...Avoidant Personality Disorder Avoidant personality disorder is a subtype of the anxious personality disorders. It is characterized by feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to negative evaluation and irrational fear of social relationships, as well as depression and anxiety. Many individuals with avoidant personality disorder have an inner world of fantasy and pretend relationships. “They are so fearful of being rejected that they give no one an opportunity to reject them—or accept them” (Comer, 416). Avoidant personality disorder can have a physical effect on the body system. A patient may experience headaches, indigestion, constipation, appetite disturbances, and sleep disturbances. From a biochemical perspective, a patient may have low norepinephrine...
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...fear of acting in a humiliating or embarrassing way”. Social Phobia is one of the most common individual DSM-IV Disorders (Butcher). Although social phobia does not usually manifest itself until the teenage years or early adulthood, it can be brought on by many different factors in early childhood, like being bullied or based on genetic or learned behaviors from parents. They are also some different variation of social phobia; there is generalized social phobia, social phobia with agoraphobia, social phobia with or without panic attacks and also Japanese disorders similar to it called Taijin kyofusho. All these variations of social phobia come with different effects on people and caused by different factors. Social Phobia causes people to worry that other people are looking at you and noticing what you are doing, dislike being introduced to other people, find it hard to go into shops or restaurants, worry about eating or drinking in public, feel embarrassed about undressing in public, so you can't face going to the beach, can't be assertive with other people, even when you know you need to. Although these traits can simply just characterizes shyness in people. There are different degrees and other factors that make it more than shyness, social phobia can occur in different degrees and when combined with other disorders like depression, it can be a very serious disorder. About 5 percent of the population suffers from some degree of social phobia. Social Phobia is developed early...
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...interactions that involve a concern about being judged or evaluated by others. It is typically characterized by an intense fear of what others are thinking about them (specifically fear of embarrassment, criticism, or rejection), which results in the individual feeling insecure, not good enough for other people, and/or the assumption that peers will automatically reject them. Developmental social anxiety occurs early in childhood as a normal part of the development of social functioning, and is a stage that most children grow out of, but it may persist or resurface and grow into chronic social anxiety. People vary in how often they experience social anxiety and in which kinds of situations According to Dr. Thomas A. Richards; Social anxiety disorder (formerly termed "social phobia") is a much more common problem than past estimates have led us to believe. Millions of people all over the world suffer from this devastating and traumatic condition every day, either from a specific social...
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...Avoidant Personality Disorder From the moment a person is born, his or her personality begins to take shape. In infancy, childhood, and later adolescence, the individual explores a multitude of behaviors. Of all the behaviors, or personalities, the person experiences, one of them will stick with them until the day they die. Unfortunately, each specific personality also contain a personality disorder. Personality disorders can result in anxiety attacks, depression, and to a certain level, suicide. One of the most unique personality disorders is the Avoidant Personality Disorder. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) describes Avoidant Personality Disorder as: a persuasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early childhood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following traits: 1.) avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, or rejection 2.) is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked 3.) shows restraint within intimate relationships because of the fear of being shamed or ridiculed 4.) is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations 5.) is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy 6.) views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others 7.) is usually reluctant to...
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...Five Conflict Management Styles Here are the five conflict management styles according to Thomas, K.W., and R.H. Kilmann: Accommodating – This is when you cooperate to a high-degree, and it may be at your own expense, and actually work against your own goals, objectives, and desired outcomes. This approach is effective when the other party is the expert or has a better solution. It can also be effective for preserving future relations with the other party. 1. Avoiding - This is when you simply avoid the issue. You aren’t helping the other party reach their goals, and you aren’t assertively pursuing your own. This works when the issue is trivial or when you have no chance of winning. It can also be effective when the issue would be very costly. It’s also very effective when the atmosphere is emotionally charged and you need to create some space. Sometimes issues will resolve themselves, but “hope is not a strategy”, and, in general, avoiding is not a good long term strategy. 2. Collaborating – This is where you partner or pair up with the other party to achieve both of your goals. This is how you break free of the “win-lose” paradigm and seek the “win-win.” This can be effective for complex scenarios where you need to find a novel solution. This can also mean re-framing the challenge to create a bigger space and room for everybody’s ideas. The downside is that it requires a high-degree of trust and reaching a consensus can require a lot of time and effort...
