...RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Directors of companies have an obligation to act in the best interests of the company. Elaborate on how the courts approach this duty and explain whether the corporation’s law in Australia has made this duty onerous. According to the common law, the duties of the directors are duty of care and the duty of loyalty. In the duty of loyalty, the directors should maintain the fiduciary relationship with the company in order to follow the fiduciary duties accompanied by them. The main objective of this duty in equity is to act for corporate purposes, to act in good faith in the best interests of company and to avoid conflicts of interests . The duty of care could be extended to both executive and non executive...
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...Australian Commercial law Name Institution Course Date Question 1 Introduction This is a case emanating from the corporations Act 2001 where the authorized financial advisor acted unprofessionally according to the Australian corporations Act. The breach of law led this financial advisor to jail. The judge issued his verdict basing on the provisions in the corporations Act 2001 to safeguard the plaintiffs from the negative impacts caused by the financial advisor Mr. weaver who gave false information to his clients. Motives of the financial advisor (Mr. Weaver) From the case, we are informed that Mr. Weaver (the defendant) pleaded guilty for 3 counts of failing to have a reasonable basis for the advice he gave and one count of making a false or misleading statement. He admitted that the advice he offered to his clients did not have a reasonable basis thus, it is as if he offered blind advice that affected the clients negatively. The clients followed his advice presuming that he is a trusted professional who has extensive knowledge in matters of financial investments. The defendant Mr. Weaver did not have any ulterior motive by giving this false advice but seems he acted this way due to assumptions. He did not take time to analyze the underlying facts so as to come up with credible advice that would benefits his clients; thus, he acted carelessly. Legal tools used by Judge Wall QC In making his ruling, judge Wall capitalized on section 1041E of the Australian corporations...
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...Australian Commercial law Name Institution Course Date Question 1 Introduction This is a case emanating from the corporations Act 2001 where the authorized financial advisor acted unprofessionally according to the Australian corporations Act. The breach of law led this financial advisor to jail. The judge issued his verdict basing on the provisions in the corporations Act 2001 to safeguard the plaintiffs from the negative impacts caused by the financial advisor Mr. weaver who gave false information to his clients. Motives of the financial advisor (Mr. Weaver) From the case, we are informed that Mr. Weaver (the defendant) pleaded guilty for 3 counts of failing to have a reasonable basis for the advice he gave and one count of making a false or misleading statement. He admitted that the advice he offered to his clients did not have a reasonable basis thus, it is as if he offered blind advice that affected the clients negatively. The clients followed his advice presuming that he is a trusted professional who has extensive knowledge in matters of financial investments. The defendant Mr. Weaver did not have any ulterior motive by giving this false advice but seems he acted this way due to assumptions. He did not take time to analyze the underlying facts so as to come up with credible advice that would benefits his clients; thus, he acted carelessly. Legal tools used by Judge Wall QC In making his ruling, judge Wall capitalized on section 1041E of the Australian corporations...
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...partners are unable to come to a mutual agreement relating to property interests, the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) aims to provide the means by which to reach a ‘just and equitable’ financial outcome. Despite this clearly identified aim set out by the legislation, the Family Law Act has to a certain extent been unsuccessful in achieving this objective, because of its failure to acknowledge the consequences of the sexual division of labour in contemporary society. By reference to the works of various socio-legal scholars and the relevant provisions of the Family Law Act/Marriage Act, this essay will explore the aforementioned failure of the family law in Australia...
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...Question: “Administrative law doctrine is an accumulation - a wilderness almost - of single instances, most cases turning ultimately on fine and often unique points of statutory interpretation or factual analysis.” McMillan – ‘The Role of Judicial Review in Australian Administrative Law’ AIAL Forum No.30, 47. The above quote suggests that judicial review in Australia is not based on any general principles which are capable of guiding judicial decision making or of being used to impose a coherent vision of the role of judicial review on the cases. Do you agree? Analyse the law relating to standing and access to the courts plus one of the following areas of law in order to demonstrate the extent to which the above quote...
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...The Australian legal system acts in the interest of family relationships to ensure the family is financially secure and any children of the relationship are efficiently cared for. Many of the amendments made to legislations centre on enforcing parental responsibility and ensuring decisions are made in best interests of children. A function of the family is to care and protect its members. Our changing society has resulted in changing family structures. This has created a need in the community and law to reform and amend law in order to better protect society. The law has given married couples the option to separate and divorce for the benefit of their wellbeing and others. The law has put in place procedures during and after the fact of divorce...
