...Introduction Behavioral approach is based on the concept of explaining one’s behaviors through observation. The idea behind this approach is that the environment is the one that contributes to the different behaviors of individuals. Behaviorists assume that one can understand other people’s behaviors through observing. It can be observed in terms of responses to particular stimuli. The behavioral approach contrasts with the cognitive or social approach. The cognitive approach focuses on the way one can explain the disorders and behaviors through the cognitive processes. It explores the internal mental processes and the way people perceive, memorize, believe and solve problems. Cognitive is psychology that is relative to human behaviors that focuses on the way people think and such thought process that affect their way of behaviors. Discussion One of my habits is smoking, and I developed this habit due to influence from my peer group at the college. The role models for the smoking habit were some of my friends who used to smoke cigarettes. When I joined the college, I used not to smoke. However, when I joined a group of friends who used to drink and smoke, I found myself smoking too, and it became a daily habit. Some of the people who influenced me to adopt this habit are my roommates. This is because they used to smoke daily when we have left the lecture room going to sleep. They encourage me and I started smoking slowly, but it became a habit. From the National Institute on...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits 1. Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Chris Stahl University of Phoenix Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits 2. Habits form in all of us in every aspect of our lives in everything we do. The cognitive portion in the way we view our habits as good or bad will influence us to either change our habits or hold onto them for a lifetime. Habits are not concrete and are dropped and adopted overtime, a continuous learning process. A habit is something that we no longer think about because it is such a regularity almost becoming involuntary behavior. A person may not even realize that they are doing something the same over and over because it is second nature. Sometimes habits can carry over into other things we may not intent, like a person that wakes up early Monday through Friday for work. On Saturday and Sunday the habit will carry over forcing them to wake up and start their day. It may be difficult to remember where and why a certain habit has been adopted unless you really focused on finding its origin. The common belief is that we simply adopt our parent’s habits (development, 2010). Sometimes when confronted with one of our strange habits we may deny them right away because we are not conscious to the fact that we are actually doing them. One of my big habits is being a neat freak; I have maintained this habit since I was...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Lisa Key PSY/250 October 18, 2012 Bert Hanlon Behavioral and social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits The habit the individual in question will be discussing is always appearing to be in a postulant or defensive mode (Freud defense mechanism). To address this habit, one will discuss many childhood observations and experiences during a crucial formative time in young life. Reasons for behaviors that resemble actions of one’s father and family are relevant to the forming of behaviors that may require some adjustments because one believes that such adjustments may provide many positive effects in the individual’s life. The individual was brought up in a family life were one was observant of domestic abuse at a very young age and was a victim on many occasions a victim of physical abuse as a pre-teen. One believes many environmental experiences and exposures are relevant to some habits that require adjustment to be more productive and happier in one’s personal life. Habit The habit in question is how easily the individual can become physically aggressive. The individual from an early age saw many exposures to alcoholism, drug, and physical abuse in the forms of uncle’s abusing grandmother and father abusing one’s mother. The individual on many...
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...Behavioral and Social Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits A habit is a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up (Duhigg, 2012). Many people will have one habit or another. Attempting to turn around a negative behavior can be difficult. If you have not experienced the quit I will use the Behavioral Personality Theory to show how a person can be convinced to start smoking, the social cognitive to show how a person’s society and environment can play a huge role in a person getting started on smoking. Then I will use Operant and Classical conditioning to set up a plan to help someone to quit smoking. Analyze Habit The worst habit for me is smoking cigarettes. The role models for the habit were commercials on television all the time like the Marlboro man and how smooth the cigarettes tasted. Why do you continue this habit? I continue because it is a habit and the dopamine in the brain is lessened when quitting causing withdraws and that for some reason causes me to return to the habit. There have been many attempts to quit. The latest attempt I quit for four months. Behavioral Personality Theory The behavioral theory says that a personality is a result of interaction between a person and their environment (Ajzen, 2005). The behavioral theory is interested in how someone can change habits. By using positive and negative reinforcements changes many behaviors (Ajzen, 2005). When they examine their behavior they can understand through...