...Literature Review: Key Research Sources Journal of Cotemporary Accounting and Economics The Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics is committed to issuing high quality manuscripts that thoroughly apply economics and legal theory to accounting and auditing with an emphasis on realistic research. Although there is a special focus on issues relevant to the Asia-Pacific region, the Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics also encourage proposals from countries outside the Asia-Pacific region in the following major areas associated with accounting and auditing issues: financial contracts, corporate governance, capital markets, financial institutions and economics of organizations. The International Journal of Accounting The journal assists in the comprehension of the present and potential capability of accounting to support in the recording and understanding of international economic transactions. These transactions may be within a profit or nonprofit environment. The journal purposely encourages an extensive view of the origins and development of accounting with an emphasis on its functions in an increasingly interdependent global economy, and uses relevant documentation that helps explain current international accounting practices, with related theoretical justifications, and identify issues of current practice. Accounting, Organizations and Society Accounting, Organizations & Society is a major international journal that focuses on all aspects...
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...SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF COMMERCE A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR Project work Paper No. – CH 6.3 (b) (Submitted for Partial Fulfillment Towards Requirement of B.COM (HONS.) Course) Ashvi Mittal 12BC136 12072204129 E-21 2014-15 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Miss Ankita Tomar Assistant Professor Department of Commerce Shri Ram College of Commerce University of Delhi 1 DECLARATION BY STUDENT This is to certify that the material embodied in this study entitled “A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR” is based on my own research work and my indebtedness to other work/publications has been acknowledged at the relevant places. This study has not been submitted elsewhere either wholly or in part for award of any degree. Ashvi Mittal B.Com(H) Section-E 12BC136 2 DECLARATION BY TEACHER INCHARGE This is to certify that the project titled “A STUDY ON FACTORS INFLUENCING INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR BEHAVIOUR” done by Ashvi Mittal is a part of her academic curriculum for the degree of B.Com(H). It has no commercial implication and is done only for academic purpose. Mrs Aruna Jha Miss Ankita Tomar (Teacher in- charge’s name and signature) signature) 3 (Mentor’s name and Signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel great pleasure in expressing my gratitude to my mentor Miss Ankita Tomar of Commerce Department, Shri Ram College of...
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...Behavioural Finance Martin Sewell University of Cambridge February 2007 (revised April 2010) Abstract An introduction to behavioural finance, including a review of the major works and a summary of important heuristics. 1 Introduction Behavioural finance is the study of the influence of psychology on the behaviour of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets. Behavioural finance is of interest because it helps explain why and how markets might be inefficient. For more information on behavioural finance, see Sewell (2001). 2 History Back in 1896, Gustave le Bon wrote The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, one of the greatest and most influential books of social psychology ever written (le Bon 1896). Selden (1912) wrote Psychology of the Stock Market. He based the book ‘upon the belief that the movements of prices on the exchanges are dependent to a very considerable degree on the mental attitude of the investing and trading public’. In 1956 the US psychologist Leon Festinger introduced a new concept in social psychology: the theory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, Riecken and Schachter 1956). When two simultaneously held cognitions are inconsistent, this will produce a state of cognitive dissonance. Because the experience of dissonance is unpleasant, the person will strive to reduce it by changing their beliefs. Pratt (1964) considers utility functions, risk aversion and also risks considered as a proportion of total assets...
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...Behavioural Finance Martin Sewell University of Cambridge February 2007 (revised April 2010) Abstract An introduction to behavioural finance, including a review of the major works and a summary of important heuristics. 1 Introduction Behavioural finance is the study of the influence of psychology on the behaviour of financial practitioners and the subsequent effect on markets. Behavioural finance is of interest because it helps explain why and how markets might be inefficient. For more information on behavioural finance, see Sewell (2001). 2 History Back in 1896, Gustave le Bon wrote The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, one of the greatest and most influential books of social psychology ever written (le Bon 1896). Selden (1912) wrote Psychology of the Stock Market. He based the book ‘upon the belief that the movements of prices on the exchanges are dependent to a very considerable degree on the mental attitude of the investing and trading public’. In 1956 the US psychologist Leon Festinger introduced a new concept in social psychology: the theory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, Riecken and Schachter 1956). When two simultaneously held cognitions are inconsistent, this will produce a state of cognitive dissonance. Because the experience of dissonance is unpleasant, the person will strive to reduce it by changing their beliefs. Pratt (1964) considers utility functions, risk aversion and also risks considered as a proportion of total assets. Tversky and Kahneman...
