...Lecture 5 Audit of the Sales and Collection Cycle Summary of the Audit Process Phase 1 Plan and design an audit approach 1. Accept client and perform initial planning 2. Understand client’s business and industry 3. Assess client business risk 4. Perform preliminary analytical procedures 5. Set materiality & assess acceptable audit risk and inherent risk 6. Understand internal control and assess control risk 7. Gather information to assess fraud risk 8. Develop overall audit plan and audit program Phase 2 Perform tests of controls & substantive tests of transactions Plan to reduce assessed level of control risk? No Yes Phase 3 Perform analytical procedures and tests of details of balances 1. Perform analytical procedures 2. Perform tests 3. Perform additional tests of details of balances Phase 4 Complete the audit & issue an audit report 1. Perform tests for presentation & disclosure 2. Accumulate final evidence 3. Evaluate results 4. Issue Audit Report 5. Communicate with audit committee & management 1. Perform test of controls 2. Perform substantive tests of transactions 3. Assess likelihood of misstatements in financial statements Accounts in the Sales and Collection Cycle 14-3 Sales and Sales returns Transaction 4 Accounts Sales Accounts receivable Business Functions Processing customer orders Granting credit Shipping goods Billing customers and recording sales Documents & Records Customer order Sales order Customer or sales order Shipping...
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...window dress USSC's financial statements. In 1985, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), after a lengthy investigation, concluded that USSC management had deliberately and materially overstated the profits of the company for the period 1979-1982. USSC was ordered to revise and reissue its financial statements for those years, resulting in a $26 million reduction in its previously reported earnings. Additionally, Hirsch and other USSC executives were forced to repay large bonuses they had earned on the overstated profits. Ernst & Whinney, USSC's independent audit firm during the late 1970s and early 1980s, was criticized by the SEC for failing to discover the various methods used to manipulate the company's reported operating results. Among these schemes were recording shipments of product to sales employees as consummated sales transactions, improperly capitalizing litigation expenses in a patent account, and retaining the cost of retired assets in the company's financial records. The principal focus of the SEC investigation and its subsequent enforcement release for the...
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...Chapter 13 Auditing the Inventory Management Process Answer Key True / False Questions 1. The "cradle-to-grave" cycle for inventory begins when goods are purchased and stored and ends when the finished goods are shipped to customers. TRUE AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Decision Making Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-01 Develop an understanding of the inventory management process. Topic: Overview of Inventory Management Process 2. A receiving report records the shipment of goods to customers. FALSE AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Decision Making Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-02 Be able to identify and describe the types of documents and records used in the inventory management process. Topic: Types of Documents and Records 3. Sale of finished goods is a part of the inventory management process. FALSE AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Decision Making Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-03 Understand the functions in the inventory management process. Topic: The Major Functions 4. Once the controls in the inventory system have been tested, the auditor sets the level of control risk. TRUE AACSB: Analytic AICPA BB: Industry AICPA FN: Risk Analysis Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 13-06 Know how to assess control risk for the inventory system. Topic: Control Risk...
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...MCI was the largest in history. They tried to merge with Sprint in mid-2000 but the U.S. Justice Department did not approve. How was the fraud perpetrated? The fraud was not perpetrated in lower levels of the organization. Upper management improperly booked $3.8 billion as capital expenditures, boosting cash flow and profit over 5 quarters, disguising an actual net loss for 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. WorldCom’s management did not account for expenses when it incurred them, instead hiding expenses by pushing them into the future. This made it seem as if they were spending less and making more money. This caused investor confidence to rise, and the stock price to increase at a time when other telecommunications companies were struggling. By reclassifying operating expenses as capital expenditures, WorldCom was secretly hiding a large amount of expenses. Operational expenses are decreases in the company’s assets from its profit-directed activities, and result in negative cash flows (Williams). Examples of operational expenses are office...
