...quickens ,your senses becomes sharper. These reactions increases your stamina, speeds your reaction, and enhance your focus preparing you to either fight or flee (Tennant, john hopkins university schools of education, 2005) .it is optimistic when a person feels stimulated and able to manage the situation, handle emergencies meet challenges and excel. (Tennant, 2005) But there is no doubt that the negative effects dominates over the positives. . Stress is often related to deleterious physiological complications, It corrupts almost every system in the human body (Melinda Smith, 2012).A recent study has shown that 80% of the most commonly prescripted medicines in the U.S. are those of relates to stress illnesses (institute, 2009) .Everyone experience stress, and stress in all of its kinds may affect people mainly by causing diseases in the cardiovascular system, increasing the probability of looking old in early age, and harming the reproductive system. Who said emotional sickness cannot be visual? When stress is threatening your life you begin to visualize its signs and tracks. That is when heart diseases start coming to light. All though the effect is...
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...The reasons why smoking is dangerous and unadvisable are vast. It is important that smokers learn to avoid the practice because it slowly affects their health negatively and may lead to death eventually. Majority of the systems in the human body are affected by continuous smoking of cigarettes and other drugs. Usually, smoking involves inhaling of puffs of smokes of such things as tobacco and other drugs which have some effects on an individual. The person may be doing this as he seeks pleasure, relaxation and other means to satisfy his addiction. Smoking is not a practice to encourage and as we shall see, it affects the lives of persons negatively. Smoking affects the digestive system. This is where it affects the release of certain hormones that deal with digestion of food in the human body. Such hormones include rennin and pepsin in the stomach. These are the hormones involved in the digestion of proteins. Rennin is involved in the process of curdling milk while pepsin changes proteins to peptides. This may affect the health of a person excessively if it is no controlled. Some of these problems are digestion problems. Smoking may also slow down the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. This is the acid that kills bacteria present in food. This makes food to pass fast enough before the aid is produced. When this happens, the hydrochloric acid ends up corroding the walls of the stomach when released since it does not find any food. The corroded walls of the stomach are...
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...procedure-in which a knee or a hip is replaced with an artificial implant-is highly invasive, and many patients delay said surgery for as long as they can. A doctor by the name of Jennifer Elisseeff , a biomedical engineer at Johns Hopkins University, hopes to change that with a simple and quick procedure that does away with surgery entirely. Dr. Elisseeff and her colleagues have developed a way to inject joints with specially designed mixtures of polymers, cells, and growth stimulators that solidify and form healthy tissue. This form of technology can eliminate the need for many expensive and dangerous surgeries. Surgeries involving muscle development, the cardio vascular system, and even limb repair after a traumatic incident. This form of technology can improve our health care system dramatically and open new windows of opportunity for new forms of medicine. Even the possibility for new cures for diseases that we currently fight every day such as cancer and possibly even HIV, eliminating the need for long and expensive treatments. As well as repairing worn or damaged tissue, this form of engineering can also be used in the future for growing new organs or limbs to replace old damaged or missing ones. If a patient is in need of a new heart, they will no longer have to wait for months or years for one to become available. One can be systematically grown over the course of a few weeks and be transplanted much more efficiently. With the ability to repair...
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...Diabetes, also known as hyperglycemia, and heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, are two of the top chronic health conditions facing Americans today. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Americans are currently facing more diagnoses than ever before with type II diabetes and heart disease, which nearly triples the amount of diabetic diagnoses as compared to 10 to 20 years ago. It is estimated that nearly 26 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes as of 2010, with almost 2 million of those diagnosed individuals aged 20 or older. Would you believe that 26 million people is over 8% of our population with a diabetic diagnosis? Despite all of those suffering from diabetes, it’s heart disease that takes the prize for claiming the lives of more than 600,000 Americans each year. That means that 1 out of every 4 deaths was brought on from some form of cardiovascular disease. Even with these all-time high reported cases of diabetes and heart disease, it is suspected that there are millions of Americans whose cases never get reported to the Center for Disease Control because the disease was present and not detected, or the information was reported incorrectly to the agency. Diabetes is affecting more individuals without any regard to age, race or gender, while heart disease has been detected in individuals at much younger ages than in the past, effecting people as young as their 20s as opposed to their 60s and 70s. Heart disease too has no regard...