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...1.) Industrial organizational psychology a. Determine the most efficient methods for performing any work-related task b. People work better when singled out for doing something good c. Empashises attitude moral and values of people that work there, humane treatment of workers 2.) Job analysis d. Essential and nonessential job functions 3.) Personnel Selection e. Interviewer illusion i. Tendency of the interviewers to know the truth through the interview 4.) Mentoring f. Natural mentoring relationships are the best g. Accurate statement about mentoring, natural mentoring aren’t prejudice, don’t set up negatives h. And incompetent mentor is worse than having no mentor 5.) Performance appraisal i. Evaluating a person’s success at their job j. Sources of bias ii. Halo Effect iii. Distributional error 1. Leniency errors 2. Severity errors 3. Central tendency errors 6.) Management Approaches k. W. Edwards Denny iv. The “Japanese” management style l. MANAGEMENT STYLES CHART 7.) WAIGAWA m. When a company faces a problem all rank related concerns are set aside, anyone from any level can give input 8.) Jobs, Careers, and Callings n. Job-no training, personal control, freedom o. Career- work as opportunity for advancement p. Calling- Work has value beyond economics 9.)...
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...Antisocial personality disorder From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Not to be confused with Asociality, Antisocial behavior, Avoidant personality disorder, or Schizoid personality disorder. "ASPD" redirects here. For the sleep disorder, see Advanced sleep phase disorder. For the former trade union, see Amalgamated Society of Painters and Decorators. Antisocial personality disorder | Classification and external resources | ICD-10 | F60.2 | ICD-9 | 301.7 | MedlinePlus | 000921 | MeSH | D000987 | Personality disorders | Cluster A (odd) | * Paranoid * Schizoid * Schizotypal | Cluster B (dramatic) | * Antisocial * Borderline * Histrionic * Narcissistic | Cluster C (anxious) | * Avoidant * Dependent * Obsessive–compulsive | Not specified | * Depressive * Passive-aggressive * Sadistic * Self-defeating | * v * t * e | Antisocial (Dissocial) Personality Disorder is a personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, or violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. There may be an impoverished moral sense or conscience and a history of crime, legal problems, impulsive and aggressive behavior. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) and the World Health Organization's International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems' (ICD)...
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...Eating, Substance, Sexual/Gender, Sex, and Personality Disorders The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR, which was published in 2000, is a multi-axial diagnostic tool used by clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrist, and medical professionals for the classification of mental disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR cover symptom disorders—those typified by unwelcome types of distress and/or impairment—and personality disorders—those exemplified by inflexible personality traits that bring about impairment and/or distress—respectively. It is possible to be diagnosed with both symptom disorders and personality disorders. Notwithstanding, the basic distinction between Axis I and Axis II disorders is that personality disorders tend to be enduring, pervasive, and subjectively indistinguishable; whereas, symptom disorders tend to be acute, specific, and subjectively discernible. This paper will address the biological, emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of four Axis I symptom disorders: anorexia bulimia, alcohol abuse, sexual pain disorder, and exhibitionism; and one Axis II personality disorder: schizoid personality disorder. Eating Disorders The DSM-IV-TR includes two Axis I categories of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa—restricting and binge-eating/purging types—and bulimia nervosa—purging and non-purging types (BehaveNet, 1997-2010, n.p.). Anorexia nervosa affects between 0.5% and 1% of the general population...
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...types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system: mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disorders MOOD DISORDERS BIPOLAR DISORDER In bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, there are swings in mood from elation to depression with no external cause. During the manic phase of this disorder, the patient may show excessive, unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too far. They may also show poor judgement and recklessness and may be argumentative. They may speak rapidly, have unrealistic ideas, and jump from subject to subject. They may not be able to sleep or sit still for very long. These symptoms are last for a specific period of time lasting for a few days or even a few months. Hospitalization can often be necessary to keep the person from harming themselves and others. The other side of the bipolar is the depressive episode. Bipolar depressed patients often sleep more than usual and are lethargic. This contrasts with those with major depression, who usually has trouble sleeping and is agitated. During bipolar depressive episodes, a patient may also show irritability and withdrawal. Manic episodes can occur without depression, but this is very rare. DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS A person suffering from major depressive disorder is in a depressed mood for most of the day, nearly every day or has lost interest or pleasure...
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...Personality Disorder Personality disorders are mental health conditions that affect how people manage their feelings and how they relate to other people. Disturbances of feeling and distorted beliefs about other people can lead to odd behavior, which can be distressing and which other people may find upsetting. The main symptoms are: being overwhelmed by negative feelings such as distress, anxiety, worthlessness or anger avoiding other people and feeling empty and emotionally disconnected difficulty managing negative feelings without self-harming (for example, abusing drugs and alcohol or taking overdoses) or, in rare cases,threatening other people odd behavior difficulty maintaining stable and close relationships,especially with partners, children and professional cares. sometimes, periods of losing contact with reality Symptoms typically get worse with stress. People with personality disorders often have other mental health conditions, especially depression and substance misuse. Personality disorders typically start in adolescence and continue into adulthood. They may be mild, moderate or severe, and people may have periods of 'remission' where they can function well. Personality disorders are caused by a combination of genetic reasons and experiences of distress or fear during childhood, such as neglect or abuse. 1 Types of Personality Disorder The different types of personality disorder that might need treatment can be broadly grouped into one of...
