...The Impact of Television Food Advertising on Childhood Obesity Lara Klein Abstract Childhood obesity is a growing problem around the world, especially in the United State that is notably harmful as its effects are not only temporary but can have long term effects that can be taken into adulthood. Children’s food preferences are influenced by television advertising that focuses directly at children. It is furthermore concluded that children exposed to high amounts of television advertisements make poor food choices which leads to poor food consumption. Among other factors, parental influence is also critical and can change a child’s behavior towards food advertisement and food choices. Parents should look out to communicate advertisements’ effects to their children, and restrict the amount of time their children spend in front of the television. Moreover, governmental restrictions should be implemented to avoid persuasion of buying unhealthy foods to children at younger ages. The Impact of Television Food Advertising on Childhood Obesity INTRODUCTION According to Bacardi-Gascon and Jimenez-Cruz (2015), childhood obesity is a very serious topic in the United States these days, causing long term economic and social costs due to serious health problems, as well as an increase in morbidity and mortality. Research conducted by Bernhardt, Wilking, Gilbert-Diamond, Emond and Sargent has shown that the more television children watch, the likelihood that they are obese increases...
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...Childhood Obesity: A Preventable Disease Childhood obesity is at an all time high today. Children who have a body weight ten percent higher than what is recommended or have a BMI in the 95th percentile or above are considered to be obese. One out of three children in the United States are considered overweight or obese. Eighty percent of these obese children remain obese adults, leading to severe health problems and possibly an early death (Schifferdecker, 2008). The current obesity epidemic has produced a generation of children that may be the first to have a life expectancy shorter than their parents (Gance-Cleveland, Gilbert, & Kopanos, 2010). This disease not only effects a child’s psychological well being, but also leads to many serious health issues within the body’s systems. The cardiovascular system, endocrine system and respiratory system are the most effected systems in a child with obesity (Statters, 1996). Children with obesity are at risk for lifelong health complications. Nurses have a responsibly to educate children and their parents on the dangers of this disease and the steps which can be taken to prevent it. The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart, arteries and veins; it is responsible for the circulation of blood, throughout the entire body. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and the veins carry blood back to the heart. This system plays a vital role in the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste in the body. The heart is the...
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...2016 | | | [Economics of Obesity] | ECO6150 RESEARCH PAPER | Abstract There has been a significant growth in obesity over the last several years which has been a major epidemic in which more than half of Americans are considered overweight and shockingly 1/3 of the population is shockingly considered obese. Research supports that there is a major economic impact that is associated with the rise of the epidemic of obesity. Medical costs, loss of work, wages and insurance are all key factors which contribute to the direct and indirect costs behind obesity. I will cover the most prevalent information as it pertains to the costs and identify challenges and potentials in regards to the research trends and the impact of obesity. The potential economic impact will be provided and seek to explore potential future research opportunities. In addition it has been shown that there is a correlation to high rate obesity and low income groups in America. With the increase of fast food restaurants competing against each other and their accessibility coupled with their inexpensive menu options has created an increase in weight for Americans in dangerous proportions. Foods that are nutrient filled such as vegetables and fish have a much high cost and are less convenient to most. The refined sugars and grains along with the high fat content and fillers that most of these foods are laden with have caused an addiction and craving for these foods. Because of the small national...
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...Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects our children and adolescent. This topic has become an all so familiar topic of discussion among health organizations in the United States. Obesity is an increase in body weight resulting from excessive accumulation of body fat relative to lean body mass (Hockenberry, 2008). Childhood obesity, by either definition, has become an epidemic that every community is currently facing and should be correcting. The American Academy of Pediatrics defines a child at or above the 95th percentile as obese (Harper, 2006). Childhood obesity can lead to death, which is a devastating thing that can occur. This disease can also be defined as a genetic disorder. Looking at the historical significance and natural life history it is not a surprise that childhood is addressed as one of Health People’s 2010’s objectives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Primary, secondary and tertiary interventions can be done by agencies, the community and especially the community health nurse to reduce childhood obesity. The first step in the effort is to correct the problem and look at the historical significance. Primary interventions are interventions that prevent the problem. (Nies and McEwen, 2007). Increase in physical activity and education on health food choices in required health education classes are primary interventions for childhood obesity. An increase in physical activity can truly...
