievement has been studied. Researchers have studied this trend for many years. They attribute this discrepancy in gender achievement to a number of various factors. Possible influences in this gap include: culture, biological factors, theories in gender behavior, and school attitudes and factors (2008). The longtime concern regarding the role gender plays in academic success has been the grounds for numerous studies around the globe. Our culture has strong imbedded ideals on the role of males and females. Although, changes in these roles continue to evolve there continue to be underlying ideals and behaviors, which are often unintentional, which dictate how we view the two genders. A study entitled, “Children’s Early Approaches to Learning and Academy Trajectories Through Fifth Grade, “found that “….. gender differences in achievement have been detected consistently in the (testing center) with the girls trailing boys in math and boys lagging behind girls in reading.” 3 The article suggests that...
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...Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Presented in this chapter is foreign and local literature and studies which are relevant to the present undertaking. Literature and studies cited enables the researcher to have a better understanding and a wider perspective of this investigation. Adversity Quotient (AQ) and its nature Resilience refers to the ability to cope or to give a successful response to high risk or adversity as measured by the four CO2RE scales of the adversity quotient. It is an outcome of both individual characteristics and environmental causes. Resilience is viewed by the individual from the inside as he or she responds to the outside or external influences and events, viz. Adversity. Richard Davidson, director of the Laboratory for Effective Neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a landmark series of brain imaging studies that tested two groups of people: one identified as highly resilient to life’s ups and downs, the other easily upset by them. Davidson tracked their brain function as they performed stressful tasks, such as writing about the most upsetting experience in their lives or performing difficult math problems under time pressure (Goleman, 1997). Resilient people have a remarkably rapid recovery from stress. A study of store managers at a large American retail chain store found that the managers who were most tense, beleaguered, or overwhelmed by job pressures ran stores with the worst performance...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis has been conducted at the department of the Graduate School of Business at University of Tun Abdul Razak. During the time period of my writing my thesis, I have gained knowledge from the down and up parts. This journey has been giving me some good experiences and I hope that this thesis will contribute to other students in the subject of Women in Management later. Throughout the writing of the thesis, I would like to thank several people that have been essential for conducting to my work. First and foremost, I would like to thank my beloved supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Khairudin Damhoeri for being supportive and for his valuable advices. Secondly, I would like to send a special gratitude to my respondent Puan Nor Rubaiha Mohamed Nor, CEO of Yayasan UEM, UEM Group Berhad. Last but not least, a special thanks goes to my husband, family and friends for putting a smile on my face every single day. ABSTRACT The topic of the thesis is Women in Leadership and Management. This essay concerns the subject of thesis work is to make research of women leadership attributes and management styles. In order to get clearer details about that, I have made some investigations or researches on women leadership starting from definition of it, followed by the data collection in order to strengthen the research topic. Data shows that women continue to increase their share of managerial positions but unfortunately the rate of progress is slow and uneven...
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...CURRICULUM Form Three Mathematics Curriculum Development Division October 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Draft i Foreword – A Note to Teachers iii Acknowledgements v PART ONE Introduction 1- 1 The Curriculum Underpinnings 1- 2 Philosophy of Education 1- 3 The Goals of Education 1- 5 The Essential Learning Outcomes 1- 6 The Curriculum Design and Development Process 1-11 PART TWO - CURRICULUM CONTENT Vision Statement 2- 2 Rationale for the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics 2- 3 Goals of the Mathematics Curriculum 2- 4 General Intended Outcomes For Forms I, II, and III. 2- 5 Connections to Other Core Curriculum Areas 2- 6 Framework for Mathematics for Forms I, II and III 2- 9 A General Curriculum Framework 2-11 Course Outline for Form III 2-12 PART THREE - STRATEGIES/METHODOLOGIES Teaching and Learning Strategies 3- 2 Suggested Activities 3- 6 Suggested Resources 3-15 PART FOUR - EVALUATION Elaboration of Assessment and Evaluation 4- 2 Evaluation Tools and Strategies 4- 5 Cross-referencing to Teachers’ Guide 4- 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4- 9 ___________________________________ i ABOUT THIS DRAFT Under the umbrella of the Secondary Education Modernization Programme (SEMP), since the latter part of 1999, new secondary school curricula in eight (8) subjects – Language Arts (English), Science, Mathematics, Social Studies, Spanish...
