...Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Sabra Serreyn PSYCH3002 Developing a Psychological Perspective Controversies in Psychology Position Paper Capella University December, 2015 Abstract This paper discusses the most effective treatment for children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Increasing research has been recommending a combination of both pharmaceutical and psychotherapy treatments. DuPaul and White (2006) state that both the disruptive behavior and genetic aspects need to be addressed, therefore recommending treatment of both medication and behavioral intervention. There has also been a spike in psychiatrists suggesting alternative options in place of medication. Block and Smith (2015) express concern for the side effects of medication and should focus on the behavioral modification aspects. With that being said, the authors do state that medication may help in conjunction with behavioral therapy. Others argue that medication is the answer to resolving symptoms of ADHD because it can repair gray matter in a certain part of the brain. The conclusion comes together stating that all symptoms and treatments need to be taken into consideration in developing a combination therapy strategy. This is the most advantageous and ethical manner of working with a diagnosis. Choosing the Most Effective Treatment for ADHD Diagnosing children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been on the rise at...
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...Brandi Blankenbeckler Abnormal Psychology February 14, 2015 Childhood Disorders ADHD Professor Marcia Koelndorfer Have you ever sat and wondered why a child has trouble sitting still or focusing on what you are saying as well as not being able to follow direction as well as you want them too? There are many children that are diagnosed with ADHD also known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, which is a chronic condition that includes attention difficulty, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. ADHD affects children and adolescents and can follow them into adulthood as well. It is estimated that 3% to 5% of children are diagnosed with this and 8% to 10% are diagnosed as a school aged child for example kindergarten and up. (WebMD) There are symptoms in which can be noticed and seen as out of range and not normal for their age range such as, distracted easily, unable to follow directions, does not have the ability to focus for long periods of time, fidgets with hands and cannot sit still, loses personal items, always on the go such as running or climbing on items. There are other symptoms such as not being able to concentrate or becoming bored with academics in a short period of time, and as well a social factor that can make it difficult to be involved with peers. Children that are most likely to be diagnosed with ADHD can be as young as 5 and up there is not a certain age limit that one can be tested but waiting until a child has the ability to interact and...
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...ADHD PSYCH 575 November 5, 2012 Dr. Rex Philpot PhD. ADHD During, childhood one of the most common neuropsychological and behavioral disorders affecting behaviors emerges in children and adults pertains to ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, pp. 64-65). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder disrupts the process of learning in children as well as others in the classroom, home, and the workplace. Often, children demonstrating these behaviors are impetuous and reckless thereby disruptive in activities at home, school, and play whereby hindering the child’s or adult’s abilities to learn and perform. This paper will provide an explication of ADHD and the common symptoms along with the rates of managing, and reducing the symptoms implemented in three treatments in methods selected in treating the disorder. Furthermore, an analysis will explicate the neurophysiological underpinnings, and contemporary attitudes of the selected interventions video games, family therapy, and Ritalin. Cause and characteristics of ADHD The symptoms of ADHD affect three to five percent of children in the United States that serves as the leading cause of underachievement as well as school failures (Parksepp, 1998). In the past the disorder incurred numerous labels “such as,” hyperkinetic reaction, hyperactive syndrome, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, and a minimal dysfunction of the brain. Males “in contrast,” to females because of underdiagnosing are more likely to endure...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD is known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is a neurocognitive behavioral developmental disorder most commonly seen in childhood and adolescence, which often extends well into adulthood. This is the most diagnosed behavior disorder in children. Recent studies have shown that it affects 7% to 8% of the school-aged children and 4% to 5% in adults. This disorder tends to occur more with males than females (Antshel). People that have ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest into behavioral issues. Although there is no proven way to prevent ADHD, With the proper diagnosis and treatment, people with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, and with family. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD can create other problems and complications such as, failure to completing ones’ education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. ADHD symptoms fall into three groups: lack of attention (inattentiveness), hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior (impulsivity) (Antshel). People with ADHD are easily distracted, forget instructions and have a poor short term memory. Most people with ADHD are often unable to sit still and are often restless and fidgety. These symptoms tend to occur more frequently in busy or highly stimulating group settings, like the classroom/office and family gatherings. Typically, increased stimuli and...
