...N0. 470 WORKING PAPER NO: 470 BASEL BANKING NORMS – A PRIMER Akshay Uday Shenoy PGP Student Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore – 560076 akshay.shenoy@iimb.ernet.in Yatin Balkrishna Mohane PGP Student Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore – 560076 yatin.mohane@iimb.ernet.in Charan Singh RBI Chair Professor Economics & Social Science Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore – 5600 76 Ph: 080-26993818 charansingh@iimb.ernet.in Year of Publication-October 2014 Basel Banking Norms – A Primer1 Abstract This paper aims to first build a deeper understanding of the emergence of Basel banking norms (Basel I), and the transition to each of the subsequent regulations (Basel II and Basel III). The primary purpose of developing this understanding is to further analyze the extent of effectiveness of the Basel norms. To explore how such regulations impact an economy, we have specifically looked at five economies of the world (including India), which are geographically apart, in this context. The idea here is to study how, for instance, banking institutions have shaped up to these norms – and whether the effects were favorable or adverse. We then conclude by conceptually looking at the future direction of regulations such as the Basel norms in the banking industry. Keywords: Banking, Financial Services, Regulation, Basel Norms, Capital Adequacy, Liquidity ...
Words: 13616 - Pages: 55
...Regional Rural Banks) Madam / Dear Sir, Guidelines on Implementation of Basel III Capital Regulations in India Please refer to the paragraph 90 (extract enclosed) of the Monetary Policy Statement 2012-13 announced on April 17, 2012. It was indicated that the final guidelines on the implementation of Basel III capital regulations would be issued by end - April 2012. It may be recalled that draft proposals on Basel III capital regulations were issued vide circular DBOD.No.BP.BC.71/ 21.06.201/ 2011-12 dated December 30, 2011. 2. The final guidelines on Basel III capital regulations are enclosed. These guidelines would become effective from January 1, 2013 in a phased manner. The Basel III capital ratios will be fully implemented as on March 31, 2018. 3. The capital requirements for the implementation of Basel III guidelines may be lower during the initial periods and higher during the later years. While undertaking the capital planning exercise, banks should keep this in view. 4. RBI is currently working on operational aspects of implementation of the Countercyclical Capital Buffer. Guidance to banks on this will be issued in due course. Besides, certain other proposals viz. ‘Definition of Capital Disclosure Requirements’, ‘Capitalisation of Bank Exposures to Central Counterparties’ etc., are also engaging the attention of the Basel Committee 1 at present. Therefore, the final proposals of the Basel Committee on these aspects will be considered for implementation, to...
Words: 15967 - Pages: 64
...the United States. This increased awareness has led to the focus upon legislation to stem this trend in addition to creating guidelines for how financial reporting should regulated in order to stabilize the banking industry. Part of this effort has been led by the Basel Committee in its creation of its Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision consultative document that was released in December 2011. The committee consisting bankers and regulators from its 27 member countries provides a framework for establishing bank governance. The United States, even though a member of the Basel Committee, had previously resisted implementing this framework, instead favoring its own legislation. However, the Federal Reserve agreed to adopt the Basel rules as means of governing the nation's banks against the objections of large financial institutions who argued that these guidelines are too strict. As of May 2012, the proposal of this agreement has not yet been released by the Federal Reserve. It is hoped that the endorsement from the United States of the new requirements under Basel III will work to encourage the European Union to follow suit. Banking Supervision Unlike many of the other countries that follow the Basel framework and have only one bank regulator, the United States banking system is governed by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve consists of several different entities that include the Federal Reserve Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC),...
Words: 2223 - Pages: 9
...Basel II to Basel III: Changes and Requirements Hesham Hamdy Chief Risk Officer, Arab International Bank Nairobi, 7-8 March 2012 Basel; what is it? • A New Standard for the Measurement of Risks in Banks, and for the Allocation of Capital to cover those risks, published by the Basel Committee of G10 Central Banks. • What Does Basel Committee Do? - Acts as Think-Tank for banking regulators - Issues guidance on best practice for banks - Standards accepted worldwide - Generally incorporated in national banking regulations Basel I • Basel I was the round of deliberations by central banks from around the world, and in 1988, the Basel Committee (BCBS) in Basel, Switzerland, published a set of minimum capital requirements for banks. This was known as the 1988 Basel Accord, and was enforced by law in the Group of Ten (G-10) countries in 1992 . • Basel I primarily focused on credit risk. Assets of banks were classified and grouped in five categories according to credit risk, carrying risk weights of zero (for example home country sovereign debt), ten, twenty, fifty, and up to one hundred percent (this category has, as an example, most corporate debt). Basel I (continued) • Banks with international presence were required to hold capital equal to 8 % of the risk-weighted assets. • Basel I was then widely viewed as outmoded because the world has changed as financial corporations, financial innovation and risk management have developed. Therefore, a more comprehensive set of...
