...Rashid (ID: 57) How to Write Negative Messages in a Positive Way? PREPARED FOR: Mr. Zahid Hassan Khan Course Faculty C501: Managerial Communication PREPARED BY: Chowdhury Rashdi Al Rashid ID: ZR57 MBA 45 D Section- A INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA 20 June, 2011 Introduction: Communication in today’s business place has become more complex. And negative message make thing even more complex. A negative message is any message to which the reader will have an unpleasant emotional reaction. Readers find negative messages disappointing or threatening in some way. Such messages require special care to avoid damaging the quality of the relationship because the negative message – “the bad news” will hurt the reader’s feelings or cause him or her to lose face. (C. Bovee 2010) Not all messages saying no are negative. For a message to be negative, the reader’s ego must be involved in the outcome. If a reader requests information you and others in your organization are not equipped to provide, for example, the reader’s feelings will not be hurt when you direct him or her elsewhere. Treat messages of this variety as you would a message conveying positive information: state the most important information first, and use it to help establish rapport with the reader. (Limaye 1997) Also, be aware that saying no is more serious in some cultures than it is in others. The Japanese, for example, will avoid saying no directly, and if they...
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...the company to compete with other corporations. It needs to set up a new production system and satisfy environmental protection standards. Due to the cost-cutting effort, the company has closed some factories and cut unnecessary expenses. It plans to lay-off some employees. In addition, the company needs to increase salaries and improve benefits for some of the remaining employees. Therefore, the company is figuring out how to convey this good news and bad news to its workers. Analysis and Evaluation While Weymouth has to lay-off thousands of employees, it plans to increase salaries and improve benefits for others. On one hand, it’s necessary for the company to downsize to save the company in this tough time. On the other hand, offering a better policy for remaining workers may conflict with the cost-cutting effort, but satisfying workers can benefit company’s long-run business. Conveying these messages plays an important role in company’s success. If the company has a good solution, it can soften the anger of those who get fired, and make the remaining workers work effectively. However, an ineffective solution can depress people who are fired and worry the remaining employees, so it may create an ineffective working environment. Alternatives The company has at least two alternatives to deal with this problem. First, it should have face-to-face group meetings to convey the bad news, and email the good news to those whose salary and benefits are going to improve. The advantages...
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...Ryan Anthony Albino S28, SPBUSCOM Good News Communication Beginning • I am delighted • It’s a pleasure • You’ll be thrilled • I’m very pleased • I have good news Middle • I am delighted to inform you that you’ve won the first prize. • It’s a pleasure to announce that UCPB will be our new partner • You’ll be trilled to hear that your work buddy is returning next week. • I’m pleased to let you know that our company has grown substantially. • I have good news. Citbank has accepted our proposal! Closing • Keep up the good work • I look forward to having more with your company • I look forward to meeting you. • We sincerely appreciate your care and concern during this time of transition. • We look forward to serving you again Bad News Communication Beginning • Our companies have enjoyed a mutually beneficial relationship for many years. • I appreciated learning about your organization… however, • I admire your organization and I am honored that you invited me to speak • Thank you for submitting an application for the Managerial position opening. • Your company has offered a quality product to the running community for the past 25 years. Middle • You have very good credentials. • My schedule for the month is already full. • The company’s budget is tight for the last quarter of the year. • You’re product is no longer covered...
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...News Nowadays, news plays a vital role in human affairs. News is the communication of selected information on current events by reporters. It is presented by print, broadcast, internet or word of mouth to a third-party or mass audience. The most important function of news is to bring us the latest information on local, national and international events. Specifically, it mentions to any fields of our lives such as political, religion, economic, job, health, disaster, crime status, entertainment as well as celebrities. There is a quote about news that states "For most people, no news is good news; for the press, good news is not news." by Gloria Berger. In my opinion, this quote has two parts. The first part means: if you have not heard anything, then the chances are nothing bad has happened, the situation isn't worse, there's nothing to worry about. So the lack of any problems is good. The second part means: for viewers, bad stories catch their attention easily. It is more interesting than good news. So the media always gives priority bad news to viewers rather than good news. For them, bad news is newsworthy. I completely agree with the above quote. On one hand, if you are working and no one complains, that is good news. You can rest assured that everything is progressing well. In this case, no news is good news. In addition, the news media is a business. So the bottom line is that news-media needs viewers to keep their existence. They must look for...
