...Can Auditors be Truly Independent With the globalization of investment market and enhanced regulation, independent audits of the financial statements of public companies are one of the most valued contributor to the confidence of the investors. It is crucial that auditors could provide reasonable assurance of the fair presentation of a company’s financial statements. In the past decades, especially with the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, auditors are required to comply with more strict regulations to restore investor’s confidence that was compromised by the scandals such as Enron. To discuss whether auditors can be truly independent, it is of necessity to explain what requires to be independent as auditors. The definition of independence does not require the auditor to be completely unbiased when it comes to make audit decisions. In stead, independence requires auditors to be not only independent of mind also independent in appearance. With this being said, independence means that auditors have to make an objective assessment of his or her objectivity and to support user reliance on the financial reporting process and to enhance capital market efficiency. However, it is not that simple to be ethical in public accounting profession. According to AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, there are mainly five potential threats to auditor independence: intimidation threat, self-interest threat, self-review threat, advocacy...
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...Math 221 Quiz Review for Weeks 5 and 6 1. Find the area under the standard normal curve between z = 1.6 and z = 2.6. 2. A business wants to estimate the true mean annual income of its customers. It randomly samples 220 of its customers. The mean annual income was $61,400 with a standard deviation of $2,200. Find a 95% confidence interval for the true mean annual income of the business’ customers. 3. IQ test scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. An individual's IQ score is found to be 120. Find the z-score corresponding to this value. 4. Two high school students took equivalent language tests, one in German and one in French. The student taking the German test, for which the mean was 66 and the standard deviation was 8, scored an 82, while the student taking the French test, for which the mean was 27 and the standard deviation was 5, scored a 35. Compare the scores. 5. A business wants to estimate the true mean annual income of its customers. The business needs to be within $250 of the true mean. The business estimates the true population standard deviation is around $2,400. If the confidence level is 90%, find the required sample size in order to meet the desired accuracy. 6. The distribution of cholesterol levels in teenage boys is approximately normal with mean = 170 and standard deviation = 30 (Source: U.S. National Center for Health Statistics). Levels above 200 warrant attention. Find the probability that...
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