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...Over-prescribing of ADHD Medication to Children Lesley M. Thomas University of Houston- Clear Lake What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? According to the National Library of Medicine, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is defined as, “a problem of not being able to focus, being overactive, not being able to control behavior, or a combination of these.” (www.nlm.nih.gov) For a diagnosis of this disorder, generally referred to simply as ADHD, these issues must be out of the normal range for a person’s age and development. Although the majority of diagnoses are given to children and adolescents, there are also a vast number of ADHD cases diagnosed for adults. The purpose of my research paper is to offer background on this disorder, discuss the psychopharmacology of its treatment options, and to discuss whether ADHD medication is over-prescribed to children. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) states that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity has three different subtypes. Those subtypes are Predominantly Inattentive, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, and a combination of the two. In order for the Predominantly Inattentive subtype to be used, at least six or more symptoms of inattention must be both present and persistent for at least six months. However, there must be fewer than six symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity. For usage of the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subtype to be used, there must be a persistent presence of at least six...
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...Inattentive ADHD Name Institutional Affiliation Inattentive ADHD Inattentive ADHD is a condition of intense deficit in sustaining attention. Researchers have shown that stimulant medications are important in treating this disorder. However, such medication is not fit for all based on four reasons. First, a fifth of all children ailing from this condition do not gain significant benefits through medication. Secondly, some children suffer from the side effects of such medicinal intervention. Thirdly, primary symptoms persist even after using medicines. Fourth, some children suffering from ADHD are effectively helped by behavior therapy when symptoms are minor. This paper is a proposed action plan of treating John who suffers from inattentive ADHD through a functional behavioral assessment (FBA). a) Operational definition of behavior This is the first stage of the FBA. Prior to selecting effective data collection methods to perform the FBA, the paraprofessional should define the behavioral problem. This definition should take into account the measurable, observable, and objective terms. The behavioral problems identified should be clear. Otherwise, it increases the difficulties involved in measuring the behavior with accuracy. Moreover, it complicates the identification of the function of the behavior and the formulation of an effective intervention method. After a collection of concrete information, regarding he behavioral problem, then the teacher or paraprofessional can...
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...students that have behavioral disorders. These disorders must be taken into consideration when giving these students the best education possible. Teachers must accommodate to these children and incorporate them into the daily classroom. Every teacher has their own methods of doing this and can use their creativity to come up with these strategies for teaching. Some strategies may not work, so instructors must put much thought into how they are going to accommodate to these particular students. A very common disorder in children is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD. These students have a difficult time holding attention due to the lack of the ability to concentrate. These students tend to act impulsively, have attention deficits, and sometimes exude hyperactive behaviors. Children that have ADHD do not qualify for special education unless they also have another disability. Approximately 7.8 percent of children from the ages of 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD, research also shows that males are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD over women. These ratios vary from 4:1 to 9:1. These students with ADHD can be impulsive, which means they act before they think or before considering the situation that they are currently in. They also have a hard time concentrating and find it difficult to sit still. There are medications for ADHD, and they are prescribed often, there are also a variety of drugs that have been proven to make a child with ADHD more attentive and...
