...serious and long-lasting, like the one in Japan from 1991 to 2002. The most recent is the financial crisis that started in the US in July 2007 and is playing out in front of us today. It is also the most serious, systemic, and global since the Great Depression of 1932. A banking or financial crisis can be defined as a dislocation of the banking system where a significant number of banks and other financial institutions become illiquid and insolvent due to massive defaults on bank loans and other assets. An escalation of non-performing assets of banks will result in heavy losses depleting banks' capital. Banks become insolvent when their debt obligations (liabilities) exceed the value of their assets, i.e., the sale proceeds from their assets are inadequate to pay for their debts. Conditions preceding a banking crisis - financial deregulation Unbridled deregulation of the financial industry is at the heart of financial instability and crises. What began as a trickle became a wave and today it has broken loose as a financial tsunami engulfing the whole world. Prior to the 1970s, commercial banks and savings and loans associations (S&Ls) in the US were tightly regulated to protect depositors' money. They could not engage in risky lending, interest was not paid on checking accounts, and there were ceilings on interest paid by these institutions. These were progressively loosened beginning in the early 1970s. In 1982,...
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...1. DEFINITION: FOREIGN EXCHANGE One of the largest businesses carried out by the commercial bank is foreign trading. The trade among various countries falls for close link between the parties dealing in trade. The situation calls for expertise in the field of foreign operations. The bank, which provides such operation, is referred to as rending international banking operation. Mainly transactions with overseas countries are respects of import; export and foreign remittance come under the preview of foreign exchange transactions. International trade demands a flow of goods from seller to buyer and of payment from buyer to seller. In this case the bank plays a vital role to bridge between the buyer and seller. H.E. Evitt defined “Foreign Exchange” as the means and methods by which rights to wealth expressed in terms of the currency of one country are converted into rights to wealth in terms of the currency of another country. Foreign Exchange Department is an international department of the bank. It deals with globally and facilitates international trade through its various modes of services. It bridges between importers and exporters. Bangladesh Bank issues license to scheduled banks to deal with foreign exchange. These banks are known as Authorized Dealers. If the branch is authorized dealer in foreign exchange market, it can remit foreign exchange from local country to foreign country. This department mainly deals with foreign currency. This is why this department is...
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...dollars from bank costumers, and caused high unemployment rates. This has been going on for a long time and is only getting worse. Some say the government needs to stay out of the crisis and some say the government needs more regulation. In order to save our economy from the financial crisis, the government needs to enact proper regulations. The aim of those regulations must be to release the harms of corrupt business practices, keep bank customers from loosing money, and keep borrowers from being victimized by the fine print of their contracts. The first and most immediate problem of the financial crisis is continually increasing unemployment. The problem is best demonstrated by the threat is poses to the financial well-being of many people. “If there's no money flow, it's pretty hard to make more money and companies start to lay off workers” (Wikihow n.pag.). The whole crisis is like a cycle. Businesses make bad investments, consumers stop buying their product, and it hurts both the businesses and the customers. When the people stop buying, the businesses loose money and cannot pay workers. Therefore, unemployment rates go up. “Historical experience suggests that youth, immigrants, low-skilled and older workers are more likely to bear the brunt of rising unemployment“ (Scarpetta n.pag.). Another problem is, “job losses are spreading to sectors that they were not directly supposed to be” (Scarpetta n.pag.). Construction is among the most affected sector. “Many banks and other...
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...Cyclermate Ltd. Part 1 Historical background In 1988, Lewis Llewellyn and Dai Armstrong were made redundant as a result of the closure of their town’s steel works in south Wales. Both had been employed by the firm for more than 20 years. Lewis had worked his way up from apprentice to be chief mill engineer, and Dai had progressed from “office boy” to a senior marketing post. The men belonged to the local cycle touring club, and through this had become close friends. As the prospects for continued local employment were poor, they decided to use their savings to set up a bicycle manufacturing business – an obvious choice, given their shared interest, and combined expertise. The product they selected was a “traditional” upright cycle, following a design typical of the 1940’s and 1950’s. They believed that there would be a strong “niche” market for such a product, given the upsurge in interest in cycling, and increasing consumer interest in “retro” styles. Working in Lewis’s garage, they built their first prototype. Dai persuaded a local cycle shop to put this on show. Within week they had two orders, and the business was launched. By the end of 1990, the business had grown to such an extent that they were unable to meet demand. Taking advantage of the relatively low prices of commercial and industrial property, they purchased a disused 15,000 square feet warehouse with an included 2,000 square feet of office accommodation for £240,000. The buildings were big for their...