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...Kapitel 1 Normative (prescriptive) accounting theory Inte baserad på empiriska tester (som positive teorier är) utan de är baserade på vad researcher tror ska eller borde inträffa vid särskilda omständigheter. Teorier som föreskriver (prescribe) istället för förklarar (describe) särskilda handlingar kallas för normativa teorier eftersom att dom baseras på normer som researchern som lägger fram teorierna har. T.ex. säger hur vi ska ta till oss och använda redovisningsmetoder. Kapitel 2 Theories of regulation Public interest theory There is the public interest theory of regulation which propose that regulation be introduces to protect the public. It assumes that the regulatory body (usually government) is a neutral arbiter of the public interest and does not let its own self-interest impact on its rule-making processes. “The regulator does its best to regulate so as to maximize social welfare. Consequently, regulation is thought of as a trade-off between the costs of regulation and its social benefits in the form of improved operations of markets”. Regulation put in place to benefit society as a whole rather than vested interests. Regulatory body considered to represent interests of the society in which it operates, rather than private interests of the regulators. Assumes that government is a neutral arbiter. Criticisms of public interest theory Critics question assumptions that economic markets operate inefficiently if unregulated. Question the assumption...
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...UNDERGRADUATE REGULATIONS & SYLLABUSES 2014 - 2015 THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN ............................................................. 3 UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMES ................................................ 4 ACADEMIC CALENDAR 2014-2015 ................................................ 5 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................... 13 GENERAL INFORMATION & REGULATIONS .............................. 14 General Regulations for Bachelor of Science Degrees 14 Special Regulations for Degrees in Hospitality and Tourism Management........................................................... 27 Franchise Agreements .......................................................... 27 EVENING UNIVERSITY -GENERAL INFORMATION & REGULATIONS ................................................................................... 28 General Regulations for Bachelor of Science Degrees 28 General Regulations for Diploma Programmes ............ 36 General Regulations for Certificate Programmes ......... 37 STUDENT PRIZES .............................................................................. 38 CODE OF CONDUCT ........................................................................ 39 UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS ON PLAGIARISM .......................... 40 THE ACADEMIC SUPPORT/ DISABILITIES LIAISON UNIT (ASDLU) ..............................................................................................
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...This article was downloaded by: [The University Of Melbourne Libraries] On: 02 September 2015, At: 02:39 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG Accounting and Business Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rabr20 Fairness in performance evaluation and its behavioural consequences a Mahfud Sholihin & Richard Pike a b Universitas Gadjah Mada , Indonesia b School of Management , Bradford University , Emm Lane, Bradford, BD9 4JL Phone: +44 (0)1274 234393 Fax: +44 (0)1274 234393 E-mail: Published online: 04 Jan 2011. To cite this article: Mahfud Sholihin & Richard Pike (2009) Fairness in performance evaluation and its behavioural consequences, Accounting and Business Research, 39:4, 397-413, DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2009.9663374 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2009.9663374 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors...
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...ACCOUNTING THEORY AND PRACTICE (FAR 600) Teaching and Learning Arrangements (SEMESTER: JAN 2007 – APRIL 2007) COURSE CODE : FAR 600 PROGRAM : BACHELOR OF ACCOUNTING (HONS) CREDIT HOURS : 4 CONTACT HOURS : 4 STATUS : CORE SYNOPSIS This financial accounting course exposes students to accounting theory, corporate accounting policies and financial reporting practices. The importance of history is introduced through a brief discussion on accounting history from both experiences of both western and Muslim Civilization. In understanding the theoretical framework of accounting, the various perspectives on financial accounting theory are examined with particular emphasis on their rationale and implications on accounting practice. General concepts of theory formulation are discussed and types of accounting perspectives and research are also introduced in this course. Corporate Accounting Policies are explained by the development of the Conceptual Framework and the Importance of a Regulatory Environment. The Standard Setting process in Malaysia is discussed. An analytical approach of the accounting standards is adopted by examining the recognition, measurement, disclosure and presentation of accounting information is discussed. Significant emphasis is placed on Asset Measurement, Nature of Liabilities, Types of Equity, Recognition of Revenue and Income Finally contemporary accounting practices and...
