...Analogy * Symbol and myth * Language games Religious language has been around for years and two of the contributions that relate to this are analogy and language games. Religious language is used to talk about religious ideas for example the existence of god. The Vienna circle can up with the idea of the verification principle and they believed that unless something can be empirically proven then it doesn’t exist meaning that it has no meaning. However one issue with this theory is that you cannot prove something that isn’t of sight for example historical statements and emotional statements. This also applies to religious statements because god cannot be proven meaning his is not a physical being making him meaningless. However Ayer creates the weak verification principle and argues you can have statements like ‘I love you’ and historical statements but he argues that along as it can be proven as some point then it is not meaningless. Analogy is another way of describing things in religious language for example Paley’s idea of the world being like a watch. Univocal language is good when describing god because you can relate to it for example saying ‘god is good’ and saying ‘that was good’ gives you a measure of how good god really is because you understand what good means, meaning it is easy to relate and understand because it can be related to anything including god. However it can be argued that this means that you’re making god a human and assuming his standards...
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...The Promise of the New South: Life after Reconstruction, written by Edward Ayers does not deal predominantly with one overall thesis. Instead Ayers writes in a narrative tone and depicts the story of how the south began to grow after the Civil War through Reconstruction. He uses a very optimistic tone when discussing the growth and movement of the south, never really taking a side when it comes to topics such as segregation or the movement towards a more industrialized nation. He uses personal stories and quotes from people of the time period to show the hard times and events that people had to endure during the end of the 19th century going into the 20th. Ayers touches on subjects such as the rise in industrialization, segregation and the political turmoil that in turn shape the new south. Ayers focuses on the time period from about 1877 to 1910. He begins by talking about the railroads and how they are the driving force behind the growing south. Along with rough working conditions they brought glamour and new technology to fuel the south. Stores and towns began to sprout up and the south began to become more mechanized and farms were beginning to be abandoned. After the war, railroads gave blacks an opportunity to leave plantations and find work all over the southwest. Political turmoil and corruption also affected the south early on. Segregation set in and the Democratic Party had a hold on the south. Black men were persuaded with money or violence in many cases to make...
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...Name: WALEED ABDO ALI Email: waleed.A@gmail.com Mobile number: +60176630315 Address: UG M1 3-2, Bukit Beruang, 75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka 75450 Ayer Keroh, TG COMPUTERS & SDN BHD 4, Taman Melaka Raya 1, Melaka Raya 75000, MELAKA Dear Hiring Manager: I am writing to express my interest in the job position advertised in the online website. My resume is enclosed for your review. I am here totally excited to join your company because I would like to work in a development atmosphere, where I can apply my innovation and creativity in doing the job (which I am great in, to help this company as it will be my duty to reach its goals and giving the best wishes for the rest of people.). I’m Bachelor Degree in Electronic Telecommunication Engineering. I have been exposed to various knowledge related to the electronic engineering field such as software, machining process, instrumentation tools, component and equipment that are commonly used in electronic engineering field, these are additional to the core course of telecommunication electronic engineering whom with you I would like to come out with an especially innovation that is going to be a golden tag for the company. I would greatly appreciate the opportunity...
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...make a statement, it is either true or false depending whether someone in principle could go and check the facts to which I refer. If there is no possible evidence that can be given either for or against that statement being true, then it is meaningless. This approach was summed up as: “The meaning of a statement is its method of verification”. I.e. to say ‘X exists’ means ‘if you go and look, you will see X’. This view of language is found in the early work of Wittgenstein. His Tractatus (1921) was an immensely influential book, which inspired a group of philosophers known as the Vienna Circle, and it was there that logical positivism developed. Its influence was spread by the publication in 1936 of Language, Truth and Logic by A. J. Ayer. Ayer claimed that there were only two kinds of propositions: • Truths known by definition (e.g. maths and logic) • Truths known through sense experience (i.e. proved by external facts) i.e. synthetic and analytic statements Where do moral statements come in such a scheme? If they are known by definition then they are mere tautologies, claiming nothing. OTOH, how can you point to...
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...Law Enforcement did not have probable cause to arrest Terry Ray Ayers. Furthermore, there were no exigent circumstances to utilize a tactical squad and arrest Ayers in a dramatic fashion that put his fiancée and three small children in danger. “A false arrest is a violation of the Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable seizure of persons” (Newman, 2006). The identification of Ayers by a witness through the use of a photo lineup is not enough evidence to arrest him. “Eyewitness misidentification occurs because the eyewitness’s memory is dynamic and prone to error” (Stenzel, 2017). This miscarriage of justice against Ayers and his family highlights the investigative errors of basing cases solely on fallible witness identification. Evidence...
