...ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations Distr. GENERAL E/ESCWA/SDPD/2007/7 11 December 2007 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations New York, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. 07-0488 Preface This study has been prepared by the secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) as part of its regular programme of work for the 2006-2007 biennium. The study draws upon work that ESCWA is implementing within the framework of harnessing technology and enterprise development for the improved productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a view to...
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...How the Media Affects Policy Making Through Their Reporting October 30, 2011 How the Media Affects Policy Making Through Their Reporting The debate over how fairly and unbiased the media presents their reporting on issues to the public is an ongoing one. There are those who say the form of the media in which it is presented may have a lot to do with its influence on public opinion. Although, there are others who believe all forms of media hold the same amount of influence. Over the past week, media in the form of newspaper and television has been compared to each other in its reporting on various public policies. The New York Times and ABC’s World News Tonight with Diane Sawyer were looked at comparatively in their handling of stories regarding public policies for the time period specified. The key notes compared are: equal focus on policies within the media form; presence of objectivity or bias within the content; and how in depth the storyline was reported. The lack or overabundance of any of these key notes could have a significant impact on the public view of the same subject. Equal Focus on Public Policy The amount of press given to stories of public policies from The New York Times was much more significant in frequency as compared to the stories focused on by Diane Sawyer from ABC’s World News Tonight. In the past week, The New York Times discussed varied stories ranging from the potential impact the United States’ reaction to the United Nations Educational...
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...SOCIAL POLICY ASSIGNMENT ON ORIGIN OF SOCIAL POLICY An Introduction to Social Policy Social Policy Social policy is the study of social services and the welfare state. In general terms, it looks at the idea of the social welfare. And its relationship to politics and society. More specifically, it also considers detailed issues in Modem government is based on a social contact between citizens and the state in which rights and duties are agreed to by all to further the common intrest . citizens lend their support to a government through taxes and efforts to a country’s good. In return, government acquire legitimacy by protecting the people’s rights and through public policies that benefit all. However, policy making is often captured by powerful groups and elites. Making government policies based and accountable to the majority and citizens. With half the world’s population living below the two dollar a day poverty line. Ineffective social policies can be the spark for state breakdown. Lack of opportunity, authoritarian rule, gross inequity, exclusion and deprivation-all increase the likelihood of a state’s de-legitimization and withdrawal of its citizens support. Leading to social disintegration. Conflict and violence Social policy is an instrument applied by governments to regulate and supplement market institutions and social structures. Social policy is often defined as social services such as education, health, employment, and social security. However, social policy is also...
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...Case Study Critique • What are some possible reasons caseworkers were not aware of the conditions in the Jackson home? The cases workers were not aware of the conditions of the Jackson home because they did not rules and policies did not make them investigate more thoroughly. Social worker and any other child welfare facility must have strict policies to ensure the safety and wellbeing of the children that they are responsible for. Once these four kids were adopted and the house was “suitable” for them the social workers did not have to check on them as often. I cannot say for sure whether these social workers had any suspicion which they never reported. Apparently they never saw the children when they went they visited because you could clearly tell that they were malnourished. • From the information presented in the case study, determine whether the nine members of the Division of Youth and Family Services staff should have been fired. Why or why not? The nine members of the Division of Youth and Family Services staff should not have been fired but trained. After they fired the social workers the New Jersey Division of Youth and Family Services implemented several changes to their policies. If these policies had been implanted before this case would have been prevented. • Was justice served in this case? Why or why not? I believe that the sentence that Vanessa Jackson received was too lenient. The purpose of punishment is not only to make the person pay for...
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...to consumer groups or to the public. For example, social worker may conduct educative sessions concerned with parenting skills, marital enrichment, stress management, or various aspects of mental health or health care. System linkage roles Because clients often need resources not provided by a given agency and lack knowledge of or abilty to utilize other available resources ,social workers often perform roles in linking people to other resources. System linkage roles include the following 1. Broker. To perform the role of broker (i.e., an intermediary who assists in connecting people with resources), social worker must have a thorough knowledge of community resources so that they can make appropriate referrals. Familiarity with the policies of resources systems and working relationships with key contact persons are essential to successful referrals. Before some people will avail themselves of resources they may require the social workers assistance in overcoming fears and misconceptions. Social workers also have responsibilities in...
