...happen? How could we?” These are the words Dorothea Lang spoke after capturing a photograph of the poor living conditions of a Japanese Internment Camp. During the first few months of the war between America and Japan, the United States government ordered over one hundred and ten thousand Japanese-Americans to be sent to internment camps. The government originally hired Lang to convince the American people that the internees were being treated fairly and international law was not being violated. However, the government decided Lang’s photographs were controversial and impounded them. They have recently begun to resurface such as Lang’s photograph of a boy behind a barbed wire fence ( Lang first began to photograph in the 1920s when she traveled the southwest with her new husband Maynard Dixon. She photographed Native Americans and similar to her documentaries of the internment camps, they too show the sufferings. Lang then began to photograph the deprivations of the Great Depression during the 30’s, such as her most known photograph Migrant Mother (1936, 2.77, p. 216). This photograph is of a thirty-two year old mother with six children. The pea crop that the mother was working at had been frozen, so there was no work. This photograph made a difference in many peoples’ lives who were living in poverty. The government shipped food to migrant camps because the picture was published. This photograph has been used as a symbol of the poor in generations since. Lang contrasts the pale...
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...concentration camps and America had Japanese internment camps. Concentration camps were work camps for the people in Germany who were deemed impure, these people often died of disease, starvation, or cyanide gas. Internment camps were plots of land guarded by layers of barbed wire fences, that the Japanese people were put into with no resources. Nazi concentration camps and Japanese internment camps were essentially the same because both the Jews and the Japanese lost their rights as citizens, in both camps people were dehumanized, and in the two camps were used to jail those who opposed or threatened their governments. Both the Jews and the Japanese lost their rights as citizens of their countries. First in Japanese internment camps the people were classified as non-alien enemies. The loyal Japanese citizens couldn’t even be called citizens anymore but were classified as non-alien enemies. Second before the concentration camps in Germany, the Jewish people were stripped of their rights to everything, their homes, their businesses, and going to...
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...The Manzanar War Relocation Center was one of ten internment camps that housed more than one hundred thousand Japanese Americans who lived on the west coast of the United States of America. This relocation occurred because of Executive Order 9066 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, which gave the War department the ability to exclude any possible threat in the western United States. In response to the attacks of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the main priority for President Roosevelt was to protect the United States of America from any further attacks that could potentially led to more American casualties. This act would impact the lives of those who were loyal citizens to the United States, and those who had lived nearly their entire lives in America for nearly four years. The United States government hired photographers and videographers to capture moments at relocation centers to...
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...paper is the study of the internment of Japanese Americans, these events occurred right after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Through this paper you will learn about the wonderful people who suffered and struggled for their life. Some people lived through it and are horrified to this day to talk about the fateful morning that they were taken from their homes and brought to camps. Some of them never came out for example Toshio Kobata died in the camp because to run out to freedom. And the three years of being incarcerated and the life afterwards. And they reasons of fearing more Japanese migrating to US. And we get to the real story and why none of these events would have occurred. If it were not for President Franklin D. Roosevelt who called...
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...the internment camps during the war, Texas probably does not come to mind, however, Texas had the largest of any of the World War II internment camps. The camp held American civilians of German, Japanese, and Italian ancestry. In Europe, concentration camps were growing rampant and innocent people were being shipped like cattle in train cars to work there or sadly be killed. Comparing and anaylzing the differing camps between Europe and Texas, reveals that they had their differences, but there were also too many similarities to the mindest against prisoners of war. Crystal City had humble beginnings early...
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...The internment of Japanese-Americans in the United States during World War II was a horrific act of forced relocation and confinement in camps in the inner western states of the country. Between 110,000 and 120,000 Japanese-Americans, most of whom lived on the Pacific coast were subjected to the internment. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, war hysteria and a fear of the Japanese spread across the nation. President Roosevelt worked to counter this by issuing Executive Order 9066, thereby forcibly removing all Japanese-Americans from their homes and relocating them to internment camps outside of the restricted military zones. As his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt would write, “They were marked as different from other races and were not treated on an equal basis. In one part of our country, they were feared as competitors, and the rest of our country knew them so little and cared so little about them that they did not even think about the principle that we in this country believe in - that of equal rights for all human...