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...Chronic Disease Assessment Cognitive Decline affects many people. It is a disease that many over look in their concerns for heart disease, cancer or even diabetes. However, the steady decline of a person’s metal capacity is a scary prospect. As years pass in life people will joke a tease bout how old age is the cause of loss of memory regarding events and appointments, but in truth the possibility of cognitive decline is a very real problem for certain individuals. While it is true this is a daunting possibility, it is important to know cognitive decline does not have to be a certain end. Cognitive decline is the decline in a person’s mental ability to think. This kind of chronic disease can effect mental functions, including memory, calculation, verbal ability, abstraction and judgment. Most people are more familiar with the terms Alzheimer’s or dementia as titles for this form of disease (Life Resource Center, 2013). This change in a person is viewed as a loss of self and the memories, talents, and attitudes that makes him or her who they are. That is why so many people fear the effects of cognitive decline. It is a disease that effects people on a very personal level and many believe there is no way to counter it or avoid it. However, that is not always the case. The risk factors for cognitive decline are various. However, this is not simply a consequence of age as it was once believed. Instead, lifestyle plays a large role in the loss of cognitive processing abilities...
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...The Factors that effect cardiac output The Cardiovascular system is responsible for the transport of blood, oxygen and nutrients, to the tissues in the body. There are two components that are important to the system the heart, which pumps the blood, and arteries and veins that transport the blood to and from the tissues. The function of the system is crucial during exercise. Studies involving cardiovascular system focuses on the responses and adaptions of the cardiovascular system to exercise, such as the effects of the structure and function of the blood vessels and the relationship between exercise and neurological control of the heart i.e. cardiac output. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in a minute. Cardiac output is determined by the equation Q = HR x SV, the amount of blood expelled with each beat (stroke volume) in combination with the number of beats per minute (heart rate), the amount of blood return, and the resistance to blood flow through vessels. During exercise the heart rate usually increases causing an increase of cardiac output and bringing more blood to the muscles. However, heart rate alone doesn’t improve cardiac output, but along with muscle demand of oxygen. The demand for more oxygen causes vasodilation, allowing an increase in blood flow and the return of blood back to the heart. Some factors that facilitate improvement in cardiac output for performance are intensity, duration, and aerobic/anaerobic exercises. ...
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...cardiovascular system can be broken down into two words 'cardio' or 'cardi' meaning heart and 'vascular' meaning blood vessels Roberts, (2010). The cardiovascular system is also known as the circulatory system Roberts, (2010). The whole meaning cardiovascular system can be explained as a system consisting of the heart, blood vessels, arteries and veins which carry blood around the body and takes oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and removes wastes products from the tissue cells Roberts, (2010) that make up the body’s other ten systems. These consist of Integumentary (skin, nails and hair), skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine (hormones), lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive The cardiovascular system depends on all the systems above functionally normally as it is the body's key transport system Peters, (2004) The Respiratory system consists of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and thoracic cage, it also consists of the nose, the pharynx, trachea and our lungs Peters, (2004) where in addition to the maintaining exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and tissues, the respiratory system helps regulate the body’s acid base balance Peters, (2004). Every cell in the body needs oxygen to help release energy into the body Sang, (2005) and needs to get rid of waste product such as carbon dioxide to function; the respiratory System allows this to happen by breathing air into the lungs allowing the cardiovascular System to transport...
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...develop in 1932 by physiologist Walter Cannon (Busch 2013)). As defined in Tortora (1990) homeostasis “is a condition where the body’s internal environment remains within certain physiological limits”. To ensure a stable internal environment or balance an optimal concentration of gases, nutrients, ions, and water should be maintained, along with an optimal temperature and pressure for the health of cells (Tortora, p.22). The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are able to maintain the first one. Some of the other organs in the body involved with homeostasis are pancreas, kidneys and skin. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work in conjunction to maintain the body’s internal balance. The cardiovascular system relates to the circulatory system, which consists of the blood, the heart and blood vessels. (Tortora, p.546). The blood carries oxygen and nutrients from the lungs to the cells and tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other waste from the cells to the lungs (www.medicinenet.com). The respiratory system includes the organs involved in breathing, the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs (www.medicinenet.com). This is where the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs. The maintenance of the body’s internal balance starts when air is breathed into the body through the upper respiratory tract into the lower respiratory tract – the lungs (Terfera and Jegtvig). Here the oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood stream through the lungs...
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...12148725 Date: 19/02/16 Lab 3: The Effect of Exercise on the Human Cardiovascular System Introduction: During exercise there is an increased demand for energy. The metabolic processes involved in the production of ATP require oxygen. As a result there is an increase in oxygen consumption and an increase in the production of carbon dioxide as a waste product. As the body produces more carbon dioxide there is a greater need to expel this excess carbon dioxide. In order to fulfil this function there is an increase in respiratory activity. This increase in respiratory activity leads to an increase in cardiovascular activity. The primary role of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. When exercising the skeletal muscles require more oxygen to aid in metabolic processes and the heart has to beat harder and faster to ensure the muscles have sufficient oxygen. The aims and objectives of this practical experiment were to record the effects of exercise or work on cardiovascular parameters and to record the effects of exercise on body temperature. The cardiovascular parameters measured in this lab include, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), duration of the PR segment and RR interval. Materials and Methods: The materials and methods were followed as per EQ4058 Equine Exercise Physiology Practical Manual, Lab 4 the Effect of Exercise on the Human Cardiovascular System. Results: Table 1 shows the results obtained when group b measured the cardiovascular...