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...All such food is categorized as fast food which can be prepared and served quickly. Restaurants and kiosks provide fast food with precooked or preheated ingredients and usually served at a packaged form (Pollan, 2009). In the beginning, American hamburger and fries was considered as the traditional fast food but now the field has been widely diversified and food like pizzas, fish and chips, burgers from McDonalds and Kentucky Fried Chicken etc. are all considered fast food. Fast food market has shown an enormous and steady growth. In 2006 alone the market has reached to $102.4 billion with an annual growth rate of 4.8% (Adams, 2007). Fast food chains like McDonalds operate in more than 126 countries in six continents having more than 31,000 restaurants globally (Arndt, 2007). Burger King, another worldwide fast food chain, has operations in more than 65 countries of the world; KFC restaurants located over 25 countries, Subways is present in 90 countries with total 39,129 restaurants and so and so forth (Buthrie, Lin & Frazao, 2002). However, according to most of researches, fast food is not at all fit for health and can cause serious problems. According to Marion Nestle, Chair of New York University’s Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, “the increased calories in American diets come from eating more food in general, but especially more of foods high in fat (meat, dairy, fried foods, grain dishes with added fat), sugar (soft drinks, juice drinks, desserts)...
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...A Rhetorical Analysis of the CDC’s Website on ADHD The purpose of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is to protect the health of America and to “promote the quality of life through the prevention and control of the disease, injury, and disability (CDC, 2013).” The CDC has a concern about a growing disease that is normally found in children to young adults called Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD. This Rhetorical Analysis will be focused on ADHD. The CDC’s Website is trying to inform current or future patients, parents and care givers, and teachers on how to handle this illness. The CDC offers patients many different ways to find out information that is current about ADHD. As a patient or a future patient, the CDC informs the reader that the way how doctors accurately diagnosis patients by using the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth edition (DSM-5) (CDC, 2013). The website also provides a checklist to answer if the patient believes that he/she has the symptoms of ADHD that could be filled out prior to the patient seeing the doctor to help the physician diagnosis the patient. The CDC informs the patient on possible treatments that the patient would undergo to try to better control the illness of ADHD such as medication treatments and behavioral therapy. As a patient, the CDC tries to make the patient not feel alone by providing stories from other people. Besides just stories from other people...
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...with ADHD Cynthia G. Humphrey Wayland Baptist University RSWR 3345 August 2011 Abstract This paper explores various treatment options for children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The outcome of previous research was reviewed showing the effects on children and adolescents with ADHD when the method of treatment was pharmacology and when the method of treatment was pharmacology along with behavior modification. Behavior modification refers to programs that were administered in an academic environment or behavior programs that were part of psychotherapy. This paper specifically addresses the academic effects of treatment with medication, the effects of treatment with medication and behavior modification, and the effects of treatment with behavior modification alone. Keywords: ADHD; children; adolescents; behavioral; academic; treatment Effective Treatment for Children and Adolescents with ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex mental disorder that is controversial because of its method of diagnosis and detection. Children and adolescents with ADHD generally have difficulty concentrating, finishing tasks, controlling behavior, acting impulsively, and being overactive. Managing youth with ADHD can be difficult for parents, teachers and others that have direct contact with the child or adolescent. Medication is one of the most common first lines of treatment used to manage and alleviate the symptoms of ADHD in children...
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...PAPER ON ADHD Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral development disorder among children. In the United States there are at least 2 million grade school children that are diagnosed with the disorder (Dupper, 2003). ADHD is determined to be one of the most common development disorders in children (Barlow & Durand, 2009). This paper will discuss the different aspects of ADHD, its symptoms, common traits, and the known treatments being used by clinicians. Moreover, the paper will also touch on the important things to consider when dealing with ADHD, particularly in the area of social work. By doing so, it will determine why social work should be an integral part of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER (ADHD) Dr. George Still was the first to diagnose ADHD in 1902 (Rafalovich, 2001). He detected the disorder in 20 children who all had impaired concentration and over-activity. However it was only after the encephalitis outbreak in the United States from 1917- 1918 that serious study of the disorder took place (Rafalovich, 2001). Clinically called encephalitis luthargica was identified as a specific disease category of children demonstrating unconventional behavior (Rafalovich, 2001). The study of encephalitis luthargica paved the way for research modality in psychiatry that became the neurological basis for childhood deviance, exemplified by modern study of ADHD (Rafalovich, 2001). Today ADHD holds the...