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...specifically hard on the West Coast. A fear almost resembling paranoia became evident in the following months. Any descendant of Japanese ancestry had to suffer the effects of this fear. In 1941 there were approximately 110,000 Japanese-Americans living in the United States, most of whom were concentrated on the West Coast. Even though 71,484 were Nisei, or American born citizens, they were subject to hostile and adverse treatment (Ropp). Opposition was openly directed at the Japanese by the press. California’s Governor Olsen and Attorney General Earl Warren fixed their attention on removing Japanese-Americans from all civil service posts, and revoking their state issued licenses from practicing medicine and law. In accordance with this, insurance companies canceled policies and markets and restaurants refused their services and displayed malicious signs such as: “We poison rate and Japs! Japs Shaved; not responsible for accidents. (Miller 311)” Extreme pressure began to grow for major evacuation. This pressure came from many different factions. Politicians, business and economic interests, and anti-Oriental organizations such as the American Legion were outspokenly in favor or resettlement. All were convinced that every Japanese-American, whether U. S. citizen or not, had the ability and/or desire to participate in espionage and sabotage for the “Empire” in case of invasion (McWilliams). In view of this public opinion, the proposal for mass evacuation was sent to President...
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...DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL FM 27-10 THE LAW OF LAND WARFARE This copy is a reprint which includes current pages from Change 1. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY - JULY 1956 *FM 27-10 FIELD MANUAL No. 27-10 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 18 July 1956 THE LAW OF LAND WARFARE DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. P This manual supersedes FM 27-10, 1 October 1940, including C 1, 15 November 1944. 1 2 FM 27-10 C1 CHANGE No. 1 HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 15 July 1976 THE LAW OF LAND WARFARE FM 27-10, 18 July 1956, is changed as follows: Page 5. Paragraph 5 a (13) is added: (13) Geneva protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous, or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare of 17 June 1925 (T. I.A .S. —), cited herein as Geneva Protocol of 1925. Page 18. Paragraph 37 b is superseded as follows: b. Discussion of Rule. The foregoing rule prohibits the use in war of poison or poisoned weapons against human beings. Restrictions on the use of herbicides as well as treaty provisions concerning chemical and bacteriological warfare are discussed in paragraph 38. Page 18. Paragraph 38 is superseded as follows: 38. Chemical and Bacteriological Warfare a. Treat Provision. Whereas the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of all analogous liquids, materials or devices, has been justly condemned by the general opinion...
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...ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born in Germany), 1830–1902 Valley of the Yosemite, 1864 (detail) Oil on paperboard 30.16 × 48.89 cm (11 7/8 × 19 1/4 in.) Museum of Fine Arts, BostonGift of Martha C. Karolik for the M. and M. Karolik Collection of American Paintings, 1815–1865 47.1236 Buyer: Susan K. Culbertson Media Project Manager: Sridevi Palani Compositor: MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company Typeface: 10.5/12 Times Roman...
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...G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS An imprint of Penguin Young Readers Group. Published by The Penguin Group. Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014, USA. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.). Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England. Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd). Penguin Group (Australia), 707 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3008, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd). Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Center, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi–110 017, India. Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd). Penguin Books South Africa, Rosebank Office Park, 181 Jan Smuts Avenue, Parktown North 2193, South Africa. Penguin China, B7 Jiaming Center, 27 East Third Ring Road North, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China. Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England. Copyright © 2013 by Rick Yancey. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission in writing from the publisher, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, an imprint of Penguin Young Readers Group, 345 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, Reg. U.S. Pat & Tm. Off. Please...