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...The Australasian Accounting Business & Finance Journal, February 2007 Gaffikin: Accounting Research and Theory: the age of neo-empiricism. Vol. 1, No.1.pp. 1-19. Accounting Research and Theory: The age of neo-empiricism Michael Gaffikin, School of Accounting & Finance, University of Wollongong ABSTRACT The theorising in accounting prior to 1970 was rejected as not providing sufficiently general theories. Informed by theories in economics and finance (and other disciplines such as psychology) and with the aid of computers, attempts to theorise accounting took a new direction. Large data collection and analysis emphasized a purportedly more systematic empirical approach to developing theory. Key words: accounting; neo-empiricism; capital markets research; behavioural finance; efficient markets hypothesis; positive accounting theory INTRODUCTION Around 1970 there was a dramatic change in the approach to accounting research. Several reasons have been suggested for this change in methodological direction by those reviewing the development of accounting thought. To many, a major distinction is a change in direction away from attempts to prescribe a theory of accounting to developing theory from a description of extant practices. To advocates of the latter, previous attempts to develop a theory of accounting were futile as there could never be agreement over many of the inputs into a theory such as the postulates, principles but most specifically the assumptions. Although a...
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...Introduction Efficient market hypothesis is widely accepted by academic community as a cornerstone of modern financial theory. Fama (1970) gives detailed definition of this theory and states that efficient market is a market that stock prices quickly and fully reflect all available and newly released information, where majority of participants are rational in their decision making process and where an investor is not able to outperform the market through any analyses, because of actual price of stock shows its intrinsic value. Naturally such revolutionary hypothesis did not occur suddenly. In 1990 Louis Bachelier in his "Theory of Speculation" paragraph gave definition of informational efficiency of the market. This study was not being developed until 1953 when Maurice Kendall who postulated that stock prices movement follow the random walk theory. Further enhancement of these studies associated with the name of Eugene Fama who gave comprehensive resume of efficient market hypothesis, as well as empirical evidences to support it and defined three form of efficient market: weak, semi-strong and strong in 1970 (Dimson and Mussavian, 1998). Later several different researches have been carried out by financial academics which continuously underpinned efficient market hypothesis. Consequently this theory began widely use by investors for investment decision making process. However only after two decades this hypothesis began less dominance in the market. Several crashes, changing...
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...of Financial Management equips students with the knowledge and understanding necessary to apply this knowledge to real-life business situations. In an organisation financial management is split into its two principal roles. These are the accounting function, usually under the direction of the financial controller, and the corporate finance function directed by the treasurer. Accounting is concerned with the provision and interpretation of information for economic decision making. Accounting is itself split between management accounting - the internal facing function - which services the information needs of the organisation’s management and financial accounting - the external facing, highly regulated, function - which provides information for investors, the general public, regulatory bodies etc. The corporate finance function is concerned with managing the finances of the organisation and is involved in cash management, asset allocation, capital structuring and financial risk management in areas such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity trading. The programme is structured so that students specialise through courses within choices including advanced corporate finance, advanced finance theory, behavioural finance and market anomalies, derivatives, investment management, public sector financial management. The MSc in Financial Management also has an academic orientation, so apart from being suitable for those who enter a business career, it...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS * Executive Summary 2 * Introduction 3 * Cash Budget 3 * Operating Budget 3 * Budgeting Administration 4 * Behavioural Aspect of Budgeting 4 * Participative Budgeting 5 * Top Down Process 6 * Bottom up Process 6 * Budgetary Slack 6 * Frequent feedback on Performance 7 * Monetary and Nonmonetary Incentives 7 * Realistic Standards 8 * Controllability of Costs 8 * Multiple Measures of Performance 8 * Conclusion 8 * References 9 Executive Summary: The following Accounting report contains information related to budgets, different types of budgets and how this all leads to change in different aspect of human behaviour. The objective of this report is to promote a reasonable amount of positive behaviour in an organization. There are five factors which are being discussed in this report, Participative budget, and frequent feedback on performance, Monetary and Nonmonetary incentives, Realistic Standards, Controllability costs. Under participative budget there are two levels of management the first one is top level management and the second is bottom level management. Participative budget also creates a slack which is known as budgetary slack for management. Introduction:- A...