Words: 3834 - Pages: 16
...Minimum Capital Provisioning for Credit Risk – a Comparative Study of Basel I and Basel II Contact: Pradnya Desai Manager– Rating Analyst +62 21 576 1516 desai.pradnya@icraindonesia.com Drafted in 1988 and 2004 respectively, Basel I and II have, through quantitative and technical benchmarks, helped develop a level playing field in the banking The “Basel Committee on Banking Supervision” (BCBS) is comprised of the central banks and regulatory authorities of mainly the G20 countries (including Indonesia) and other leading nations. The committee issues broad guidelines and standards to ensure best practices in the banking supervision and risk management. (Source: www.bis.org) supervision, regulation and capital adequacy standards across the signatory nations. As of today, more than 100 countries have implemented Basel I and around 112 countries are implementing Basel II (Source: Wikipedia, Basel committee on banking supervision survey, 2010). Basel II generated more interest on account of the multitude of financial crises that the world economy faced during the 1990s and early 2000s. Further, its implementation gained momentum among the emerging economies after the 2008 crisis. While many countries have already commenced Basel III (drafted in 2010) implementation, Indonesia is yet to finalise the norms on the subject. Basel III while relevant at a future date will not be implemented in the near future and hence this article has confined itself to Basel II. This article limits...
Words: 3956 - Pages: 16
...FORE School of Management A DISSERTATION REPORT ON Impact of Basel III norms on select Indian & European banks Submitted By: DEEPANSHU CHANDRA, 053009 FORE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, DELHI A Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Post Graduate Diploma Program in Management SUBMITTED TO: Faculty Guide: Prof. Sanghamitra Buddhapriya FORE School of Management 1 FORE School of Management CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Deepanshu Chandra has completed his Dissertation under my guidance and has submitted this project report entitled Impact of Basel III norms on select Indian and European banks towards partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Post Graduate Diploma Program in Management (FORE, Delhi) 2011-2013. This Report is the result of his own work and to the best of our knowledge. This project was carried out under my overall supervision. Date: Place: ---------------------------------- Prof. Sanghamitra Buddhapriya (Faculty Guide) FORE School of Management 2 FORE School of Management ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to thank all those who helped me in the successful completion of my Dissertation. To start with, I would like to thank the organization FORE School of Management for providing me the chance to undertake this Dissertation. I wish to place on records, my deep sense of gratitude and sincere appreciation to my Mentor, Prof. Sanghamitra Buddhapriya, Faculty...
Words: 12440 - Pages: 50
...CBM Course Outline For Session 2012 - 13 ------------------------------------------------- Batch: PGDM 2011 - 13 Term: IV ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course: Commercial Bank Management (CBM) Credits: 3 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course Instructor: Prof. D N Panigrahi Objectives of the course: The course inputs are designed to accomplish the following objectives. * To help students to understand the role and functions of Commercial Banks, main strategic issues in retail and corporate banking and the risks faced by the Banking Industry in India. * To familiarise the students with the new Banking Practices and Processes including new banking technologies. * To familiarise the students with the legal and regulatory framework for banks in India. * To equip the students with the tools and techniques used in interpreting and evaluating the performance, profitability, productivity, and efficiency of the Commercial Banks. * To equip the students with the in-depth knowledge of Bank Financial Management Process including Treasury, Investment, Asset Liability Management & Risk Management. * To equip the students with the in-depth knowledge and skills in Credit Analysis & Appraisal Processes relating to the banks’ lending decisions like Working Capital Financing, Term Loan &...
Words: 2603 - Pages: 11
...in banking industry, also holdings certain assets of cash and equity. The report sets the bank’s capital requirement with the requirement of Basel Accords in order to build up sustainable positive capital frequently to avoid losses, liabilities and liquidity. Firstly, the report analyzes the risk management under current assets of Marylebone by applying the VaR methods, such as Variance – Covariance, Historical Simulation and Extended Historical Simulation, in order to have criticisms under each method on the effectiveness. The reports will continuously measure and manage each category under Basel Accords regulation: Market Risk, Credit Risk and Operational Risk. Furthermore, all five Basel Accords including: Basel 1(1988 BIS Accord), Basel 1 (1996 Amendment), Basel 2, Basel 2.5 and Basel 3 will be taken into account in order to develop the framework in details. Finally, the report concludes with the core concept of capital, the influences of risk management and capital requirement under the banking regulation using example of the most recent Global Recession. TABLE OF CONTENT I. Introduction 4 II. Market Risk Capital Charge Estimation 4 1. Variance - Covariance Method 4 2. Historical Simulation Method 5 III. Credit Risk and Operational Risk Estimation under different Basel Accords 6 3. Under Basel 1 (1988 BIS Accord) 6 1.1 On-balance-sheet calculation 7 1.2...