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...Biased Sample is a logical fallacy in which the author makes an assumption just from a single data and lacks equality in some way. Most of the time, the data is unfair and therefore doesn’t give a correct analysis. This kind of sample can result as a result of poor data collection in which the researcher doesn’t attempt to collect as much information as possible. Also this kind of sample might result from unawareness in collecting the information. A good example for Biased Sample is the widely recognized belief of people refusing to go to countries like Ethiopia and Sudan because every time these countries appear on the news, it always talks about poverty, war and all bad news. This is one of the most commonly heard explanations especially from westerners when asked why they don’t want to go to Africa. Especially people who only hear about Africa from the news and watch National Geography have this kind of understanding. This statement is biased because Africa is not the place where only the bad events like poverty, war and HIV/AIDS occur. The western media only concentrate on these characters and give their attention to the negative news only. Therefore by presenting only the worst side of Africa, people are mislead and forget all the good things that Africa has to provide for the rest of the world. But for those who got the chance to go to countries in Africa, they see the truth and experience the other side of...
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...information but there are weaknesses. The weaknesses of this research method would be that the business would have to spend a lot of time researching as the business would be holding a lot of information so it may be hard for them to decide which information to use. The business could be finding information whether or not to stop selling a certain product to the customers as it may not be selling or profiting the business. But the information which they have will be valid as it’s from the business itself. All of the sale figures of the products would be on the businesses system which the business would be able to access. The weakness will cause the business make the wrong decision and I think that there will be a 10% chance of them making a bad decision from this. This is because all of the information that the business will have will be valid and reliable to use. So the business may make the decision to stop selling certain foods as they may not be selling or they may try to promote them more by using special offers or offer a loyalty scheme when the customers buy the foods. This would then increase the sales of the foods which weren’t selling. The business would have got the information from the EPOS system so it would be reliable to use. So this would support them in the decision making as it would be reliable information to use and it would be facts and figures. To solve the weaknesses the business should spend more time researching the information from their system to make...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Journal of Accounting and Economics 45 (2008) 27–54 www.elsevier.com/locate/jae The contracting benefits of accounting conservatism to lenders and borrowers$ Jieying Zhangà Leventhal School of Accounting, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Received 1 March 2004; received in revised form 17 May 2007; accepted 8 June 2007 Available online 19 July 2007 Abstract This paper examines the ex post and ex ante benefits of accounting conservatism to lenders and borrowers in the debt contracting process. I expect conservatism to benefit lenders ex post through the timely signaling of default risk, as manifested by accelerated covenant violations, and to benefit borrowers ex ante through lower initial interest rates. Consistent with these predictions, I find that more conservative borrowers are more likely to violate debt covenants following a negative price shock, and that lenders offer lower interest rates to more conservative borrowers. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: M41; G32 Keywords: Conservatism; Debt contracting; Covenant violation; Spread 1. Introduction While positive accounting theory suggests that accounting conservatism enhances efficiency in the debt contracting process (Watts and Zimmerman, 1986; Watts, 2003a, b), there is little empirical evidence on the debt contracting benefits of conservatism. In this paper, I provide evidence on the ex post and ex ante benefits of conservatism to lenders and...
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...Reject inference applied to large data sets Customer Inserts His/Her Name Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name Writer Inserts Date Here (Day, Month, Year) Reject inference applied to large data sets Introduction One of the most common use of reject inference technique is negotiation and application scoring. When prospective customers approaches a bank for a loan, it is important to evaluate their credit worthiness or rather if they are likely to default on the loan. Therefore, appropriate models are usually applied, which are pegged upon the bank’s previous performance, and on discovering the fundamental characteristics that could be useful in establishing the prospects of new customers. Apparently,...
