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Barclays

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Introduction 1. Banking industry and financial sector

Within the global banking industry, financial sector is an important part of overall global economy and is primarily composed of banking institutions, money markets and financial brokers. This sector is considered as a vital component of developed economies such as the USA, UK, Switzerland and Japan.
The definition of a retail bank as described by the banking industry is that it operates within the financial institutions offering services such as adjustable rate mortgages, financial derivatives, bank credit and debit cards, electronic banking etc. Theses organizations are also regulated and controlled by industrial standards’ legislation and regulations that should be adhered to, in order to successfully operate in the industry (Bennett Kottasz, 2012).
However this sector, that plays a key role in economic integrations of countries (Winder, 2013), had recently shown signs of distress mainly due to uncontrolled lending and unwarranted risk-taking activities (Habib, 2013).
In addition, there had been a lack of transparency. Incidents within last decade such as Lehman Brother collapse and financial meltdown of 2008, created lots of ambiguities in understanding banks risks from imitative trading and therefore unwillingness of any bank to trade or lend to any of the bank. In particular these incidents create an uncertain situation where it is difficult to speculate which particular financial organization might unexpectedly collapse. Massive efforts have been made to reform the structure of global financial sector through placing regulations aimed to reinstate conviction and assurance in the financial system, however the fundamental problem remains unattended (Smith and Liou, 2007).
The banking industry is currently facing the challenge of loss of customer trust concerning operational issues related to

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