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits PSY/250 Psychology of Personality Faye Flanagan December 9, 2013 Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Can habits be changed or broken? Change is a process that does not happen overnight and generally it can create doubt or take a person down a winding road to their past. The result of change can be twofold and the impact depending on the person can be detrimental. For some that trip can be the very thing that improves their life or the quality of their life; for others change has the potential to cause more harm than good depending on their internal drive or emotional state of mind. From time to time it is necessary for a person to conduct a self-evaluation. Generally this activity occurs when the person wants to make a change thus the change process tends to be a smoother process than when an acquaintance, employer or friend has pointed out a flaw or offered some type of a critique. Those situations are considered as forced change and pose some type of resistance. Forced change is normally uncomfortable and causes people to leave their emotion or physical comfort zone. To answer the initial question, yes habits can be broken or changed. However, when attempting to break a habit it will be imperative to be realistic, honest, and willing to confront the past. A few years ago I noticed that something was not right. I was feeling depressed, tired, and everything irritated me. During a self-evaluation...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Habits PSY/250 March 21, 2011 Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Habits One of the earliest memories I can recall is my mother playing records on the turntable in the living room while she cleaned the house. The sounds of Neil Diamond, Barry Manilow, Bread, or Abba filled the house with music. These are some of my most joyful memories. I can still see her vacuuming, dusting, and scrubbing different rooms of the house while pausing for the big fanfares within the songs to dramatically sing along or throw down an awesome air guitar solo on the broom in her hands. These moments are the reasons I always have loved music. The problem is that I have never learned how to settle for a few artists and albums like my mother. I have a habit of liking too many types of music, and too many artists within each type. This has led to the development of my bad habit of collecting too many albums. My mother is my musical role model, encouraging the exploration of music. She promotes trying out different styles and genres of music. She always exposed my sister and me to various types of music, from church hymns to off-Broadway musical productions. My mother bought me my first music album when I was four. It was a Christmas album by The Chipmunks. I love that album and still enjoy it every Christmas. Later in my childhood, I loved Michael Jackson, and had to have all of his albums. I have replaced those records...
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...was just something she done. Today I still tend to rub my face but not as much because I am conscience of it and aware that it is an oddity, so sometimes when I feel it coming on I can stop myself from doing it. I have notice also that this habit has now been incorporated by my son. When his emotions get the best of him he goes to rubbing his face three times. I continue this habit because it is a form of comfort for me. I do not know why but it helps me feel better in certain situations. I do not think I ever have or want to stop this habit. I am, however, more conscience of my surroundings when I do feel the need to do it so that I would not make anyone feel uncomfortable. According to (Cherry 2012) Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our behaviors. This theory would...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Individual Assignment – Week 4 Deborah Watson PSY 250 05/26/14 Habits as defined by Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, is a settled tendency or usual manner of behavior or a behavior pattern acquired by frequent repetition or physiologic exposure that shows itself in regularity or increased facility of performance. In this paper we will analyze one of my habits, how, who, and where it was developed. Also we will discuss if I continue the habit, and have I attempted to break the habit. Using behavioral personality theory and components of social/cognitive theory, I will explain why I have this habit and why the habit was formed. We will also develop a plan applying operant conditioning to change my habit and discuss which theory best explains my personality, behavioral or social/cognitive theory. First we will start by explaining both theories. The social cognitive theory explains that behavior is learned by watching others do things, using the school of thought that since others are doing this behavior, one should also do this behavior to be like their peers, learning that behavior by witnessing the actual act. One example of this would be a sister and brother are playing with a new toy that requires a certain pattern of movement like a Slip N’ Slide. The first sibling runs and slides down the Slip N’ Slide on their stomach. The 2nd sibling observes the act, not wanting to be out done by sibling #1, then...
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...Cognitive-behavioral theories are usually brief and target medical symptoms rather than personality issues. Through the use of active techniques and psycho education, cognitive-behavioral therapy changes behaviors and cognitions. Due to cognitive-behavioral approaches relying heavily on psycho education, the role of the social worker is to educate clients on maintaining a healthy standing, mentally and behaviorally. Cognitive-behavioral theories are based on the idea that our feelings, thoughts, and behavior are all connected. Cognitive-behavioral approaches integrate both behavioral and cognitive approaches in order to change thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Behavioral approaches use classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social...