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...Obesity There are a lot of people in this world who have bad habits. Their bad habit might be biting their nails, smoking too much tobacco, or drinking alcohol heavily. However, there is one habit that many people have today in the U.S. which is consuming to much fatty foods. When a person consumes too much food, the person reaches a weight above the average which leads to obesity. Obesity has been the number one thing in the U.S to cause people to be obese based on age, gender, genetics, physical activity, and illness. Obesity is an excess proportion of total body fat and usually occurs when a person consumes more calories than he or she burns. A person is considered obese when his or her weight is 20% or more above normal weight. As you get older, your body’s ability to metabolize food slows down and you don’t require as many calories to maintain your weight. The person would be considered overweight if his or her BMI is between 25 and 29.9 or they would be considered obese if his or her BMI is over 30. People note that they eat the same and do the same activities as they did when they were 20 years old, but at age 40, gain weight(Obesity). Studies have shown that women tend to be more overweight than men and that men require more calories to maintain their body weight. Men have a higher resting metabolic rate(meaning they burn more energy at rest) than women. Usually when women become postmenopausal, their metabolic rate decreases during their time. When the metabolic rate...
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...TRUTH: OBESITY IN THE UNITED STATES The research will provide useful information that will determine if the fast food industry is responsible for obesity, which is a rapidly growing public health issue in United States. Prepared for Professor Eugene Fregetto, Marketing 452 Research completed by Team 7: Sara Garcia – (708) 770.8682 Garcia.sara59@gmail.com Jessica Gardeck – (847) 363.3389 jgarde4@uic.edu Lisa Elizabeta Komolova – (630) 857.8129 lisakomolova@gmail.com Krunali Sheth – (630) 903.8320 ksheth2@uic.edu February, 2012 The need for the project A large amount of the United State’s population is suffering from obesity. Throughout the years the well-being of the American population has shown a negative movement and a large number of people are experiencing a decline in their health. Obesity being a common health issue in United States is concerning to health care providers because it is progressing into a costly expense for those companies. The amount of fast food restaurants in United States is constantly increasing and to improve the reputation of junk food the restaurants have been trying to introduce reinvented products with a healthier approach. Unfortunately the new products lines and its menu alternatives are still not living up to the standard of a proper diet. The research will provide us with useful information about obesity, people’s attitudes towards fast food and their life-style choices. The information will determine if the fast food...
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...PSYCHOLOGY Parental Influence: Implications for the Prevention Of Early Childhood Obesity Abstract The overall purpose of this study was to investigate whether parents serve as role models in influencing their children’s weight-related behaviours. Participants were 60 random parents of children from Barbados. Unlike previous research studies, the correlation analyses of this study indicated that the junk food or fast foods children consumed was negatively associated with the amount of income made by the parents or their education level. Although it was found that some children do model their parents’ behaviour when it comes to healthy food choices, the findings show that parents do not enforce the healthy eating practices unto their children. This study did not support the theory that children model adult eating behaviours on their own. Parental Influence: Implications for the Prevention Of Early Childhood Obesity Some researchers in public health have concluded that the problem of early childhood obesity has reached near-epidemic proportions (Deckelbaum & Williams 2001; Puhl & Latner 2007). The problem of early childhood obesity and overweight appears to be on-going without implementation of early detection and prevention strategies (Stegelin 2008). The causes most commonly identified with the increase in early childhood obesity are inadequate physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet (Campbell et al...
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...steady increase in the amount of seriously overweight and obese adults and children has been observed, ‘There are now about one billion people worldwide who are overweight or obese’ (Ford Runge, 2007). Obesity is a major health concern and in danger of reaching epidemic proportions. Overweight and obese individuals risk the distinct possibility of a diminished quality of life and the consequence of developing serious illness and society in general is burdened with the financial implications of treatment. This essay will identify why obesity is a major health issue and examine its causes and associated behaviors. Overweight and obesity are terms that refer to an excess of body fat, the findings of a study conducted by the National Audit Office (2001) states that ‘Obesity is a condition in which weight gain has reached the point of seriously endangering health’. This opinion was reinforced in a report published by the House of Commons Health Committee (2004), defining obesity as ‘an excess of body fat frequently resulting in a significant impairment of health and longevity’. The basis for defining an individual to be overweight and classifying obesity commonly relates to a ratio of increased weight for height. The most regularly used standard of measurement is Body Mass Index (BMI). This method...
