Eritrea

* Eritrea rely on mainly on energy and mineral production

Impacts of Climate Change: * The harsh climatic conditions, human induced and natural calamities, the geographical location in the arid and semi arid region and low adaptive capacity renders Eritrea vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. * The vulnerability to climate change is manifested on desertification/land degradation; diminishing biological diversity; emergence of new pests; incidence diseases like malaria in new areas due to atmospheric temperature rise; exacerbation of infectious / parasitic diseases and nutrition related health problems due to floods and recurrent drought. Coastal areas and islands, because of sea level rise are exposed to shortage of fresh water due to salt water intrusion. * Assessments on climate change impacts and vulnerabilities revealed the most affected sectors namely‐ agriculture, forestry, water resources, coastal and marine environment, and public health. * Consequently the Government of Eritrea developed a National Adaption Programme of Action to reduce vulnerability and increase resilience of these sectors to the impacts of climate change. * Climate change, biodiversity loss and desertification are interlinked and a holistic integrated approach needed to be followed to deal with their negative effects on human wellbeing and the environment. * The three phenomena form a vicious cycle. The adverse effects of climate change destroy biodiversity and ecosystem goods and services. The loss of biodiversity in its turn eliminates the function of forests and vegetation cover as a sink to carbon dioxide and thus enhance climate change and global warming. Similarly biodiversity loss is a driver to