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...11/21/2012 | Submitted to: Mrs. Maria Hutchinson Submitted by: Roger Polanco Introduction to Counseling and Guidance Research On Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches Similarities and differences In psychology many approaches have been discovered and some are still currently in use. There are two approaches, which I feel have much similarities but also differences. I will be explaining the cognitive and behavioral approach. Cognition literally means, “Knowing”. In other words, psychologists from this approach study cognition, which is A ‘the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired.’ They focus on the way human’s process information, looking at how we treat information that comes in to the person (stimuli) and how this treatment leads to responses. In other words, they are interested in the variables that mediate between stimulus/input and response/output. The main areas of study in cognitive psychology are: perception, attention, memory and language. The essence of the behavioral approach is the statement that all behavior is learned and that when we are born we are like a blank slate. Experience and interactions with the environment make us what we are. We become what we become as a result of forming stimulus-response units of behavior in reaction to the environment. This perspective has been called environmental determinism because it suggests that the environments in which we exist determine us. The second statement is that all behavior can be explained...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches In: Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits University of Phoenix Psychology of Personality PSY/250 Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits A changeling habit for keta is impulsive, compulsive, shopping. rketa developed this habit during her teenage years when clothes were important to young people. High school was more of a fashion statement, name brands were important. There may be other family members whose much older and enjoyed dressing and shopping, but no one in the household directly will be the role model for this habit forming. The stamp of approval for Charketa in with this habit is the compliment she receives on the nice clothes and accessories she buys. This motivated the increase and desire for additional spending and filled in the time slot in which boredom began to form. This addiction allowed her the ability to escape from problems at home between family members. The addiction of shopping place Charketa in a world of temporary satisfaction, which removes all of the problems, life bring causing sadness. Habits are developed in stages; the habit starts out as a thought to an action, stimulating the person’s body and mind, which gives the individual the thought process to do this again for stimulating believing (Bandura , 2005). Because most habits occur in stages is why people may not realize...
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Social Work Values: A Critical Analysis A. Antonio González-Prendes, Ph.D. Wayne State University aa3232@wayne.edu Kimberly Brisebois Wayne State University Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, ...
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...Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Teresa A. Robinson PSY/480 Elements of Clinical Psychology August 30, 2012 Debbie Simms Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Depression knows no economical, social, racial, or gender. Depression affects the lives every person on the planet, in one way or another. Depression manifest it’s self in many ways. It causes weight gain, weight loss, anxiety, moodiness, sadness, irritability, restlessness, loss of interest in people, places, and things, loss of energy, loss of appetite, and much more. Because depression has so many different facets, it stands to reason that there are just as many ways to effectively treat the disorder. Psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems are clinical psychological approaches to depression. Each one uses a different approach and in some areas there are overlaps. The information in this paper addresses origins, goals, and techniques of the approaches. Also, an explanation of how each approach affects the treatment strategies of the selected disorder, and the effectiveness of each approach. Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Psychodynamic therapy is talk therapy like what a person sees depicted on television or in the movies. This type of therapy allows patients to examine emotions, feelings, thoughts, and memories ("Web Md", 2005-2012). Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the “…form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the important role of thinking in how we feel and what...
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...Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes and contents through a number of goal-oriented, explicit systematic procedures. The name refers to behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and to therapy based upon a combination of basic behavioral and cognitive principles and research. CBT is thought to be effective for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including mood, anxiety, personality, eating, substance abuse, tic, and psychotic disorders. Many CBT treatment programs for specific disorders have been evaluated for efficacy; the health-care trend of evidence-based treatment, where specific treatments for symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has favored CBT over other approaches such as psychodynamic treatments.[1] CBT was primarily developed through an integration of behavior therapy (the term "behavior modification" appears to have been first used by Edward Thorndike) with cognitive psychology research, first by Donald Meichenbaum and several other authors with the label of cognitive-behavior modification in the late 1970s. This tradition thereafter merged with earlier work of a few clinicians, labeled as Cognitive Therapy (CT), developed by Aaron Beck, and Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) developed by Albert Ellis. While rooted in rather different theories, these two traditions have been characterized by a constant reference to experimental research to test hypotheses...
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...According to Abnormal psychology (14th ed.) the definition of Social Phobia is “the fear of situations in which a person might be exposed to the scrutiny of others and fear of acting in a humiliating or embarrassing way”. Social Phobia is one of the most common individual DSM-IV Disorders (Butcher). Although social phobia does not usually manifest itself until the teenage years or early adulthood, it can be brought on by many different factors in early childhood, like being bullied or based on genetic or learned behaviors from parents. They are also some different variation of social phobia; there is generalized social phobia, social phobia with agoraphobia, social phobia with or without panic attacks and also Japanese disorders similar to it called Taijin kyofusho. All these variations of social phobia come with different effects on people and caused by different factors. Social Phobia causes people to worry that other people are looking at you and noticing what you are doing, dislike being introduced to other people, find it hard to go into shops or restaurants, worry about eating or drinking in public, feel embarrassed about undressing in public, so you can't face going to the beach, can't be assertive with other people, even when you know you need to. Although these traits can simply just characterizes shyness in people. There are different degrees and other factors that make it more than shyness, social phobia can occur in different degrees and when combined with other...
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