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...HYPOTHESIS: 7 METHODOLOGY 8 SAMPLING 8 SAMPLING DESIGN 8 Sample Frame 8 Sampling Method 8 Sample Size 9 RESEARCH DESIGN 9 DATA ANALYSIS 12 APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE 14 APPENDIX 2 FACTS & FIGURES 18 RECOMMENDATIONS Error! Bookmark not defined. CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 344 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report is based on the research and in depth analysis of the consumer preference of Karachi between two bakeries “Pie in the Sky” and “Hobnob” and focuses on key areas on the fact that Pie in the Sky, being a new entrant will be able to form a strong brand image like Hobnob. We have focused on primary research which was done through questionnaires distributed to different universities of Karachi, as well as interviews with some young males and females. As you have got the idea that our research is based on comparing two brands, “Pie in the Sky” and “Hobnob”. Pie in the Sky has achieved fame respect and appreciation in a small span of time. Their aim is to make delicious, hygienic sweets and achieve a status in this market, keeping in mind the competitors. They have over 150 varieties of sweets, cakes, ice creams, etc. We tried comparing it with Hobnob which has been the lead in this market, to see how well it is doing and tried to predict that what sort of a future it can have. Pie in the Sky being a new born has done well, which we saw through our research. Basically...
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...East end Computing & Business College Assignment Title: Unit-6: Business Decision Making Submitted To Submitted By Name: Id: Date of Submission: Table of Contents Introduction 4 Assignment One 4 Q1. A plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for the above scenario 4 Q2. Present the survey methodology and sampling frame used 5 Q3. Design a questionnaire to know the opinion of students and staff on the matter 5 Q4. Create information for decision making by summarizing data using representative values 7 Q5. Analyze the results to draw valid conclusions in the above scenario 9 Q6. Produce graphs using spreadsheets and draw valid conclusions based on the information derived from the survey 10 Q7. Create trend lines in spreadsheet graphs to assist in forecasting so that the college management can forecast what they need to spend in the future 12 Q8. Prepare a business presentation using Microsoft PowerPoint and give a presentation to disseminate information effectively on your findings 12 Q9. Produce a formal business report 12 Assignment Two 13 Q1.a) A frequency table with a class interval of 5 13 Q1.b) Calculation of mean, variance and standard deviation 14 Q1.c) Score corresponds to 50% percentile 17 Q1.d) Calculation of the location of third quartile 17 Q2. Calculation of the Karl Pearson’s co-efficient of correlation between monthly income (in hundreds of pounds) and monthly telephone bills (in pounds) 18 Assignment...
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...workload, the ‘same day’ processing of demands, etc… did recognize the need for consequent quality control methods. The company did note that customers subscribing to a new insurance police are very unhappy about mistakes made in their personal data and also that correcting those mistakes are time and cost intensive. DAV identified customer service as a potential vector to improve its customer satisfaction and needs a methodology to accurately and undisputedly measure the accuracy level of the registration process at New Policies’ department. Using the SPC method DAV attempts to track in a quantifiable manner how high/low the level of inaccuracy of the process (and not explicitly the employees). SPC is part of TQM and is originally designed for quality control in manufacturing environment. Manufacturing corporations do quantify the limits of a manufactured product in measurable units (variables). The challenge when transposing this method to services industries is to quantify human actions, and appreciate the limits of that action. (Attributes) ‘When is a service good or bad?‘ How would you explain to a bank manager (background in operations= zero) the meaning of a p chart In statistical quality control, the p-chart is a type of control chart used to monitor the proportion of nonconforming units in a sample. The p-chart only accommodates "pass"/"fail"-type inspection as determined by one or more go-no go gauges or tests, effectively applying the specifications to the data...
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...statistics calculated from samples to estimate the values of population parameters. Select Random Sample Sample for (statistic) Calculate to estimate Becomes Population Parameter. BASIC Example: Soft Drink Bottler μ=600, σ=10. Normal Distribution. What is P(X>598)? p(x<598) . Sampling Dist.of the Mean – Distribution of all Possible Sample Means if you select a sample of a certain size. μX= μ. μ = i=1NXiN (formula for mean) . σ = i=1N(Xi-μ)2N Although you do not know how close the sample mean of any particular sample selected comes to the pop mean, you know that the mean of all possible sample means that could have been selected = the pop mean. Standard error is calculating the probability of a certain amount of error. EXAMPLE: Standard error is . As n increases decreases. CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM: Regardless of shape of individual values in distribution; as long as sample size is large enough the sampling distribution of the mean will be approximately normally distributed with μX= μ and σX= σ . For most population distributions n ≥ 30 will be large enough. For symmetric population distributions, n ≥ 5 is sufficient. For normal population distributions, the sampling distribution of the mean is always normally distributed EXAMPLE: SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROPORTION. π is the proportion of items in the population with a characteristic of interest. p is the sample proportion and provides an estimate of π. Underlying Sample distribution is binomial...