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...Part A: Angela is entitled to take an action against Tony’s Pizzeria under the Australian Consumer Law, because Tony’s business use a sign, ‘we use locally grown produce for our pizza toppings’, but actually Tony used some imported tins of tomatoes and olives every week, and according to the S18 of the Australian Consumer Law, ‘prohibits a person, in trade or commerce, from engaging in misleading or deceptive conduct.’ Which mean Tony breach S18 of the ACL, because the things which Tony doing is breach with his sign.Which mean Tony breach S18 of the ACL. So, Tony’s business can be taken an action against. Part B: On my opinion, Angela is correct in her belief that Tony’s sign is misleading and deceptive. According to the Taco Company of Australia...
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...AUSTRALIAN TAX LAW Contents ANSWER-01(A) 1 CASE STUDY 2 Facts 2 Option: (b) 2 Option: (c) 3 ANSWER-01 (B) 3 CASE STUDY 4 ANSWER-02 (A) 6 CASE STUDY 6 ANSWER-02(B) 7 CASE STUDY 8 REFERENCE LIST 10 ANSWER-01(A) Fringe Benefit Tax Assessment Act, 1986 (FBTAA, 1986), states that entertainment is not allowed as a tax that can be a deductible expense, as given under section 955-1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act, 1997 (ITAA, 1997). This is however only, unless till the time a Fringe benefit Tax (FBT) @ 46.5% has been paid upon the same. One also has to keep in the considerations important factors such as: * GST to be levied at 10% of the fringe benefit amount. Section 136 of FBTA also states that if there is a benefit which is provided to the employee or to the third party who is related to the third party who may be the spouse, and such a benefit has been provided in a manner which is either full or in part, as a work benefit and a liability that arises for the payment of FBT then Goods and Services Tax may also be applied on the same and the tax payer denied of the GST credits, it may also apply the lower gross-up rate for FT. There are many Companies which may organize entertainment functions for the people employed under them and the third parties with respect to these employees in the form of either gifts or parties. The party maybe on the site or offsite and include food and drink with recreations like banks and gifts may also form a part...
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...According to the Australian Consumer Law, the transactions fall within the operation. Relating to the transactions between Roberta and Myers store. Under the ACL, all manufacturers and stores must abide by the law. Retailers must accept returned products by the consumer at no cost. Repairs must be taken care of regardless. On the consumers behalf, they’re able to repair the product by another retail store, with all cost going towards the initial retailer, who supplied the products to Roberta. All consumers have right to return, refunded and eligible for repairs and replacements. On the manufacturer and the stores behalf. They do provide their own terms and conditions. Which all consumers must take into account. Items must be returned within...
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...Australian Bankruptcy Law Contents Executive Summary 2 History of Australian Bankruptcy Law 3 The Beginning 3 The English Root 3 The Adaption and the Bankruptcy Act of 1966 5 The Debate 6 The Reform 6 For the Change 6 Against the Change 6 Conclusions & Recommendations 7 Citations & References 8 Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to examine the history, and the development of the Australian Bankruptcy Law. Through reviewing historical information, the origins of the current Bankruptcy Law are explored. Furthermore, the development of Corporate Insolvency Laws in Australia from 1901 through to 2001 Corporations Act is studied. The last part of this report reviews the ongoing debate on the need to relax the Corporate Insolvency & Bankruptcy Laws, in order to encourage entrepreneurship. This is followed by a final conclusion on the topic of the Australian Bankruptcy Law, and recommendations on where it could head for the better. History of Australian Bankruptcy Law The Beginning Before examining the development of any laws in Australia, one must review and accept the irony that, Australia began as a nation of convicts. In the late 18th century, the British empire were being burdened by the increasing number of criminals, convicted of variety of crimes from petty theft, fraud, to even murder. Due to the limited landmass, King George III empowered Captain Arthur Phillip, commander of the First fleet, to sail out to Australia...
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...In this assignment, the referencing system used is the Harvard Referencing System. The whole report is segmented into three sections and is addressed in order of the suggested format. Section 1 In the first section, the legal issue that can be raised is whether Roxanne can be recognised as an employee at common law. At this day and age, determining the distinction at common law between an employee and a self employed independent contractor can be an issue. In the context of Australia, I have decided to use the multi-factor test because it branches across a number of aspects covered in the other tests by considering a wider range of factors such as a case by case approach (Van der Waarden 2010). One of the relevant factors that contribute to distinguishing between an employee and an independent contractor is the mode of remuneration showed by the employers of the company towards the worker as seen in the case of Building Workers Industrial Union of Australia v Odco Pty Ltd (Trouble Shooters case) 37 IR 380. If the person is an employee, the employer is required to deduct income tax from salary and wages and that normally there is no obligation to deduct income taxation from payments to independent contractors (Sappideen et al 2009). Apart from these, factors that help distinguish an employee from an independent contractor are if the place and hours of work are at the discretion of the worker, if there is a deduction in income tax from the earnings of the worker, if the worker...