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...Exercises, Problems and Simulations | 1. List and describe the activities auditors undertake before beginning an engagement. | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 53, 54, 55, 62, 66 | 2. Identify the procedures and sources of information auditors can use to obtain knowledge of a client’s business and industry. | 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 52, 56, 59, 65 | 3. Perform analytical procedures to identify potential problems. | 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 | 47, 48, 49, 51, 58, 63, 64 | 4. List and discuss matters of planning auditors should consider for clients who use computers and describe how a computer can be used as an audit tool. | 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 | 57, 60 | 5. Review audit documentation for proper form and content. | 23, 24, 25 | 50, 61 | SOLUTIONS FOR REVIEW CHECKPOINTS 4.1 A CPA can use the following sources of information to help decide whether to accept a new audit client. Financial information prepared by the prospective client: * Annual reports to shareholders * Interim financial statements * Securities registration statements * Annual report on SEC Form 10K * Reports to regulatory agencies Inquiries directed to the prospect's business associates: * Banker * Legal counsel * Underwriter * Other persons, e.g., customers, suppliers Predecessor auditor, if any, communication, re: integrity of management, disagreements with management ...
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...Why are audits becoming increasingly important in the nonprofit sector? Cite at least three reasons. Complete Exercises 4.1–4.3 in Ch. 4 of Financial Management for Human Service Administrator July 1, 20XX–December 31, 20XX (a).July 1, 20XX— Received unrestricted donation check in the amount of $15,000 from the Multnomah County Department of Health and Human Services. Debited Cash $15,000 Credited Revenue $15,000 (b) July 19, 20XX—Paid Great Northwest Insurance Company $9,000 for six more months of fire and liability insurance coverage. Debited Prepaid Insurance $ 9,000 Credited Cash $ 9,000 (c) July 15, 20XX—Paid Portland Arts & Crafts Company $3,000 for additional arts and crafts supplies. Debited Arts & Crafts Supplies $ 3,000 Credited Cash $ 3,000 (d) July 15, 20XX—transferred temporarily restricted funds in the amount of $3,000 from investments to pay for additional arts and crafts supplies. Debited Investments $3,000 Credited Cash $3,000 (e) July 30, 20XX—Paid Oregon Sporting Goods $5,000 for additional recreational equipment. Debited Expense $ 5,000 Credited Cash $5,000 (f) December 31, 20XX—Received fees from parents in the amount of $40,000. Debited Cash $40,000 Credited Revenue $40,000 (g) December 31, 20XX—To account for $1,750 in fees from parents earned in the first six months of operations, but collected in the second six months. Debited Expense $ 1,750 Credited Accounts Payable...
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...Audit Program Design Part II ACC/546 May 2, 2011 Audit Program Design Part II The audit of Apollo Shoes, Inc. requires a design of steps to develop audit objectives to plan the audit. The financial statements are divided into cycles to better manage the audit and disperse to staff within the firm. The following cycle’s sales and collection, payroll and personnel and acquisition and payment were developed to design test of controls, substantive tests of transactions and analytical procedures. Anderson, Olds, and Watershed, LLP will be designing test of controls, substantive tests of transactions and analytical procedures for Apollo. This will allow our firm to better understand the internal controls within their company along with making sure the company is in compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and generally accepted accounting principles. Sales & Collection cycle Sales and collections audits test financial information relating to the sales of goods and services to consumers and the payment collection for these sales. In Apollo shoes audit AOW will involve the decisions and processes necessary for the transfer of the ownership of goods and services to customers after they are made available for sale; it begins with a request by a customer and ends with the conversion of material on service into an account receivable and ultimately into cash. There are several functions include in this cycle such as processing customer...
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...ACT 803 FINAL STUDY GUDE Chapter 19: Audit of the Acquisition and Payment Cycle: * Be able to identify accounts that will likely be affected by weak internal I/C. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE flows into: -cash in bank / Raw material purchases -purchase R&A / PPE -purchase disc / Prepaid Expenses ….which then flows into Manufacturing/Selling/Admin Expense Control Accounts CLASSES OF TRANSACTIONS/ACCOUNTS Acquisitions: Cash Disbursements: * Inventory -Cash in bank (from cash disbursements) * Property, plant, and equipment -Accounts Payable * Prepaid expenses -Purchase Discounts * Leasehold improvements * Accounts payable * Manufacturing expenses * Selling and administrative expenses Processing Purchase Orders: -Purchase requisition -Purchase order Receiving Goods and Services -Receiving Report Recognizing Liability: -Vendor’s invoice -Debit memo -Voucher -Acquisitions transaction file -Acquisitions Journal/lisintg -AP master file -AP trial balance -Vendor’s statement Processing and recording Cash Disbursements: -Check -Cash disb. Transaction file -Cash disb. Journal/lisiting * For both the acquisition/expenditure and cash disbursement cycles, just refresh your understanding of the flow charts and be able to do the following: * Identify internal controls * Identify the objective/purpose of the I/C * Describe how the I/C is supposed to work * Describe how to perform...