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...whether to grab a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional or cognitive in nature. The first attempt of the researchers is to explore the academic motivations that students in a university will tend to use, usually in enduring the college life. People are centrally concerned with motivation -- how to move themselves or others to act. Everyone struggles with how to motivate others and especially on its own. People are often moved by external factors such as reward systems, grades, evaluations, or the opinions they fear others might have of them. Yet just as frequently, people are motivated from within, by interests, curiosity, care or abiding values. Many individuals enroll into college for several different reasons, including social, economic, or intellectual. Since a degree opens more employment opportunities. Study skills are usually defined as students’ ability to manage time and other resources to complete an academic task successfully. ‘Study habit’ is the amount and kinds of studying routines which the student is used during a regular period of study occurred in a conducive environment. The second attempt of this research is to discover the study skills of every college students. The techniques they use in learning especially they are enrolled in a competitive...
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...Bloom's Taxonomy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The Bloom's Wheel, according to the Bloom's verbs and matching assessment types. The verbs are intended to be feasible and measurable. Bloom's Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives within education proposed in 1956 by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom who also edited the first volume of the standard text, Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals[1] (referred to as simply "the Handbook" below). Although named for Bloom, the publication followed a series of conferences from 1949 to 1953, which were designed to improve communication between educators on the design of curricula and examinations.[2][3] It refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom's Taxonomy divides educational objectives into three "domains": Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (sometimes loosely described as knowing/head, feeling/heart and doing/hands respectively). Within the domains, learning at the higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels.[4] A goal of Bloom's Taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.[1] A revised version of the taxonomy was created in 2000.[5][6][7] Bloom's Taxonomy is considered to be a foundational and essential element within the education community...
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...systems across our great nation. Teachers are a vital part of the educational system for they provide the motivation and support that pupils need in order to succeed. Yet, teachers also need to be motivated and supported in order to be productive. Teacher morale could suffer due to constant stress of trying to meet the educational goals. Improving teacher morale has many benefits in that it can help teachers to maintain a positive attitude and be happier at work (Govindarajan, 2012). Ellanberg as cited by Govindarajan (2012) found that where morale was high, schools showed an increase in pupils’ academic achievement. Conversely, low levels of morale can lead to decreased teacher productivity and burnout. Recent studies found out that the academic achievement of pupils in the Division of Antique did not meet the standard set by the Department of Education (Arguelles, 2012; Ople,2012; Doronila, 2011; and Cabasan, 2011). Moreover, as observed by the researcher being one of the teachers in the division, the attitudes and enthusiasm of teachers towards their work seems below the standards also. This situation aroused the interest of the researcher to conduct a study to examine the level of teachers’ morale in relation to pupils’ academic achievement, hence this study....
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...influence of both genetics and heredity factors alongside upbringing, culture and experience are recognised as influencing an individual’s personality. Jung's work in this field extended way beyond understanding this general proposition about personality and he became one of the greatest thinkers of his time to have theorised about life and how people relate to it. He drew inspiration and guidance from the ancient models like astrology and Greek theology especially in regarding the Greek "Temperament theory" or the "four humours theory." The ancient Greeks 400BC believed in 'four temperaments'', however it was works of Hippocrates a Greek physician who developed it into a medical theory. He believed that certain human moods, emotions and behaviours were caused by body fluids called "humors": blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. These four body fluids were also linked to certain organs and illnesses. Later in history a Greek physician called Galen (AD 130-200) developed the first typology of temperament of these humors in his dissertation; Detemperamentis’ In the dissertation Galen mapped a matrix (Matrix is the place or point which something else originates) of hot\cold and dry\wet types taken from the four humors. He proposed that the balance of bodily fluids in the individual influenced different behaviour and in the ideal personality with an even deposition the complementary characteristics or warm-cool and dry-moist were exquisitely balanced. However...
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...Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Final Report November 2005 Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Jens Henrik Haahr with Thomas Kibak Nielsen, Martin Eggert Hansen and Søren Teglgaard Jakobsen www.danishtechnology.dk jens.henrik.haahr@teknologisk.dk This study was carried out on behalf of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Education and Culture. Views expressed represent exclusively the positions of the authors and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Commission. Contents Index 1. .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Education Systems and Basic Skills................................................................. 4 1.2. Student Background Characteristics and Basic Skills.................................... 10 1.3. School Characteristics and Basic Skills ......................................................... 13 1.4. Individual Student Characteristics and Basic Skills....................................... 17 1.5. New Analysis and Data Collection Activities................................................ 19 Introduction........................................................................................
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