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...psychological therapy and advice. Although there are a variety of careers in the field of psychology, the two that I find most interesting are Behavioral Therapist and Environmental Psychologist. One focuses on the individual themselves while the other focus on their environment at home or work. The key components of both of these career fields is to provide a social setting for learning, information, and a safe environment with access to a variety of resources that can help people deal with personal issues. Behavior therapy is focused on helping an individual understand how changing their behavior can lead to changes in how they are feeling. (Herkov, 2013) Basically the goal in this type of therapy is to get the individual to participate in bettering themselves in a positive way, whether it be for themselves or socially. Many of these techniques include Role playing, scheduling of weekly activities, self-monitoring and behavior modification. This field is my top choice as I have grown interest in this field since my son was diagnosed with being on the Autism Spectrum. Many schools designed for Autism use ABA (applied behavioral analysis) which is a program of behavior therapy that helps the individual reach success in their individual goals. Behavior modification which includes rewarding the individual for doing something towards positive behavior. Behavioral Therapy is like any other therapist career and requires a Master’s Degree. You will find that many Behavioral Therapist...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or more commonly known as ADHD is a disorder that is common in childhood that continues into adolescence. ADHD is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain receives, processes and responds to information (The National Center for Learning Disabilities, 2014). The main symptoms of ADHD include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (Brady). Many children suffer from ADHD without being diagnosed because the symptoms are different from child to child. There are three different categories of ADHD. These include predominantly hyperactive impulses, predominantly inattentive, and combined hyperactive-impulses and inattention (Brady). A child can be diagnosed with one of these three categories of ADHD depending on their specific symptoms but most children have a combination of hyperactive-impulses and inattention. The cause of ADHD is unknown but researchers are continually searching for answers. There are many different indications as to what causes ADHD such as genes, environmental factors and possibly the central nervous system (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013). Several environmental factors have been identified as supposed risk factors for ADHD. In utero events such as maternal stress during pregnancy (Talge, Neal, & Glover, 2007), prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol and other drugs/environmental toxins, (Ribas-Fitó et al., 2006) (Pineda et a., 2007), pregnancy/birth complications...
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...Caring for Children with ADHD Carrie Pernitza ENG/147 Prof. Mallory Dunkley November 30, 2015 Caring for Children with ADHD ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD has been a recognized disorder for over 50 years. There are three different types of ADHD. The disorder affects both males and females. ADHD does not affect intellectual ability, individuals with this disorder are just as smart as others. Doctors and researchers are still not sure why some people have ADHD. Researchers show that the disorder of ADHD probably genetic and that it may be inherited. Scientists are also exploring other things that may be associated with ADHD. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. ADHD is more common in kids who are born premature. The disorder affects both the females and the males. Experts have thought that ADHD occurs in three times as many boys as girls. Recently however, boys are more hyperactive then girls would be with this disorder. Hyperactive boys tend to be referred for evaluation somewhere between ages five and seven, and where girls sometimes goes undiagnosed due to it not being fully detectable in females. The three different subtypes of ADHD are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, or combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive...
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...Obsessive - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents A Review of Literature Galaunda J. Pee Professor Shirley McClerklin - Motley “Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV TR)” Coker College, Hartsville South Carolina Abstract Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or OCD, is a medical disorder that causes repetitive, unpleasant thoughts (obsessions) or behaviors (compulsions) that are difficult to control (Stewart et al.2007). Unlike ordinary worries or habits, these obsessions and compulsions may consume significant amounts of time, more than an hour per day, may interfere with a person’s daily schedule. OCD may cause significant distress, and affects approximately one percent of children and adolescents. It was once considered a rare condition, but is now viewed as not only one of the more prevalent psychiatric disorders, but also one the most disabling medical disorders. Obsessive-compulsive disorder has a significant impact on humans and social functioning, quality of life, family, Relationships socio-economic status. Think of OCD as an “overactive alarm system.” Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), is a debilitation neuropsychiatry disorder with a lifetime prevalence of two to three percent and is estimated to be the tenth leading cause of disability in the world (Abramowitz, J.S. (2006)...
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