...INTRODUCTION TO POWER FACTOR Your hometown community-owned services provider WHAT IS POWER FACTOR? Low Power Factor in your facility can increase your electricity costs, reduce electrical distribution capacity, cause sluggish motor performance and increase the frequency of voltage drops. That’s why it is important to understand what power factor is and what you can do to improve it. Power factor is an energy concept that is related to power flow in electrical systems. To understand power factor, it is helpful to understand three different types of power in electrical systems. Real Power is the power that is actually converted into useful work for creating heat, light and motion. Real power is measured in kilowatts (kW) and is totalized by the electric billing meter in kilowatt-hours (kWH). An example of real power is the useful work that directly turns the shaft of a motor. Reactive Power is the power used to sustain the electromagnetic field in inductive and capacitive equipment. It is the nonworking power component. Reactive power is measured in kilovolt-amperes reactive (kVAR). Reactive power does not appear on the customer billing statement. Total Power or Apparent power is the combination of real power and reactive power. Total power is measured in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) and is totalized by the electric billing meter in kilovolt-ampere-hours (kVAH). Wyandotte Municipal Service provides generation, transmission...
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...in the world. Amongst the most commonly used would be the light bulb. Furthermore, as Prof. Seeram thought of the project by looking at items found in everyday usage, I would assume that the light source in question would be the compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulb. It consists of glass vacuum tubing coated inside with luminophore; this tube contains mercury and argon with an electrode on each end, which is coated in an emission material (Mishra) (Acton). There is also ballast, ballast housing and its base but we will be focusing on the vacuum tube, electrode and ballast housing in this project. Fig 1. Inner workings of CFL bulb Types of material used Looking at the vacuum tube electrode and ballast housing, Table 1 below shows the materials used for each component (Hengdian Group Tospo Lighting Co.,Ltd.). Table 1. Materials used in a CFL bulb Material used in a CFL bulb | Component | Material | Vacuum tube | Soda lime glass | Electrodes | Tungsten covered in (BaO, CaO, SrO) + ZrO2 | Ballast Housing | PBT (Polybutylene-terephthalate) or PET (Polyethylene- terephthalate) | Critical material properties and testing standards for components Table 2 below shows the critical material properties for the components used as well as the general standards used in the United States of America for testing if any. Table 2. Critical material properties and testing standards Critical material properties and standards used in a CFL bulb | Component | Critical...
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...Article Commentary No. 02 TEAM: MARS Student name: * Chotun Kumar Debnath ID: 20120206001 * Harish Chandra Chackraborty ID: 20120206005 Team Leader * MostafizurRahman ID: 20120206021 * Md. Parvez Rana Bhuiyan ID: 20120206024 * Babla Chandra Rudra ID: 20120206027 Article Title: Supplier development and cost management in Southeast Asia- Results from a field study Author(s): Marc Wouters, Ewout van Jarwaarde, Bianca Groen University of Twente, The Netherlands Journal: Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management 13(2007) 1. What is/are the research question(s)? The research questions are as follows: * What motives do international companies in Southeast Asia have for buying from local suppliers and investing in supplier development? * What priorities do international companies have for local supplier development initiatives? * What practice do international companies use for developing local suppliers? * How do companies manage the risk of transaction-specific investments in local supplier development in Southeast Asia? 2. Main theoretical arguments or hypotheses: Arguments: a) Motives for Supplier Development * Cost advantages * Reduction of lead times * Government regulation * Reduction of supplier dependency b) Priorities for Supplier Development, c) Supplier Development practices ...
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...European M&A Construction Monitor Trends for 2011–2013: Defaults, Deleveraging, Diversification and DBFM Deloitte Real Estate – European M&A Construction Monitor 2012 December 2012 European M&A Construction Monitor is a publication edited and distributed by Deloitte. Director Jurriën Veldhuizen, partner Real Estate, The Netherlands Kees Zachariasse, M&A partner Real Estate, The Netherlands Coordinated by Harm Drent Hinse Boonen Steven Vrendenbarg Laurens Kil Contact Real Estate Department, Deloitte Netherlands Phone: +88 288 3281 Fax: +88 288 9752 December 2012 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Looking back 3. Going forward 4. European construction and infrastructure group contacts 5 6 12 19 European M&A Construction Monitor Trends for 2011–2013: Defaults, Deleveraging, Diversification and DBFM 3 4 1. Introduction Market trends: Defaults, deleveraging, diversification and DBFM The number of deals decreased in 2011 compared with 2010. Uncertainty in the market was a major factor for this decline. Although uncertainty remains omnipresent in 2012, M&A activity is expected to increase, even though the average deal size will be smaller compared with previous years. Small and medium-sized companies are the main targets, provided they are of interest to the limited number of larger construction companies active in the European M&A market. Survival techniques – including deleveraging, diversification and reorganisations – have been and will continue to be applied...
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