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...This summer I read a tale of two people whose lives couldn't be more different, but both had fallen victim to the great evil known as Adolf Hitler. I read Parallel Journeys by Eleanor Ayers as my summer reading project. Reading this book has given me a new perspective on the Holocaust. It made me realize how easy Hitler's rise to power was, but how difficult it was to diminish his authority. It's easy to instill beliefs of prejudice, discrimination, and hatred in the minds of the youth, but nearly impossible to remove it. While most people would cowered in fear at the sight of everything after just being rescued from concentration/work camp, Helen Waterford showed courage and was more determined than ever to find her daughter Doris. Upon leaving Kratzau, Helen was arrested for being a German. After she was released, Helen learned there was a truck that was headed to Holland. When she didn't have the right papers, the driver tried to have her removed. In Parallel Journeys, it states, "I chose that moment to shout loudly that I had not been spared at Auschwitz to fight for my human rights in vain." This was an incredibly brave act. Helen showed courage by speaking up for herself....
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...Sole's Blog SOLVE YOUR IT PROBLEMS FASTER, SAVE YOUR FEET AND GET MORE TIME ON YOUTUBE! * HOME * * ABOUT SOLE VIKTOR * * USEFULL LINKS « How to publish a website with both Anonymous and Forms Based Authentication in ISA 2006 How to configure ISA 2006 with FBA for OWA and NTLM for Outlook Anywhere and Autodiscover in Exchange 2007 » How to place FSMO and Global Catalog roles in Active Directory During installation of Active Directory on a Windows Server 2000/2003/2008 all FSMO roles will automatically be installed on the first server. But Best Practice dictates to move some of theese Flexible Single Master of Operation (FSMO) roles to seperate servers. If you only have one domain controller (not recommended), there is nothing to do since all roles must be on this server, but if you have multiple servers you should move some of theese roles on to more servers. It is also important to be aware of what servers are Global Catalog servers, especially if you have more than one domain and even if only one domain, they will be prefered by applications like Exchange server. It is recommended to place the forest roles on one Domain Controller (DC) and the domain roles on another server. If not all Domain Controllers are Global Catalog servers, it is also important to place the infrastructure master on a server that is NOT a Global Catalog server. Recommended Best Practice setup of FSMO roles. Domain Controller #1 Place the two forest roles on this server. * Schema Master...
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...Vaux-Le-Vicomte (Louis Levau) Graham Benjamin Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte is a 17th century masterpiece, which demonstrates the vital progression in French architecture at the time. In addition, Vaux-le-Vicomte holds imperative significance in France’s architectural history as the first fully developed design with axially planned grandeur for which France became renowned all over the world (Ayers 368). Figure [ 1 ] (Portrait of Louis Le Vau) Figure [ 1 ] (Portrait of Louis Le Vau) Louis Le Vau was the architect of the Vaux-le-Vicomte. Le Vau was born in Paris and was the son of a professional mason (Gale 1). Le Vau lived 58 years (1612-1670) and was the originator of the French Classical style, which quickly permeated France during the 17th century (Gale). When he became successful in 1639, his attention turned towards developing the Île Saint-Louis as a residential province (Gale). Le Vau had been working his way to prominence by designing town houses for wealthy patrons like “Sainctot, Hesselin, Gillier, Gruyn des Bordes, and Jean Baptiste Lambert” (Gale). The Hôtel Lambert that Levau designed showed his great ability as an innovator by utilizing a creative plan to an extremely diverse site (Gale). Figure [ 2 ] (Plan of Hotel Lambert) Figure [ 2 ] (Plan of Hotel Lambert) Having been appointed as the King’s architect, Le Vau was immediately thrust into stardom in the mid 1650s (Gale). He received a commission from Nicholas...
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...Critically examine A.J. Ayer’s theory of verification… (35 Marks) In his most famous work, Language, Truth and Logic, A.J. Ayer presents his theory of verification. In this work Ayer distinguished between the two key adaptations of verification; weak and strong verification. Ayer was one of the logical positivists of the Vienna Circle, a group of philosophers who were inspired by the theories of Ludwig Wittgenstein. The Vienna Circle were interested in how we use language to convey truths. Ayer begins his thesis by arguing that for a statement to be ‘meaningful’ or ‘factually significant’, it must either be a tautology or provable by sense experience. This approach is inspired by Hume’s fork, which claimed that meaningful language was either a priori analytic (knowledge from deduction) or a posteriori synthetic (knowledge from experience). Ayer’s approach is rather scientific. He argues that because statements such as ‘God Exists’ cannot be empirically proven and are not analytical (because he rejects the claims of the ontological argument), they are thus meaningless. Many philosophers, such as J.H. Randall find weaknesses in this theory as it is too reductionist and reduces language to less than what it literally is. Subsequently philosophy becomes reduced to analysing words. On the other hand, it does provide a basic grounding for deciphering fact from meaningless statements, by examining language on an analytical form. Furthermore John Hick refutes the notion that...