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...MCI 0210D MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE TERRORISM AWARENESS FOR MARINES MARINE BARRACKS WASHINGTON, DC UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE 912 CHARLES POOR STREET SE WASHINGTON NAVY YARD DC 20391-5680 IN REPLY REFER TO: 1550 26 Mar 2012 From: Director To: Marine Corps Institute Student Subj: TERRORISM AWARENESS FOR MARINES (0210D) 1. Purpose. The subject course provides instruction on terrorism awareness for all Marines. 2. Scope. This course gives an overview on terrorism and provides guidance to individual Marines on terrorism and its effects. 3. Applicability. This course is designed for the Marine, private through general officer, in all MOSs. 4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are invited and will aid in subsequent course revisions. Please complete the course evaluation questionnaire at the end of the final examination. Return the questionnaire and the examination booklet to your proctor. M. S. REICHENBAUGH By direction (This page intentionally left blank.) Table of Contents Page Contents ............................................................................................................................ i Student Information .......................................................................................................... iii Study Guide ............................................................................................................
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...Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael...
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...Critique of Nonviolent Politics From Mahatma Gandhi to the Anti-Nuclear Movement by Howard Ryan (howard@netwood.net) Preface 2 Part I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Problems of Nonviolent Theory Nonviolent Philosophy 6 Moral View: Violence Itself Is Wrong 9 Practical View: Violence Begets Violence 13 Nonviolent Theory of Power 21 Voluntary Suffering 24 Common Nonviolent Arguments 34 A Class Perspective 49 Part II 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gandhi: A Critical History Father of Nonviolence 56 Satyagraha in South Africa 59 Textile Strike 66 Noncooperation Movement 1919-22 70 Religious Conflicts 80 Salt Satyagraha 87 Congress Ministries 97 The War Years 101 Independence and Bloodshed 111 Part III 17 18 19 20 Nonviolence in the Anti-Nuclear Movement Nonviolent Direct Action 120 Consensus Decision Making 123 Open, Friendly, and Respectful 136 Civil Disobedience 142 Epilogue 151 Notes 154 ©2002 by Howard Ryan. All rights reserved. Readers have my permission to use and distribute for non-profit and educational purposes. Critique of Nonviolent Politics 2 Preface (2002) Critique of Nonviolent Politics may be the only comprehensive critique of nonviolent theory that has been written. I wrote it between 1980 and 1984, while living in Berkeley, California. Since 1977, I had been active in the movement against nuclear power and weapons which, in California, focused its protests at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, and at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Labs where...
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...critical theory today critical theory today A Us e r - F r i e n d l y G u i d e S E C O N D E D I T I O N L O I S T Y S O N New York London Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2006 by Lois Tyson Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑415‑97410‑0 (Softcover) 0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑415‑97410‑3 (Softcover) 978‑0‑415‑97409‑7 (Hardcover) No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Tyson, Lois, 1950‑ Critical theory today : a user‑friendly guide / Lois Tyson.‑‑ 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0‑415‑97409‑7 (hb) ‑‑ ISBN 0‑415‑97410‑0 (pb) 1. Criticism...
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...Contents Title Page Dedication Prologue CHAPTER ONE: Republicans and Democrats CHAPTER TWO: Values CHAPTER THREE: Our Constitution CHAPTER FOUR: Politics CHAPTER FIVE: Opportunity CHAPTER SIX: Faith CHAPTER SEVEN: Race CHAPTER EIGHT: The World Beyond Our Borders CHAPTER NINE: Family Epilogue Acknowledgments About the Author Also by Barack Obama Copyright Prologue IT’S BEEN ALMOST ten years since I first ran for political office. I was thirty-five at the time, four years out of law school, recently married, and generally impatient with life. A seat in the Illinois legislature had opened up, and several friends suggested that I run, thinking that my work as a civil rights lawyer, and contacts from my days as a community organizer, would make me a viable candidate. After discussing it with my wife, I entered the race and proceeded to do what every first-time candidate does: I talked to anyone who would listen. I went to block club meetings and church socials, beauty shops and barbershops. If two guys were standing on a corner, I would cross the street to hand them campaign literature. And everywhere I went, I’d get some version of the same two questions. “Where’d you get that funny name?” And then: “You seem like a nice enough guy. Why do you want to go into something dirty and nasty like politics?” I was familiar with the question, a variant on the questions asked of me years earlier, when I’d first arrived in Chicago to work in low-income neighborhoods. It signaled a cynicism...
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