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...how it is used in American society. Public administration allows public policies and actions, decision-making ability and day to day operations of an agency to be executed effectively in our environment. The reader becomes familiar with the historical and social aspects pertaining to the evolving field. Public administration does not have a definite age of existence but has been recognized as reliable tool used to perform public service in the United States for the past century. Following the overview of public administration, an example of a public agency is illustrated to further acquaint the reader to the practice of public administration and how it operates to service the public. Table of Contents I. Introduction – Brief Overview of Public Administration II. Body A. Woodrow Wilson B. Principles behind Public Administration C. Public Administration in the United States D. Luther Gulick and Functions in Management E. POSDCORB III. Community Action Agency- Brief Overview IV. Conclusion V. Bibliography Introduction Public administration is encompasses the management of public agencies, organizations, associations, nonprofit and social services as well as various programs. The field is applied to all levels of government: local, state and federal. Public administration centers itself around organizing programs, policies, initiatives and day to day operations of an agency to allow it to run effectively...
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...clients. * Greater focus on budget management then on clients. * Social worker /client relationship (due to increase workloads) based on control and supervision and not care. The changes that affected social work came about because of a fundamental reconstruction in its relationship to the state and to the social work client. This is because social and political attitudes toward welfare provision and the welfare client changed in the late 1970s with the coming to power of the Thatcher government. Government policy wanted to introduce a move from a Welfare State system to a system of welfare markets and non-statutory providers and also changed the role of the state from provider to regulator. These policies were also followed by “New” Labour when it came to power in the 1990's This has lead to a welfare organisation that is fragmented. The principle of “universalism” i.e.the view that all should be dealt with equally has been replaced by the policy of targetting those most in need which some argue has lead to discontinuities and inconsistencies in provision of social work support. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2008 states this has led to an "inequitable distribution of services and, in some instances, a reduction in quality leading to serious injustice." The multidiscplinary approach affects the practice of social worker because it has led to a "diminution of social work as a central activity in the UK welfare...
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...example could be by identifying drug abuse by noting the use, intentional exposure to, or ingestion of any illegal chemical substances used in a nonmedical way, (Chambers and Wedel, 2005). This also can be defined in another way people are more prone to hearing and can identify better with, addiction; the problem would be better known as addiction instead of using. The definition of policy within the context of human services is a program of actions adopted by the individual, government agency or organization or is based on the specific set of principles, a specific course of action or a selected method chosen from alternatives as a guide to determine present and future decisions along with a plan which embraces the general goals of acceptable policies and procedures. The example of proper use of policy involving a drug addict leads most often to a situation needing or involving some figure of authority, a supervisor, or law enforcement. Breaking the law, a company’s zero tolerance policy, or any person or situation which is causing the present problem is resolved by following a form of policy and procedure. The definition of program within the context of human services is a systematic plan or course of action for meeting a specified goal or...
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...Social Policy and Social Programs HSM/240 7/1/11 Marilyn Gardner Axia College of the University of Phoenix Social Policy and Social Programs 2 The agency I had chosen from week one, was the Lincoln Park Community Shelter. This agency has a clear mission statement to bring community together to empower homeless men and women and to make life changes. This mission statement would be the first step in the fundamental policy elements. The second element, Forms of benefits or services delivered would be their vision statement. According to their website it states; • “We will work to become the model for interim housing in Chicago, focusing on attainment of permanent housing for each guest. • We will provide each guest with comprehensive social services, resources and tools to overcome personal and societal barriers in order to attain self-sufficiency. • We will celebrate guests' daily accomplishments and progress toward long-term goals, continually adapting our services to respond to the changing needs of guests (LPCS, 2011).” The third element would be the Entitlement (eligibility) rules. This is where I chose a program from this agency. LPCS has five programs sponsored by this agency. The one program I found interesting is their one-on-one program. The One on One Program provides direct financial assistance to people moving out of homelessness and into...
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...Better Regulation for Growth Regulatory Quality and Competition Policy Investment Climate Advisory Services of the World Bank Group With funding from FIAS, the multi-donor investment climate advisory service in partnership with BETTER REGULATION FOR GROWTH GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS AND TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY QUALITY AND COMPETITION POLICY INVESTMENT CLIMATE ADVISORY SERVICES WORLD BANK GROUP ©2010 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org All rights reserved Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. About the Investment Climate Advisory Services of the World Bank Group The Investment Climate...
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...online at www.sciencedirect.com Government Information Quarterly 25 (2008) 155 – 180 E-government policy and practice: A theoretical and empirical exploration of public e-procurement Catherine A. Hardy ⁎, Susan P. Williams Information Policy and Practice Research Group, Discipline of Business Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Available online 19 April 2007 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how public e-procurement policies are translated into practice. The theoretical argument draws on actor network theory (ANT), coupled with Colebatch’s [Colebatch, H. K. (2002). Policy (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, Open University Press.] social construct of policy, to analyze the actors, actions, and circumstances through which understanding of public e-procurement comes to stabilize (or not) into a coherent policy for action. Drawing on three case studies of central government agencies in Italy, Scotland, and Western Australia, we suggest new intellectual perspectives and methodological heuristics that may assist researchers and practitioners analytical efforts in examining sociotechnical change and the implications for policy development and implementation. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: E-government; E-procurement; Actor network theory; Social construction of policy 1. Introduction Public e-procurement, as an information system (IS) enabled innovation in government...