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...loan case, now being dubbed as Hallmark Scam because of its huge size and indifference, deliberate or otherwise, on the part of the management of the country’s largest public sector bank, has come as a real shocker. As the details of the scam are coming out gradually, the people concerned are suspecting that something has gone seriously wrong inside the state-owned banks. The Hallmark corruption with Sonali bank is one of the biggest scam of Bangladesh. The finance minister's initial comment on Bangladesh Bank's authority to recommend the change is not justified. The managerial system errors was the lack of audit teams; special audit teams, investigation team and supervision teams of all the government, non-government and specialized banks and they should be trained to be better adapted. The faulty system of our country led this thing to take place. The people working under the Sonali bank were not fully ethical and loyal and that is one of the reasons for such corruption taking place. The minister, however, did not comment on how strong the presence of political appointments could be on the boards of the state-owned commercial banks (SOCBs). A central bank official alleged that some board members were also involved in the Hall-Mark scam, adding that the Bangladesh Bank informed the finance ministry about it but they were silent where they should have taken necessary steps to get rid of such fraudulent activity. People who have experiences in finance...
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...Introduction: Bangladesh is one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. The people of this country are deeply committed to Islamic way of life as enshrined in the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah. Naturally, it remains a deep cry in their hearts to fashion and design their economic lives in accordance with the precepts of Islam. One of the nation’s leading banking specialists of uncompromising quality in several world class banking. The leading banking company of Bangladesh has been making every effort to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the financing which it makes sure. Islami bank provides the highest quality financing at comfortable facilities to fulfill the needs of the millions of people of the country. The establishment of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited on March 13, 1983, is the true reflection of this inner urge of its people, which started functioning with effect from March 30, 1983. This Bank is the first of its kind in Southeast Asia. It is committed to conduct all banking and investment activities on the basis of interest-free profit-loss sharing system. In doing so, it has unveiled a new horizon and us hared in a new silver lining of hope towards materializing a long cherished dream of the people of Bangladesh for doing their banking transactions in line with what is prescribed by Islam. With the...
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...Coursework 1 - Microeconomic concepts Every organization has to analyze its business environment before making policies and strategies for its day to day operations, marketing and promotional efforts, and competing with the industry rivals (Loudon, Stevens, & Wrenn 2004). The key factors of the business environment that affect the business operations of a company include political, economic, technological, environmental, cultural, and demographical factors. This essay will explain various markets structures which are monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition and monopolistic competition. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impacts of different environmental factors on the business operations of Barclays. The discussion has been made in the light of international accepted microeconomics concepts and practices. Market structures Monopoly is a market structure, where only a single seller producing a product having no close substitutes. This single seller may be in the form of an individual owner or a single partnership or a Joint Stock Company. Such a single firm in market is called monopolist. Monopolist is price maker and has a control over the market supply of goods. On the other hand, Perfect competition a market structure characterized by a large number of firms so small relative to the overall size of the market, such that no single firm can affect the market price or quantity exchanged. Perfectly competitive firms are price takers. Moving on, in an oligopoly...
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...highly efficient provisions for secondary market activities of securities. Origin of the topic This term paper originated as an academic requirement of BBA Program. This is authorized and organized by the department of BBA. After completion of the program period a student must submit the term paper on the assigned topic to the Supervisor and to the department. The program is three months duration. I was assigned to Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited, to complete the program. Objective of the study Objectives of this study are as follows- - To present an overview of Dhaka Stock Exchange. -To identify the trend line of DSE and that of those securities incorporated in DSE. -To identify the strength and performance of DSE 5 Banks. . -To compare among DSE 5 Banks. . -To develop the practical knowledge by the practical orientation of Work. Scope of the Study Scope of the study could be to understand contribution of stock exchange in economic development of a country. The economy of Ban in gaining in confidence and scope for development of capital market is gaining ground. If we can educate the investors regarding risk in management and adopt suitable legal measure to protect the investor’s interest, a substantial volume of saving of masses will flow into capital markets economic growth leads to increase national incomes and thus savings, which in turn are often channeled into the capital market. Limitation of the Study I have been provided with all necessary information at Dhaka ...