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...AMS ACCOUNTING LLP Project Report on Audit of Matty Kitchens vikas 8/1/2014 Table of Contents Analytical Review 3 • Comparison 3 Changes in Income statement 3 Changes in Balancesheet 5 • Ratio Analysis 7 Liquidity position 7 Profitability 8 Leverage 8 Asset Management 8 Audit Risk assessment and Audit Approach 9 • Going concern risk 9 • Revenue 10 • Expenses 11 • Inventory 11 • Account Receivables – valuation and existence 13 • Goodwill 13 • Account payables 14 • Capital Assets 15 Materiality 16 Evaluation of Internal Auditor work 17 Additional procedures performed at future inventory count 18 • Procedures performed during inventory count 19 • Procedures followed after inventory count 20 Audit program for Property Plant and Equipment 22 ROMM 22 Approaches to testing 22 Audit Test 23 Audit Documentation and Audit File 25 • Importance of audit documentation 25 • Parts of Audit file require Documentation 26 Auditor Report 28 Analytical Review Analytical review of Matty Kitchens is done using comparison and Ratio analysis. This analysis is based on extract of financial statement provided by Matty Kitchens. Matty Kitchens, a distributor of packaged meals and these meals are prepared by the matty kitchens itself. Company sell these products to grocery stores nationwide. Matty kitchens operates in a competitive environment. Because increased competition could affect the...
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... Kiran M. Rage (M.Com, D.F.M., F.C.A) N.G. Acharya, D.K. Marathe College Chembur, Mumbai - 400 071. Published by : DTP Composed by : Professor cum Director Institute of Distance and Open Learning University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Mumbai - 400 098. Pace Computronics "Samridhi" Paranjpe 'B' Scheme, Road No. 4., Vile Parle (E), Mumbai - 400 057. 2 CONTENTS Sr. No. Title Page No. SECTION - I (AUDITING) 1 Introduction To Auditing 01 2 Introduction To Auditing II 22 3 Audit Planning 33 4 Auditing Techniques And Internal Audit Introduction I 44 5 Internal Control 54 6 Vouching 89 7 Verification And Valuation Of Assets And Liabilities 106 8 Introduction To Company Audit 169 SECTION - II (COST ACCOUNTING) 9 Cost Accounting 173 10 Cost and Cost Classification - Cost Sheet 187 11. Reconcilation of Profit as per Cost and Financial Accounts 204 12. Material, Labour and Overheads 221 13. Method of Costing 237 14....
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...Solutions for C hapter 7 A udit E vidence: A F r amewor k Review Questions: 7-1. Audit evidence is all the information used by auditors in arriving at the conclusions on which the audit opinion is based. The basic sources of evidence are knowledge of the business and industry, analytical procedures, tests of controls, and direct tests of account balances and transactions. The auditor must decide how much evidence is needed (extent), what kind of evidence is needed (nature), and when to gather the evidence (timing). The assertions form the framework for gathering sufficient, competent audit evidence as required by the professional standards. The assertions tie into generally accepted accounting principles in that those assertions are also embodied in GAAP. The five main assertions are defined as: Existence/occurrence. The assets, liabilities, and equity interests exist and all transactions reflected in the financial statements actually occurred. Completeness. All assets, liabilities, equity interests, and transactions that should have been recorded have been recorded, i.e., nothing is left out of the financial statements. Rights/obligations. The entity holds or controls the legal ownership to assets, and liabilities are legally owed by the entity. Valuation/allocation. Assets, liabilities, and equity interests are included in the financial statements at appropriate amounts and any resulting valuation or allocation adjustments are appropriately recorded. Presentation/disclosure...