Words: 4074 - Pages: 17
...BASEL III NORMS AND INDIAN BANKING: ASSESSMENT AND EMERGING CHALLENGES C.S.Balasubramaniam Professor, Babasaheb Gawde Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai Email: balacs2001@yahoo.co.in ABSTRACT Banking operations worldwide have undergone phenomenal changes in the last two decades since 1990s. Financial liberalization and technological innovations have created new and complex financial instruments/products have increased their role and turnover in financial markets and have rendered banking operations vulnerable to a variety of risks. The financial crisis episodes surfaced since 2006 have highlighted this paradox to a number of central banks operating in different countries and RBI and Indian banking sector is no exception to this phenomenon. Basel framework has been drawn by Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in consultation with supervisory authorities of banking sector in fifteen emerging market countries with the basic objective of advocating codes of bank supervision and promoting financial stability amidst economic crises. This research paper is divided in three parts .The opening part attempts to briefly describe the changes in the banking scenario since 1991 reforms and the necessity of introducing Basel III to the Indian Banking sector. Part II presents the Basel standards framework and explains why the transition from Basel II to Basel III norms has become necessary to bring in measures and safety standards which would equip the banks to become more resilient...
Words: 5175 - Pages: 21
...THE BASEL CAPITAL ACCORDS BY JOE LARSON APRIL 2011 I. Introduction Banks are a vital part of a nation’s economy. In their traditional role as financial intermediaries, banks serve to meet the demand of those who need funding. As such, banks make it possible for people to buy homes and for businesses to expand. Banks therefore facilitate spending and investment, which fuel growth in the economy. However, despite their important role in the economy, banks are nevertheless susceptible to failure. Banks, like any other business, can go bankrupt. However, unlike most other businesses, the failure of banks, especially very large ones, can have far-reaching implications. As we saw during the Great Depression and, most recently, during the global financial crisis and the ensuing recession, the health of the bank system (or lack thereof) can trigger economic calamities affecting millions of people. Consequently, it is imperative that banks operate in a safe and sound manner to avoid failure. One way to ensure this is for governments to provide diligent regulation of banks. Yet, with the advent of globalization, banking activities are no longer confined to the borders of any individual country. With cross-border banking activities rapidly increasing, the need for international cooperation in bank regulation has likewise increased. Ready to meet this need is the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (BCBS). In its role as the international advisory authority on bank regulation, the BCBS...
Words: 9857 - Pages: 40
...ž¸¸£·¸ú¡¸ ¹£{¸¨¸Ä ¤¸ÿˆÅ ____________RESERVE BANK OF INDIA________________ www.rbi.org.in RBI/2013-14/70 DBOD.No.BP.BC.2 /21.06.201/2013-14 July 1, 2013 All Scheduled Commercial Banks (Excluding Local Area Banks and Regional Rural Banks) Madam / Sir, Master Circular – Basel III Capital Regulations Please refer to the Master Circular No.DBOD.BP.BC.16/21.06.001/2012-13 dated July 2, 2012, consolidating therein the prudential guidelines issued to banks till that date on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline - New Capital Adequacy Framework (NCAF). 2. As you are aware, Basel III Capital Regulations is being implemented in India with effect from April 1, 2013 in a phased manner. Accordingly, instructions contained in the aforesaid Master Circular have been suitably updated / amended by incorporating relevant guidelines, issued up to June 30, 2013 and is being issued as Master Circular on ‘Basel III Capital Regulations’. 3. The Basel II guidelines as contained in the Master Circular DBOD.No.BP.BC.9/21.06.001/2013-14 dated July 1, 2013 on ‘Prudential Guidelines on Capital Adequacy and Market Discipline- New Capital Adequacy Framework (NCAF)’ may, however, be referred to during the Basel III transition period for regulatory adjustments / deductions up to March 31, 2017. Yours faithfully, (Chandan Sinha) Principal Chief General Manager Encl.: As above Department of Banking Operations and Development, Central Office, 12th Floor, Central Office Building, SBS Marg...