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...Gross Settlement System (RGTS) 15 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) 16 Mobile Banking: 17 Direct Benefit Transfer 21 ABSTRACT With rapid advances in technology, changing according to modern times has become a prerequisite to survive in this highly competitive world. As people are becoming increasingly aware of the consequences of their financial decisions, their needs and expectations have rose to high levels. Banking institutions are facing competition not only from each other but also from non-bank financial intermediaries as well as from alternative sources of financing. Almost everything is available to the customer at his/her doorstep and is just a click away. All this cannot be done with the facility of online financial transactions. Thus, internet banking is the need of the hour. This report gives a detailed overview of e-banking services, why it has become so prevalent and what are the advantages/ disadvantages of using e-banking. It highlights the way banks can ensure secure online transactions and how they prevent online thefts. It also touches upon the latest updates in the field of e-banking...
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...a period of two years. Out of the total project cost, 49% is brought in by General Motors and the rest is tied up with financial institutions, international banks and Indian banks. The working capital is financed by a consortium of banks in which Global bank, Pune branch, is the leader. The company imports many parts of the car engine in a CKD (completely knocked down) condition from General Motors, Detroit, after establishing import letters of credit through its main bankers, Global Bank, Pune Branch. M/S Auto India approached Global Bank, Pune for opening of import letter of credit as per UCP ICC 600 for USD 100,000, on sight basis, in favour of General Motors, Detroit. Type of credit Application Applicant Beneficiary Issuing Bank Advising Bank Negotiating Bank Reimbursing Bank Availability Expiry Amount Merchandise Quantity and price - Irrevocable negotiable - UCP ICC 600 - M/S Auto India, Pune, India - M/S General Motors, Detroit, USA - Global Bank, Pune, India - The American Bank, New York - The American Bank, New York - International Bank, New York - Negotiable at sight - At the counters of The American Bank, New York - USD 100,000 - Car engine parts - 50 units @ USD 2000 per unit Circumstances Issuing Bank Global Bank, Pune issued its irrevocable negotiable credit through its head office in Pune since Global Bank co-ordinated all...
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...shareholder and management. How to Reduce (1) Threat of job (2) Stock / Share offering (3) Centralized Decision (4) Monitoring Financial Market The market where securities are sold and purchase is called financial market. Financial System The system in which the surplus and deficit which meets together for their mutual benefits. e.g. Bank loan. Surplus Unit The units which have excess money. Deficit Unit The units which need money. Financial Intermediaries The bank, person or party, financial institution which act as a middle man between surplus and deficit units are called financial intermediaries. Three types of financial intermediaries (1) Investment Bank (2) Broker (3) Dealer Investment Bank (a) Under Writing or Initial Public Offering (IPO) IPO: The first prize of the security (b) Best Efforts Offering Underwriting In under writing the bank took the security from the company and tries to sell them in the market. The unsold securities should be purchased by bank. Purchased these securities less than “IPO” price. Best Efforts Offering In this service the bank took the securities from the company and tries to sell in the market. The amount of sold securities and unsold securities return back to the company. Broker (Agent) It is a person which act or perform on the behalf of the owner. Dealer It is a person which work independently Types of Financial Market There are five major types 1 Primary Market ...
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...OVER VIEW OF THE BANK Janata Bank Limited, one of the state owned commercial banks in Bangladesh, has an authorized capital of Tk. 20000 million (approx. US$ 250 million), paid up capital of Tk. 11000.00 million, reserve of Tk.17234 million. The Bank has a total asset of Tk. 508567 million as on 31st December 2012. Immediately after the emergence of Bangladesh in 1971, the erstwhile United Bank Limited and Union Bank Limited were renamed as Janata Bank. On 15th November, 2007 the bank has been corporatised and renamed as Janata Bank Limited. Janata Bank Limited operates through 892 branches including 4 overseas branches at United Arab Emirates. It is linked with 1202 foreign correspondents all over the world. The Bank employees more than 15(fifteen) thousand persons. The mission of the bank is to actively participate in the socio- economic development of the nation by operating a commercially sound banking organization, providing credit to viable borrowers, efficiently delivered and competitively priced, simultaneously protecting depositors funds and providing a satisfactory return on equity to the owners. The Board of Directors is composed of 13 (Thirteen) members headed by a Chairman. The Directors are representatives from both public and private sectors. The Bank is headed by the Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director, who is a reputed banker. The corporate head office is located at Dhaka with 10 (ten) Divisions comprizing of 38 (thirty eight)...