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...Lang Kenan-Flagler Business School University of North Carolina September 2007 Forthcoming, Journal of Accounting Research * Corresponding author: Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 94305-5015, mbarth@stanford.edu. We appreciate helpful comments from Bill Beaver, Utpal Bhattacharya, Ole-Kristian Hope, Karl Lins, Doug Shackelford, Steve Young, Patricia Walters, T.J. Wong, Ray Ball (editor), an anonymous referee, and workshop participants at the Athens University of Economics and Business, Southern Methodist University, the 2005 Pennsylvania State University Accounting Research Conference, the 2005 Joint Journal of Accounting ResearchLondon Business School Conference on International Financial Reporting Standards, the 2006 New York University International Accounting Convergence and Capital Markets Integration Conference; research assistance of Yang Gui, Yaniv Konchitchki, and Christopher Williams; and funding from the Center for Finance and Accounting Research, Kenan-Flagler Business School. International Accounting Standards and Accounting Quality Abstract We examine whether application of International Accounting Standards is associated with higher accounting quality. The application of IAS reflects the combined effects of features of the financial reporting system, including standards, their interpretation, enforcement, and litigation. We find that firms applying IAS from 21 countries generally evidence less earnings management, more timely loss recognition...
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...INSTITUTE For Technology and Management Bangalore [pic] AN ASSIGNMENT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR On [pic] “INDIAN RAILWAYS” Submitted To: Submitted By: Prof.SRI KUMAR PRAMIL KUMAR GUPTA BANGALORE PGDM 2009-11/31 Introduction: Indian Railways.... the golden Era 16th April, 1853...............The Beginning The first railway on Indian sub-continent ran over a stretch of 21 miles from Bombay to Thane. The idea of a railway to connect Bombay with Thane, Kalyan and with the Thal and Bhore Ghats inclines first occurred to Mr. George Clark, the Chief Engineer of the Bombay Government, during a visit to Bhandup in 1843. The formal inauguration ceremony was performed on 16th April 1853, when 14 railway carriages carrying about 400 guests left Bori Bunder at 3.30 pm "amidst the loud applause of a vast multitude and to the salute of 21 guns." The first passenger train steamed out of Howrah station destined for Hooghly, a distance of 24 miles, on 15th August, 1854. INDIAN RAILWAYS, the premier transport organisation of the country is the largest rail network in Asia and the world’s second largest under one management.Indian Railways is a multi-gauge, multi-traction system covering the following: |Track Kilometres |Broad Gauge |Metre Gauge |Narrow Gauge (762/610 mm) |Total | | ...
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...Rick Ross, Lil Wayne & 2 Chainz 17. Ocho Cinco Featuring MGK, Los, Red Cafe & Diddy BONUS TRACK: 18. 40 Featuring Trey Songz & FABOLOUS Executive Producers: Sean “Diddy” Combs And Rick Ross Co-Executive Producer: Harve Pierre and Management: Gabriel Acevedo for G. Starr Management PC2013 Bad Boy/Interscope Records. All rights reserved. Unauthorized duplication is a violation of applicable laws. 01. Once In A While Featuring Max B Written By: Karim Kharbouch, Sharif Slater, Fenrick Gibbs, Skip Prokop, Kanye West, Dwayne Carter, Dominick Lamb, Norman Landsberg, Felix Pappalardi, John Ellis Ventura, Leslie Weinstein, Charly Wingate Published By: Excuse My French Music (ASCAP), 239 Music(Ascap), Steel Matic Production/Bug Music (BMI), Ole Purple Cape Music (BMI), Please Gimme My Publishing Inc/Emi Blackwood Music Inc (BMI), Young Money Publishing, Inc/Warner Tamerlane Publishing Corp. (BMI), Teamsta Entertainment Music/Songs Of Universal (BMI), Universal Music Careers (BMI), Universal Music-Mbg Songs (Ascap), Admin By Amalgaminc (ASCAP) Produced By: Reefa, Co-Produced By: Rick Steel French Montana Recorded By: Steve “Rock Star” Dickey At Daddy’s House Recording Studio New York, NY Mixed By: Steve “Rock Star” Dickey At Daddy’s House Recording...
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