Words: 72826 - Pages: 292
...Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems December 2010 (rev June 2011) Copies of publications are available from: Bank for International Settlements Communications CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland E-mail: publications@bis.org Fax: +41 61 280 9100 and +41 61 280 8100 © Bank for International Settlements 2010. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ISBN print: 92-9131-859-0 ISBN web: 92-9197-859-0 Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................................3 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1 A. Strengthening the global capital framework ....................................................................2 1. 2. 3. 4. Raising the quality, consistency and transparency of the capital base ..................2 Enhancing risk coverage........................................................................................3 Supplementing the risk-based capital requirement with a leverage ratio ...............4 Reducing procyclicality and promoting countercyclical buffers ..............................5 Cyclicality of the minimum requirement .................................................................5 Forward looking provisioning ....
Words: 21950 - Pages: 88
...END TERM PROJECT COMMERCIAL BANK MANAGEMENT TOPIC 5 BANK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT- CAPITAL ADEQUACY FRAMEWORK Submitted to: Submitted by: Group 5 Prof. D.N. Panigrahi Abhishek Singh (2014013) Anisha jain (2014042) Bakul Malik (2014072) Gurusha Godwani (2014100) Ketki Chaturvedi (2014133) CHAPTER 1 BANK CAPITAL MANAGEMENT- CAPITAL ADEQUACY FRAMEWORK INTRODUCTION Bank capital is often defined in tiers or categories that include shareholders' equity, retained earnings, reserves, hybrid capital instruments, and subordinated term debt. Capital ratios are commonly measured as a percent of bank assets or risk-weighted bank assets. Bank capital serves as an important cushion against unexpected losses. It creates a strong incentive to manage a bank in a prudent manner, because the bank owners’ equity is at risk in the event of a failure. Thus, bank capital plays a critical role in the safety and soundness of individual banks and the banking system. Role of bank capital: • Source of funds – Start-up costs – Growth or expansion (mergers and acquisitions) – Modernization costs • Cushion to absorb unexpected operating losses – Insufficient capital to absorb losses will cause insolvency – Long-term debt can only absorb losses in the event of institution failure • Adequate capital – Regulatory requirements to promote bank safety and soundness – Mitigate moral hazard problems of deposit insurance by increasing shareholders’ exposure to bank...
Words: 10400 - Pages: 42
...CMYK CMYK Wo r k i n g P a p e r The Indian Journey to Basel II: Implementing Risk Management in Banks Dr. SS Satchidananda Sanjeev Shukla CBIT Centre of Banking and Information Technology Indian Institute of Information Technology 26/C, Electronic City, Bangalore And Oracle India Pvt. Ltd., DLF Corporate Park Block I DLF City Phase III Gurgaon 122002 CMYK CMYK CMYK CMYK CBIT Centre of Banking and Information Technology Indian Institute of Information Technology 26/C, Electronic City, Bangalore And Oracle India Pvt. Ltd., DLF Corporate Park Block I DLF City Phase III Gurgaon 122002 CMYK CMYK CMYK CMYK The Indian Journey to Basel II Implementing Risk Management in Banks ABSTRACT In this paper, we provide a perspective on the international regulatory framework for capital standards and its focus on implementation of risk management systems in banks with particular reference to the Indian scenario. We also discuss the Indian regulatory approach to this important challenge and the major issues involved in the Basel II implementation in the Indian context. We conclude with guidance for developing an implementation plan for ushering in effective and efficient risk management in banks. {SS Satchidananda1 Sanjeev Shukla2 } Banking in modern economies is all about risk management. The successful negotiation and implementation of Basel II Accord is likely to lead to an even sharper focus on the risk measurement and risk...
Words: 9834 - Pages: 40
... It is very rare that a risk manager will be faced with an issue that can immediately be slotted into one category. In the real world, a risk manager must be able to identify any number of risk‐related issues and be able to deal with them effectively. Readings Questions for the FRM examination are derived from the readings listed under each topic outline. These readings were selected by the FRM Committee to assist candidates in their review of the subjects covered by the exam. It is strongly suggested that candidates review these readings in depth prior to sitting for the exam. The Financial Risk Manager Handbook, 4th edition, by Philippe Jorion (New York: Wiley & Sons, 2007), covers most of the FRM examination topics at the appropriate level. However, please note that the FRM Handbook was designed to help candidates review the material and is not a textbook. Alone, the FRM Handbook is not sufficient to prepare a candidate to pass the examination....
Words: 2523 - Pages: 11