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...of children were tubercular” (Truman). Europe was in bad shape during the Cold War. Ayers, et al. defines the Cold War as an era of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union conflicting mainly communism( Ayers, et al. 8--) President Truman led the United States during the beginning of the Cold War. President Eisenhower took office after Truman which left President Kennedy as the last president to lead during the Cold War. These leaders created many policies and uses of aid during their time in office to stop the spread of communism. While all of the U.S. Cold War Presidents dealt with the containment of communism, Truman emphasized giving economic aid, Eisenhower emphasized more military use, and Kennedy emphasized the idea of Flexible Response. All three presidents main goal was the containment of communism. American Anthem Reconstruction to the President says the containment policy was implemented to stop the spreading of communism. This policy was created by George F. Kennan in the late...
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...highly influenced by logical positivism: group of 20th century philosophers called the Vienna circle and was then further developed by British philosopher A.J Ayer. Religious language refer to statements such as ‘God exists’ and ‘God loves me’. Whilst these metaphysical claims are often rendered as meaningless by verificationism, one must take into account the strengths and weaknesses. Ayer, in his first edition of ‘Language, Truth and Logic’ (1936), asserts that a statement is meaningful if and only if it can be verified by the sense observation or a tautology. By this he means that they are either a priori (before sense experience) analytic, where the predicate is entailed by the subject, or a posteriori (after sense experience) synthetic, where the predicate is not entailed by the subject. An example of a priori analytic statement would be that ‘all unmarried men are bachelors’ and this is also a tautology as it is true by definition. An example of a posteriori synthetic statement would be that ‘John is a bachelor’. For Ayer, if a statement cannot be verified in this way, then it is factually insignificant and thus, meaningless. He affirms that religious statements fall into neither category of priori analytic nor posteriori synthetic. This therefore, according to Ayer, provides a strong challenge to religious belief. For Ayer, religious statements are a priori synthetic in that we assume its truth without having had actual experience and also, they do not have the predicate entailed...
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...Not finding refuge and trying to face the over powering emotions by yourself, could lead you to convince yourself to end your life. Depression can make you feel like your worthless, you have no meaning, and that you are nothing. Depression is a type of emotional stress and it can lead you to think that you don’t need anything else but to be left alone. Refuge can prevent all of those feelings from happening. Refuge can come in many types of forms. Nathaniel Ayers will show you his. In the article, “ Violinist has The World On Two Strings” by author Steve Lopez, Lopez writes about a man who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia for many years. Somehow, this homeless musician has found his refuge. When Nathaniel Ayers felt lost, he knew that he could always turn to music as his safe haven. Also, Nathaniel knows he has a problem emotionally and mentally, so he does what he knows he can relax to. “ Beethoven’s statue stood tall in Downtown LA, and Nathaniel would spend hours admiring the statue.” (Lopez) Since Mr. Ayers knows so much about music, he associated a master at that art, and Beethoven just so happens to be that master. As Nathaniel realizes, Beethoven played...
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...staff, the dissolving of teachers unions, and the placement of the child’s needs above the adults. What ‘Superman’ got wrong, point by point is (as stated) the rebuttal to the movie from the view of a teacher. The educator who wrote this essay, Rick Ayers, shows his support for teachers unions, the addressing of the curriculum and method that we teach kids and not the people...
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...The instances of genocide in the late 20th century stand as a testament to how unreliable the nation state can be when inalienable and human rights are concerned. As is shown in the case of Rwanda, non-state actors have taken steps to trample on these rights even when the victim technically has citizenship in a country. Additionally, the nation-state can reinforce the actions of the non-state actors through either sponsorship, or even inaction in the face of genocide. Civil society actors have taken steps to act where the nation-state has failed to do so out of what Ayers identifies as labeling the conflict as internal or a civil war. Ultimately, both Ayers and Power agree that labeling genocide as what it is, and taking other steps outside of raw military force can go a long way in preventing the atrocities of the 20th century. More specifically, since the nation-state alone cannot be trusted to handle these situations, civil society must take steps to better the diplomacy of the nation-state, along with creating an international community that can work together to remedy the problems of human and inalienable rights violations. In her article “Raising the Cost of Genocide,” Samantha Power examines the historical response to genocide by discussing the ways in which western powers have avoided responsibility for 20th century atrocities. She begins her article by explaining the invention of the word genocide as a word meant to “send shudders down the spines of those who heard it...
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...Ayer agrees that we can only be morally responsible for voluntary actions which is an absence of constraint. An action done is only done because of the motives the person has. The motives themselves are caused by things out of our control in which he simply states “We could not have acted otherwise”. His essay “Freedom and Necessity” makes a solid distinction between what is considered causes and what is considered constraints. Ayer says that freedom is a constraint, that a person who acts without constraint is a person who is acting under their own free will. Ayer believes that once you acknowledge your freewill, it is no longer free. He believes it should be in your unconscious. Once you think to yourself I am acting on free will, you no...
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