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...Finances HSM/240 October 12, 2014 Kisha Talbert Finances The Star of Hope is a Christ-centered community organization that is committed to meeting the needs of the homeless. They have a variety of different programs that have been implemented to assist in the encouragement of success positive life changes for the clients they serve. The programs services that are used to focus on the mission of the Star of Hope, includes; education, employment, life management, substance abuse and spiritual growth. Although the Star of Hope is dedicated to providing the services needed to transform the life of homeless, men, women, and their children, these services do not come without a price to the organization. The Star of Hope utilizes many different funding sources to support the program services, such as public and private donations, the United Way, churches, civic and community groups, corporations, grants and foundations. In addition there is also the memorial and tribute program, according to the Star of Hope this program gives people the opportunity to remember special individuals with a memorial or tribute gift. The wills and estate program, which allows a person, to plan a tax deductible gift to a ministry service or other charitable programs, and finally there is the stock donation program, which allows a person to transfer their donated stock directly to the organization for the full value. Technology has paved the way for online giving for individuals making cash...
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...Creating a Social Program By: Allyson Griffith Course: Hum/240 Instructor: Gabriela Simeonova Due Date: 8/10/2014 The proposal submitted will be to fund an agency that will help families struggling with addictions by a family member. The focus of the agency will be to help those with substance abuse within these families. Substance abuse is a social problem that not only affects the family members, but also affects the community because of employment, legal, and health problems that are a direct result of the alcohol or drug abuse. This ongoing social problem has no timeline for an end to the problem forever, but to diminish as many risks as possible. The causes and consequences as a result of substance abuse has many theories of why it happens to certain individuals, and what the most serious consequences are that affect the family of the substance abuser. This social problem of substance abuse does not have any one economic status, or race. Whenever an individual’s values are to the point that there is so much restriction, there may be a time when the worker is no longer looking at what is the benefit to the recipient but rather to how “things ought to be.” According to Chambers and Wedel (2005), “Sometimes it is difficult to disentangle value and knowledge statements. Ideology is built from value statements, and explanations and causal chains are built from sentences that describe what the case about one thing or another is.” As in, any agency or organization there will...
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...An Understanding of Public Administration Master of Public Administration Program Modern Public Administration: Managing Public & Nonprofit Organizations PAD 500 Abstract The purpose of this paper, An Understanding of Public Administration, is to provide the reader with an overview of the field and its application towards public programs, agencies, groups and other associations. It also provides a clear definition, introduces some principles associated with public administration along and how it is used in American society. Public administration allows public policies and actions, decision-making ability and day to day operations of an agency to be executed effectively in our environment. The reader becomes familiar with the historical and social aspects pertaining to the evolving field. Public administration does not have a definite age of existence but has been recognized as reliable tool used to perform public service in the United States for the past century. Following the overview of public administration, an example of a public agency is illustrated to further acquaint the reader to the practice of public administration and how it operates to service the public. Table of Contents I. Introduction – Brief Overview of Public Administration II. Body A. Woodrow Wilson B. Principles behind Public Administration C. Public Administration in the United States ...
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...An Essay: An evaluation of how workplace practice is influenced and directed by a specific social policy. Social policy is “the theoretical pursuit of norms about how we think society ‘ought’ to behave” (Alcock et al. 2008) in action it consists of plans and interventions put in place by the government and social services to improve the wellbeing of society. There are five main areas influenced by social policies derived to improve services for the classic welfare state namely, education, housing, social security, health and social work. Social policy is intimately concerned with how to address and ameliorate social problems and with the analysis of the success or failure of policies designed to improve welfare and wellbeing (Alcock et all. 2008:2-3) Historically social policy can be seen as far back as 1388 when “attempts were made to fix wages and to limit the mobility of labour which may cause wages to rise” (Alcock, 2008:9) a more methodical system of poor relief was introduced in Victorian times, the Elizabethan Poor Law Acts of 1598 and 1601 to house and provide work for the poor under the direction of local parishes. Following this the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 set the foundations for social policy and the modern welfare state today by changing the way that poor law was dealt with, it was streamlined into universal laws and principles that towards the end of the 18th century prompted formation of the English government. The...
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