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...Obesity is chronic condition where there is an abnormal accumulation of fat causing excess body weight which in turn is detrimental causing health issues and ultimately a lower life expectancy. The prevalence of obesity in Australia is 20.5%: 19.1% for males and 21.8% for females. The prevalence of being overweight but not obese was 39.1%: 48.2% for males and 30.2% for females. The number of overweight and obese adults increased from 4.6 million in 1989–90 to 5.4 million in 1995, 6.6 million in 2001 and 7.4 million in 2004–05. Approximately 25% of children are overweight or obese, up from an estimated 5% in the 1960s. (ABS, 2007) (Allman, AI. 2008) In Sydney, 57 per cent of people are overweight or obese, compared to 67 per cent in other areas. This figure is relatively low in comparison to other major cities such as Perth (72 %), South Australia (61.5%) and Victoria (68%). (Markey, A. & Watson, C, 2011). When looking at the population and demographics of obesity it is seen In 2007-08, higher proportions of males aged 18 years and over were overweight or obese (63%) than were females (48%). (ABS, 2007) When comparing age groups in general, rates of overweight/obesity are higher in older age groups, although males and females in the oldest age group (75 years and over) had lower rates. Adult male overweight/obesity rates are higher than female rates across all age groups. (ABS, 2007) In 2004-05, 62% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males and 58% of Aboriginal and...
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...The Relationship between Obesity and Poverty Obesity in the United States and similar societies is a socioeconomic problem. Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to one’s health. The energy intake coming from food is stored as fat since the body does not use it. This ultimately impacts one’s physical health that many degenerative diseases are directly and indirectly linked to obesity. Throughout the history of obesity, its reputation varies from appreciation and the opposite among cultures over time. For instance, Ancient Egyptians are said to consider obesity as a disease, having been drawn in a wall of depicted illnesses. The Aztecs believed that obesity was supernatural, an affliction of the gods. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, was aware of sudden deaths being more common among obese men than lean ones as stated in his writings. In certain cultures and areas where food is scarce and poverty is prevalent, obesity is viewed as a symbol of wealth and social status. Throughout the history of obesity, the public’s view and status of obesity started to considerably change in the 1900’s. During this time the government started to become more involved by initiating campaigns against the problem and publishing ideal weights for various heights. In 1996, the Body Mass Index (BMI) was published, which was a statistical calculation and index to determine if a person is obese or not. In the 21st century, obesity is considered an epidemic...
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...Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Obese People and Health Insurance Policies Obesity is seemingly becoming a healthcare problem because its health and economic burden is exceedingly enormous. Before 1980’s, the prevalence rate of obesity was relatively low, but its prevalence and incidence rates have assumed an upward trend, probably due to the rapid change of lifestyle. Prevalence rate of obesity has increased by two folds, over the last three decades in the US, and the incidence rate is predicted to triple by 2015. Currently, obesity is ranked fifth leading cause of mortality in the entire world. From a global scope, obesity and its related morbidity accounts for about 2.8 million deaths yearly. Recent epidemiological reports reveal that, approximately 44 percent of the diabetes disease burden is caused by obesity; whereas, 23 percent of the cardiovascular disease burden is attributable to being overweight and obese. Further reports indicate that, obesity is responsible for about 7-41 percent of the total cancer burden worldwide (WHO par. 3). It is absurd for medical insurance companies to charge obese people high premiums for their healthcare policies compared with the physically fit Americans. Since obesity seems to be causing negative consequences on the American healthcare systems, efficient approaches are required so as to curb this health problem (Dent &Morgan 3). This paper will dissect the reasons as to why the obese people should be charged normal or less...