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...was the Androids’ partner in charge of auditing Enronaa’s accounts since 1987 – his job was to check Enronaa’s accounts and to make sure that they fairly represent the state of the business. Androids had been Enronaa’s auditor for the past 16 years. On the morning of October 23, David and his auditing team listened in on a call between stock analysts and Enronaa’s executives, who were trying to explain the company’s financial free fall. There were too many unanswered questions. After lunch, David called the entire Enronaa team together in Conference Room 37C1. His heart beat faster as he thought about the net that was closing in on Androids. As his eyes wandered around the room, on one of the conference room walls was an imposing picture of Arthur Androids. David was particularly proud of the long and distinguished history of the firm. His mind wandered as if to witness how in 1913, Arthur and Clarence, both from the audit firm of Price, bought out a small audit firm in Illinois to form Arthur, Clarence & Co., which became Androids & Co. in 1918. Androids, who headed the firm until his death in 1945, was a zealous supporter of high standards in the accounting industry. A stickler for honesty, he argued that accountants’ responsibility was to investors, not their clients’ management. During the early years, it was reputed that Androids was approached by an executive from a local rail utility to sign off on accounts containing flawed accounting, or else face the loss of a...
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...CHAPTER 19 Fraud Awareness Auditing LEARNING OBJECTIVES | | | | | | |Review Checkpoints |Exercises Problems |Cases | | | | | | |1. Define and explain the differences among several kinds of fraud, |1, 2, 3 |45, 46 | | |errors, irregularities, and illegal acts that might occur in an | | | | |organization. | | | | | | | | | |2. Explain the various auditing standards regarding external, internal, |4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | | | |and governmental auditors' responsibilities with respect to detecting | | | | |and reporting errors, irregularities, and illegal...
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...Summary: The Case of Phar-Mor Inc. The Phar-Mor Inc. a deep discount drug store chain, came into existence in 1982 as an affiliate of family-owned grocery chain Giant Eagle, which also owned a distribution company, Tamco Distributors Co. and the deep discount concept consisted of using “power buying” or purchasing the largest possible amount of product at best term, then selling at discounts of up to 25% - 40% off retail prices. Phar-Mor Inc. had fictitious inventory, fund diversions and a fraud cover-up by management which costed its investors 500 million dollars. The first indication of financial problem came to light in 1988, when investigation of lower-than-expected profit margins revealed that Phar-Mor was being billed for inventory it had not received from its sister company, Tamco, a primary supplier. The receiving records had not been maintained by Phar-Mor for the purchases made from Tamco. And this led to the difficulty of substantiating products received. The analysis of this shortage by Phar-Mor accountant indicated that the inventory shortage or overbilling was around 4 million dollars. However, a settlement had been made by the two subsidiaries of Giant eagle for an amount of $7,000,000 giving Phar-Mor $2,000,000 profit for the year and this resulted in a nearly identical gross margin as prior year. In addition to this, another source of problems for Phar-Mor had began with the formation of the World Basketball League (WBL) in 1987 which led for the embezzlement...
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...of analytical procedures during the planning/risk assessment phase of a financial statement audit. An Excel spreadsheet enables instructors to embed up to seven operating problems or potential accounting issues into a fictitious consumer electronics manufacturer’s current year financial statements. Questionnaires from students at two universities indicate that the case is effective at helping undergraduate auditing students understand (1) auditors’ use of analytical procedures during the planning stage of the audit, and (2) the types of accounting issues and operating problems that might be identified using analytical procedures. Keywords: analytical procedures, audit planning. INTRODUCTION Professional audit standards require auditors to perform analytical procedures during the planning and final review stages of each financial statement audit (AICPA 2012, AU 329; PCAOB 2012, AS 12). This instructional case focuses on analytical procedures performed during audit planning. The purpose of performing analytical procedures early in the audit is to enhance the auditor’s understanding of the client’s business and identify accounting issues, operating problems, or unusual transactions that warrant investigation. Field research suggests that analytical procedures often are performed by lower-level staff auditors and consist of simple procedures such as year-to-year account balance comparisons and ratio analysis (Hirst and Koonce 1996; Trompeter and Wright 2010). ...
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