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...Serial Killing 1 Running Head: Serial Killing How to raise a Serial Killer Brenden Brewer Serial Killing 2 What makes a serial killer want to kill? What pushes them over the edge or drives them to keep killing? Many researchers including psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and FBI Agents, all have theories of what makes them tick. They come across these accusations by talking to actual serial killers themselves. They have come up with these theories by talking with Albert DeSalvo (The Boston Strangler), Albert Fish, Andrei Chikatilo, Bobby Joe Long, Carl Panzram, Charles Manson, Christopher Wilder, David Berkowitz (Son of Sam), Dennis Nilsen (the British Jeffrey Dahmer), Eddie Gein, Edmund Kemper(The Coed Butcher), Fritz Haarmann (The Butcher of Hannover), Henry Lee Lucas, Herbert Mullin (Santa Cruz Killer), Jeffrey Dahmer, John Wayne Gacy, John Haigh (Acid Bath Murderer), Joseph Kallinger (the Enigmatic Cobbler), Kenneth Bianchi (Hillside Strangler), Leonard Lake, Patrick Mackay, Peter Kurten (The Vampire of Dusseldorf), Richard Ramirez (The Night Stalker), Richard Speck, and Ted Bundy, William Heirens (the Lipstick Killer). All of them were successful serial killers and caught by authorities. First off, what makes someone a serial killer? The FBI has guidelines on how to classify a serial killer from a murderer. To be classified as a serial killer, you have to have a minimum of three to four victims with a grace period or “cooling off” period in...
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...application. Lanzas’ paranoia and distrust for others, alongside his extreme introversion caused by severe anxiety over human interaction would suggest that he would fit into cluster A. Schizoid personality disorder is one of a group of conditions that falls under cluster A and is a pattern of indifference to social relationships and a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle. Lanza displayed a high level of introversion throughout his lifetime, and can be shown through the following. At the age of three, Lanza was referred to special education after he began to exhibit oddly repetitive behaviours and was not able to socialise like most kids. By the fourth grade, Lanza had been diagnosed as suffering from anxiety, obsessive-compulsive...
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...however, the DSM-IV is not as precise for diagnosing personality disorders as some psychologists would like. Give an example of each of the following problems identified in your readings and explain how these problems could negatively affect a diagnosis. 1. Some criteria used for reaching a diagnosis cannot be observed directly. Most of today’s clinicians believe that personality disorders are important and troubling patterns, yet these disorders are particularly hard to diagnose and easy to misdiagnose. These difficulties indicate serious problems with the validity (accuracy) and reliability (consistency) of the DSM categories (Jablensky, 2002). One problem is that some of the criteria used to diagnose personality disorders cannot be observed directly. To separate paranoid from schizoid personality disorder, for example, clinicians must ask not only whether people avoid forming close relationships but also why. In other words, the diagnoses often rely heavily on the impressions of the individual clinician. A related problem is that clinicians differ widely in their judgments about when a normal personality style crosses the line and deserves to be called a disorder (Clark, 2002). Some even believe that it is wrong ever to think of personality styles as mental disorders, however troublesome they may be (Kendell, 2002). 2. Personality disorders can be similar to each other. The similarity of personality disorders within a cluster, or even between clusters, poses...
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...Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA c Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA b a r t i c l e in fo Article history: Received 14 February 2008 Received in revised form 7 April 2008 Accepted 8 April 2008 Keywords: Hoarding Prevalence Risk factors Personality disorders Comorbidity abstract Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in the community. We estimated the prevalence and evaluated correlates of hoarding in 742 participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorder Study. The prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% (5.3%, weighted) and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income. Hoarding was associated with alcohol dependence; paranoid, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder traits; insecurity from home break-ins and excessive physical discipline before 16 years of age; and parental psychopathology. These findings suggest that hoarding may be relatively prevalent and that alcohol dependence, personality disorder traits, and specific childhood adversities are associated with hoarding...
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...Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Kimberly L. Johnson Abstract This paper will examine the DSM disorder of Dependent Personality Disorder in Women. The focus of this paper will be to highlight the differentiation, diagnosis and treatment of this specific pathological personality disorder. According to the DSM, Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by others that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. In professional counseling it is critical that clinicians understand the root causes of DPD and how this disorder can manifest in women. This disorder can be found in both men and women, but research seems to suggest that women are more likely to suffer from this disorder. Therefore, understanding the pathology of DPD and its diagnosis and treatment will be critical to professionals working with women. This paper will also discuss how clinicians should be cautious when making diagnosis in women who present with DPD and knowing what gender and culture factors that exists. Dependent Personality Disorder in Women Clinical Definition of Dependent Personality Disorder According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000), Dependent Personality Disorder (DPD) is characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be cared for by another person that usually lead to clingy and fears of separation. DPD as outlined in the DSM-IV-TR is considered the formal diagnosis of DPD needed for insurance, research, and communication...
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