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...CASE 27 McDonald’s and Obesity THE PROBLEM Governments and influential health advocates around the world, spooked that their nations’ kids will become as fat as American kids, are cracking down on the marketers they blame for the explosion in childhood obesity. Across the globe, efforts are under way to slow the march of obesity. In the United States, roughly 30 percent of American children are overweight or obese. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 64.5 percent of Americans tip the scales as overweight or obese, the highest percentage of fat people of any country in the world. However, adults and kids in other countries are catching up. THE WORLD The World Heart Federation reports that globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults and that at least 400 million of those are obese. An estimated 155 million children are overweight worldwide including 30–45 million who are obese.1 In many countries, the worst increases in obesity have occurred in young people. About half a million children in Europe are suffering classic middle-aged health problems because they are too fat. Obesity among European children has been on the rise over the last 25 years. The number of overweight children in Europe did not change much from 1974 to 1984; then the rate started to creep up during the next 10 years, and it exploded after 1995. In Britain, one in five children is overweight or obese; in Spain 30 percent;...
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...CASE 27 McDonald’s and Obesity THE PROBLEM Governments and influential health advocates around the world, spooked that their nations’ kids will become as fat as American kids, are cracking down on the marketers they blame for the explosion in childhood obesity. Across the globe, efforts are under way to slow the march of obesity. In the United States, roughly 30 percent of American children are overweight or obese. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 64.5 percent of Americans tip the scales as overweight or obese, the highest percentage of fat people of any country in the world. However, adults and kids in other countries are catching up. THE WORLD The World Heart Federation reports that globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults and that at least 400 million of those are obese. An estimated 155 million children are overweight worldwide including 30–45 million who are obese.1 In many countries, the worst increases in obesity have occurred in young people. About half a million children in Europe are suffering classic middle-aged health problems because they are too fat. Obesity among European children has been on the rise over the last 25 years. The number of overweight children in Europe did not change much from 1974 to 1984; then the rate started to creep up during the next 10 years, and it exploded after 1995. In Britain, one in five children is overweight or obese; in Spain 30 percent;...
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...CASE 27 McDonald’s and Obesity THE PROBLEM Governments and influential health advocates around the world, spooked that their nations’ kids will become as fat as American kids, are cracking down on the marketers they blame for the explosion in childhood obesity. Across the globe, efforts are under way to slow the march of obesity. In the United States, roughly 30 percent of American children are overweight or obese. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an estimated 64.5 percent of Americans tip the scales as overweight or obese, the highest percentage of fat people of any country in the world. However, adults and kids in other countries are catching up. THE WORLD The World Heart Federation reports that globally there are now more than 1 billion overweight adults and that at least 400 million of those are obese. An estimated 155 million children are overweight worldwide including 30–45 million who are obese.1 In many countries, the worst increases in obesity have occurred in young people. About half a million children in Europe are suffering classic middle-aged health problems because they are too fat. Obesity among European children has been on the rise over the last 25 years. The number of overweight children in Europe did not change much from 1974 to 1984; then the rate started to creep up during the next 10 years, and it exploded after 1995. In Britain, one in five children is overweight or obese; in Spain 30 percent;...
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...Childhood Obesity Debbie Daniels ENG 122 English Composition II Paul Wiltz August 20, 2012 As defined by the American Association of Pediatrics, “Obesity is an excess percentage of body weight due to fat that puts people at risk for many health problems. In children older than two years of age, obesity is assessed by a measure called the Body Mass Index (BMI).” (Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Overweight and Obesity, About Childhood Obesity, aap.org) It seems as though childhood obesity is very common in today’s society. The increase in obesity has occurred since 1976-1980. “Among preschool children aged 2-5, obesity increased from 5.0% to 10.4% between 1976-1980 and 2007-2008 and from 6.5% to 19.6% among those aged 6-11. Among adolescents aged 12-19, obesity increased from 5.0% to 18.1% during the same period” (Ogden, Cynthia, Ph.D., and Carroll, Margaret, MSPH, Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Prevalence of Obesity Among Children and Adolescents: United States, Trends 1963-1965 Through 2007-2008, cdc.gov 2010). Being overweight as a child will result in health concerns that carry over into adulthood. We all know that it is important to eat healthy well-balanced meals that provide the vitamins and minerals needed for our bodies. This paper will argue that childhood obesity does not revolve around fast food restaurants, but the responsibility of the child’s parents to initiate healthy eating habits and regular exercise. There are many causes...
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