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...AND ICICI BANK DR. ANURAG. B. SINGH*; MS. PRIYANKA TANDON** * Associate Professor LDC Institute of Technical Studies Soraon, Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) India ** Assistant Professor LDC Institute of Technical Studies Soraon, Allahabad India _____________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Banking Sector plays an important role in economic development of a country. The banking system of India is featured by a large network of bank branches, serving many kinds of financial services of the people. The State Bank of India, popularly known as SBI is one of the leading bank of public sector in India. SBI has 14 Local Head Offices and 57 Zonal Offices located at important cities throughout the country. ICICI Bank is second largest and leading bank of private sector in India. The Bank has 2,533 branches and 6,800 ATMs in India. The purpose of the study is to examine the financial performance of SBI and ICICI Bank, public sector and private sector respectively. The research is descriptive and analytical in nature. The data used for the study was entirely secondary in nature. The present study is conducted to compare the financial performance of SBI and ICICI Bank on the basis of ratios such as credit deposit, net profit margin etc. The period of study taken is from the year 2007-08 to 2011-12. The study found that SBI is performing well and financially sound than ICICI Bank but in context of deposits and expenditure ICICI bank has better...
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...“Banking in Your Hand” 11/24/2013 Department of Management Information Systems University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh An Assignment on “Mobile Banking” Prepared by: ID: 05-036 ID: 05-048 ID: 05-053 ID: 05-054 ID: 05-067 Md. Khalilur Rahman Ashik Ahmed Md. Taijul Islam Jowel Sarker Md. Nurul Amin Prepared for: Mr. Ariful Islam Apu Lecturer Department of Management Information Systems University of Dhaka Page 2 of 26 Executive Summary Importance of banking system in a country is increasing day by day. It is quite impossible for any country to develop in industrial and commercial sector without sound banking system in modern economic era. Mobile Banking is one of the significant functions of the bank. It plays a vital role in overall economy of the country. Bank collects information from numerous sources relating to cost and revenue from Customer Management. Globalization of national economies has given a boost to international trade. The seller and the buyer in an international trading transaction must agree for a product or its quality, price etc. enter into a sales contract, spelling out precisely shipping and delivery details, terms of payment, required documentation and other related issues including dispute settlement procedure and legal framework available. The major objectives of my report is to describe the Mobile banking system of our country, measurement the employee behavior and performance, determine the wide range of services, and evaluate the banking...
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...Introduction As an intern software developer for a retail bank, you have been tasked with developing use cases to support the ATM service. Body • Describe a use case, complete with typical and alternate courses, that documents the event of a bank customer withdrawing money from an ATM. Illustrate the use case using Visio or a similar product. This use case describes how the Bank Account Holder uses the ATM to withdraw money his/her bank account. The actors are the Account Holder and the bank. Some of the preconditions that already in us is that: (1) there is an active network connection to the Bank; and (2) the ATM has cash available. In this use case the basic flow of events consists of the following: (1) The Account Holder places card in card slot; (2) the system prompts Account Holder for PIN; (3) the Account Holder enters in PIN; (4)the system verifies the card and PIN are valid and prompts user to select a transaction; (5) the bank customer selects an account; (6) the Account Holder selects Withdrawal; (7) the system retrieves account information and prompts account holder for amount to withdraw; (8) the Account Holder enters the amount; (9) the system verifies that there is enough money in the account to support the withdrawal; (10) the system verifies there is enough cash in the machine to support the withdrawal and replies with a go/no go reply telling if the transaction is ok; (11) The system reduces the account by the amount requested and dispenses money to the...
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