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...Homework Assignment for 4D1165 Behavioural Management Control Year 2007 Part I: The Homework Questions This, the first section, of my homework assignment contains the twenty homework questions that have been handed out to us students throughout the course, along with the answers I’ve composed in order of answering these. 1. One of the causes of management control problems is lack of direction. Why does this problem exist? Lack of direction, a fundamental element in many dysfunctional organizations, constitutes one of the primary needs for management control. Employees are likely to perform in an unsatisfactory manner unless expectations and functions are clarified. Flaws in encouragement and surveillance may loosen the strings between employee and employees, resulting in confusion. Confusion, in this context, involves having people do the wrong things; consequentially leading to decreased productivity. Leo’s Four-Plex Theatre, the first case discussed in class, illustrates the severe effects that a lack of direction may cause. As the personnel of the theatre were unaware of procedures, uninformed about regulations and seemingly, not well instructed on how to perform simple tasks, mistakes occurred. Two lines from the case text make this obvious: (1) The cash counts revealed, almost invariably, less cash than the amounts that should have been collected.[1] (2) Tickets of the wrong color or with the wrong dates in the stub boxes. Bill Reilly, the manager of Leo’s Four-Plex...
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...ASB-3101 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Credits: 10 Contact hours: 23 Semester: 1 Pre-requisites: ASB-2104 Module organiser: Sally Sambrook Note: This module is available through the medium of Welsh (ACB-3101). Aims: To examine issues and developments in the field of contemporary human resource management (HRM). To develop an understanding of the complex issues facing human resource (HR) specialists and line managers in meeting their responsibilities for selecting, deploying, training, appraising, rewarding, relating to and retaining human resources. Learning Outcomes: On completing the module, students are expected to be able to: • Explain the contribution of the HR function to corporate strategy; • Discuss the processes of recruitment, assessment and selection; • Outline activities involved in developing human resources and facilitating learning; • Explain the link between rewards, motivation and performance; • Critically evaluate the changing employment relationship, assessing the role of trade unions and other forms of employee involvement. Module Content: • History of the HR function, theories and models of HRM; • The roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in HRM; • The changing nature of work, managing diversity, technology and flexibility; • Human resourcing: recruitment and selection, human resource planning; • Reward and performance management; • Employee relations, employment legislation...
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...European Financial Management, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2007, 12–29 doi: 10.1111/j.1468-036X.2007.00415.x Behavioural Finance: A Review and Synthesis Avanidhar Subrahmanyam Anderson Graduate School of Management, University of California at Los Angeles, USA E-mail: subra@anderson.ucla.edu Abstract I provide a synthesis of the Behavioural finance literature over the past two decades. I review the literature in three parts, namely, (i) empirical and theoretical analyses of patterns in the cross-section of average stock returns, (ii) studies on trading activity, and (iii) research in corporate finance. Behavioural finance is an exciting new field because it presents a number of normative implications for both individual investors and CEOs. The papers reviewed here allow us to learn more about these specific implications. Keywords: behavioural finance, market efficiency, cross-section of stock returns JEL classifications: G00, G10, G11, G14, G31, G32, G34 1. Introduction The field of finance, until recently, had the following central paradigms: (i) portfolio allocation based on expected return and risk (ii) risk-based asset pricing models such as the CAPM and other similar frameworks, (iii) the pricing of contingent claims, and (iv) the Miller-Modigliani theorem and its augmentation by the theory of agency. These economic ideas were all derived from investor rationality. While these approaches revolutionised the study of finance and brought rigour into the field, many lacunae...
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