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...Australia - a Land for Men 2 3. Women in Australia 2 3.1 The “Bush-Woman“ in “The Drover‘s Wife“ 2 3.2 The role of Australian Women 2 3.3 Australian Feminism 2 4.Conclusion 2 5.Bibliography 3 6. Declaration of Authenticity 1. Introduction “[...] she fought a bad bullock that besieged the house for a day“ (Lawson 6). This would probably be a challenge for a man not for a woman. But in Henry Lawson‘s point of view this and fighting snakes and diseases are things women in the Australian bush are capable of doing as presented in The Drover‘s Wife. Henry Lawson (1867-1922) is the finest author and poet in Australia's colonial period and had a big focus on the Australian bush and life. He is famous for his works such as The Drover‘s Wife which got first published 1892 in The Bulletin - an Australian magazine of great importance. In his short story The Drover‘s Wife Lawson presents a mother with her children in a dangerous living situation in the Australian bush, “Lawson‘s story created the archetype of the pioneer bush-woman, a heroic mother left on her own by the drover husband, resigned to her fate, battling against the elements and winning“ (Carrera-Suarez, 140). Lawson, who lived in the Australian-Bush himself is able to judge which attributes are important to survive in it and so created the image of the drover‘s wife. His view of women...
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...Form Application for Australian citizenship General eligibility This information is provided to help you complete the application form and guide you through the application process. Important – Please read this information carefully before you complete your application. Once you have completed your application we strongly advise that you keep a copy for your records. There are 10 steps in the citizenship application process. Step 1 Eligibility – ensure that you meet the eligibility criteria Step 2 Residence requirement – check that you meet the residence requirement Step 3 Read the citizenship test resource book Australian Citizenship: Our Common Bond for the information you need to prepare for the citizenship test Step 4 Original documents – gather your original documents and have copies certified Step 5 Complete your application form Step 6 Lodge your application form with your nearest office of the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (the department) 1300t Step 1 – Eligibility You should use this form if you meet the general eligibility criteria for Australian citizenship, that is, you: • are aged 18 years or over and under 60 • are a migrant who is a permanent resident • satisfy the residence requirement (see Step 2) • are likely to reside, or to continue to reside, in Australia or to maintain a close and continuing association with Australia, and • are of good character. The Citizenship Wizard on...
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...Islander peoples are the traditional custodians of the Australian land. About this application form Complete this form if you wish to apply for a: • Partner visa in Australia (subclass 820/801) • Partner visa outside Australia (subclass 309/100) • Prospective Marriage visa outside Australia (subclass 300). For the purpose of this application: • Partner means your spouse or de facto partner (including same-sex partners) • Fiancé(e) refers to the person you intend to marry. This is usually your sponsor, or sponsoring partner. If you are applying outside Australia, you will be applying to migrate. If you are applying in Australia, you will be applying for permanent residence. In this form, the term ‘migrate’ covers both. Before completing this form, you should read the detailed requirements in booklet 1, Partner Migration, which is available from the department’s website www.immi.gov.au/allforms/ Further information on partner category migration is also available from www.immi.gov.au/migrants/ or you can contact the department’s enquiry line (see information box on page 5). Life in Australia – Australian values The Australian Government encourages people to gain an understanding of Australia, its people and their way of life, before applying for a visa to live in Australia. This includes understanding that the English language, as the national language, is an important unifying element of Australian society. Australian society is also united through the following shared values:...
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...recommend that News Limited considers society’s change of opinions about the company and loss of confidence after phone-hacking scandal, the law change of limiting the expansion of the company and unethical employment as the most significant organizational behavioral issues afflicting the company. Rationale The reason why News Limited should consider these three issues is because there will be a large loss of market share if readers, or may better say customers, in the society change the opinions about underlying values and beliefs of News Limited and loss confidence of their future behavior; the change of laws may limit its expansion; and the unethical employment may lead to social issue in the long term. The phone-hacking scandal of one of the News Corporation subsidiaries- News of the World reflects the whole entire business. One of Murdoch’s former top executive said Murdoch invented and established this culture in the newsroom, where you do whatever it takes to get the story, take no prisoners, destroy the competition, and the end will justify the means. As being Australian arm of News Corporation, News Limited tends to be suspected that they share the same underlying value and belief as all the other subsidiaries of Murdoch’s media empire, which drives them to behave similarly. Professor Rolph, from faculty of Law at University of Sydney, said even though there is no evidence that this conduct has occurred in Australia, what mostly like to occur is an...
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