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...1. In your own words, provide a definition for “homeostatic regulator” and “homeostatic conformer”. Describe an example of an animal that is a regulator with regards to one physical condition but a conformer with regards to a different condition. -Homeostatic regulator is one in which it uses internal mechanisms to control internal change in the face external fluctuation. (an otter regulates body temp independently of exterior cold water). -Homeostatic conformer is one in which the organism if it allows an external influence the internal conditions of the organism. (Bass fish conforms to the temp of the lake that it inhibits) 2. In your own words, provide a definition for poikioltherm, homeotherm, ectotherm and endotherm. Provide an example of an animal for each of the following combinations and explain why it fits these terms: - Poikioltherm: An animals whose body temp varies with the surrounding temperature -Homeotherm: An organism such as a bird or mammal, having a body temp that is constant and largely independent of the temperature surrounding. -Ectotherm- heat acquired from external environment -Endotherm- heat generated by metabolism Poikilotherm & ectotherm: Fish, amphibians, reptiles. Poikilotherm & endotherm: Mammals and birds, insects Homeotherm & ectotherm: tropical reptiles Homeotherm & endotherm: Mostly birds and mammals 3. Describe the 4 mechanisms through which animals exchange heat with their environments. -Radiation: Release...
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...All invertebrates will have different circulatory systems, but they will have one of the main three. Therefore they should have either a closed/open circulatory system, use diffusion, or have the water vascular system. In a more primitive creature such as the starfish, they use the water vascular system. Because of this, their circulatory system is very basic, it flows water into them through their madreporite, then out through their tube feet. Thus, this aids them in movement, but they move very slowly since the water is flowing in and out of their body. Another primitive animal such as the flatworm will require diffusion as their circulatory system. They will diffuse their waste and unnecessary nutrients out through their skin and into the...
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...The Cardiovascular System - car-di-o-vas-cu-lar sys-tem also called the circulatory system. This system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood that travels through the blood vessels to all parts of the body, including nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide. The heart works as a pump and it works really hard within the body, it is said to be the hardest working organ in the body, the heart is about the size of a fist and pump over five liters of blood throughout the body every minute that seems like a lot doesn't it, think about a one liter soda well five of those equal five liters, but remember the body just recycle the blood over and over, the heat pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to...
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...Firstly, due to dynamic exercise, we hypothesised that dynamic exercise will increase heart rate, systolic pressure, pulse pressure, but decreases diastolic pressure due to vasodilation of the aorta, and the mean arterial will remain the same. The figures illustrate the effect of exercise for instance figure 1, 3 ,4, and 5 shows an increase in systolic pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate and mean arterial pressure compared to at rest, whereas figure 2 shows a decrease in diastolic pressure due to peripheral vasodilation, which facilitates blood flow to the working muscles. Secondly, during dynamic exercise, the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system start activation. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight-or-flight"...
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...Before we begin to discuss the effect massage does, or does not have on the cardiovascular system, first I will clearly define both. The cardiovascular system, is an organ system that helps the body to maintain homeostasis, by way of blood circulation and the transport of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, carbon dioxide, and blood cells that flows throughout the body to help fight disease, and stabilizes the normal body functions. Such diseases that I will be discussing, and that are effected by the cardiovascular system are, heart disease, leukemia, cardiac arrest, and congestive heart failure. Massage, on the other hand is the manipulation of the muscle and connective tissue, that helps to enhance function, and helps to aid the healing process...
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...The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Anatomy & Physiology of Sport and Exercise Task 2: Laboratory Report BTEC Extended Diploma in Sports and Exercise Science Year 1 Contents Page 1 Front Page 2 Contents Page 3 –8 Introduction 9 Method 10-11 Results 12-18 Discussion Introduction The hypothesis for this project is to look at the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system (heart rate and blood pressure) and the respiratory system (breathing rate) which will increase with exercise. This is because as we begin to exercise our bodies demand for oxygen rises as the need for energy increases, therefore we must breathe at a faster rate in order to supply oxygenated blood to the working muscles. The heart must beat quicker in order to push the oxygenated blood to the working muscles and this in turn will increase blood pressure. The Cardiovascular System. The cardiovascular system does not consist of the lungs. Cardio = the heart Vascular = the blood and blood vessels The function of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to every cell in the body and carry hormones to different parts of the body. Remove waste products from energy production, maintain body temperature and homeostasis. The function of the blood vessels in particular is to deliver oxygen rich blood around the body and remove waste products. ...
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