...company accounts, she successfully covered her crime. Required: 5 + 5 = 10 Marks 1. Using the elements of fraud, explain how this case of employee embezzlement would be deemed as fraud. (5 Marks) __________________________________________________________________________________Comments: students should consider the 7-elements (not the fraud triangle here). – “Fraud” is deception that includes the following elements 1. A representation 2. About a material point 3. Which is false 4. And intentionally or recklessly so, 5. Which is believed 6. And acted upon by the victim 7. To the victim’s damage This was a case of employee embezzlement (some might also suggest senior management fraud, as See Lay See was a senior manager; however, this was a non-collusive fraud situation). The 7-elements are required for this to be deemed fraud (but note some jurisdictions take a wide interpretation of “victim” to include potential shareholders or society at large. 1. Representation – this was a claim made by See about the company accounts being true and fair 2. Material point – this was proven to be material as it induced victims, that is, there was a widespread belief that the accounts were true. The company (and other victims) decisions were based on this deception. Note material could be $1 – all that needs to be shown is that the accounts...
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...health. The scams profiled include home-improvement projects, where a person takes the victim's money but does not perform the work promised; investment frauds and controlling their money for the future; and health and medical scams, which promise the equipment and service that do not perform as advertised. Also, research was taken from a survey from a rehab center with most of them senior citizens. The primary advice for preventing such white-collar crimes is to never give money for a product, service, or investment based upon a person's or business promise without first conducting a thorough background check. Key Terms: Senior Citizen, White Collar Crime, Prevention, Con Artists White Collar Crime against Senior Citizens Senior citizens are some of the most vulnerable targets when it comes to fraud and scam within white collar crime. There are many reasons why many people target the senior citizens and elderly mostly including but not limited to: because they are too polite and have good manners. For example, the elderly will usually not say no to people they are talking to. One of the main reasons that senior citizens have a problem is when they do find out about the scam and/or fraud; they are too embarrassed to report to the police or even their family members. This paper will focus on why the elderly are being targeted, the different types of white collar crime committed against them, and how they can be prevented. After speaking with a majority of the senior...
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...BACKGROUND BRIEF: JAMAICAN LOTTERY SCAM This label is ready to print onto Avery Label #8931 NOVEMBER 2012 CARIBBEAN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE BLOCK H, ALISTER MCINTYRE BUILDING UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, MONA KINGSTON 7, JAMAICA TEL: (876) 970-3447 (876) 970-2910 FAX: (876) 970-4544 EMAIL: INFO@CAPRICARIBBEAN.ORG Copyright © 2012 CaPRI All rights reserved. This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada. This page was left blank intentionally. BACKGROUND BRIEF The Lottery Scam “Advance fee fraud on the internet is a current epidemic that rakes in hundreds of millions of dollars per year. The advent of the internet and proliferation of its use in the 1990s makes it an attractive medium for communicating the fraud, enabling a worldwide reach.”1 Advance Fee Fraud gets its name from the fact that an investor is asked to pay a fee 2 up front or in advance of receiving any proceeds, money etc. These types of scams are not unique to Jamaica and in fact have existed in other parts of the world for some time, as evident from the signature by member and non-member States of the Council of Europe of the Convention on Cybercrime in Budapest, on 23 November 2001, long before this became a major issue for Jamaica. In 1999, the Jamaican Government initiated the liberalization of the telecommunications industry with full liberalization taking effect in March 2003. Since then there has been a...
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...White-collar Crime? 3 Workplace Safety 4 Fraud 6 Sentencing 9 Conclusion 10 Endnotes 11 Introduction Crime is such a general word, and describes a whole conundrum of activities that are seen as unlawful. The oxford dictionary defines crime as “an action of omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law”. There are many different types of crimes, and they are classified based on the seriousness of the crime. Minor crimes/offences, for example a traffic offence, are called misdemeanors. More serious crimes, like murder, are called felonies and are punishable by more than a year in prison. When people hear the word crime, they most often associate it with a dangerous, violent act. There are crimes that are not violent in nature, but are still considered criminal acts because of their nature and their purpose. White-collar crime is one of those types of crimes that are non-violent but have a great impact on its victims. What is White-Collar Crime? White-collar crime is “generally identified as non-violent crimes that public officials and business people commit predominantly for their own personal gain”. Edwin Sutherland came up with the term “white-collar crime” to explain the crimes that both middle class and upper class people committed in the course of their business activities. White-collar crime is so often neglected as crime, that many people don’t even consider it as a crime until they are the victims. People don’t understand that the effects...
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...commit fraud or other crimes.” (Fighting Back Against Identity Theft: Federal Trade Commission). According to the Federal Trade Commission, identity theft complaints have decreased since year 2008 (314,521 to 250,854). It is estimated by the FTC that as many as 9 million Americans have their identities stolen each year. As information technology progresses along with society, there is always an increased risk of having one’s identity stolen. “Identity theft was the number one complaint category in the CSN for calendar year 2010 with 19% of the overall complaints, followed by Debt Collection (11%); Internet Services (5%); Prizes, Sweepstakes and Lotteries (5%); Shop-at-Home and Catalog Sales (4%); Imposter Scams (4%); Internet Auction (4%); Foreign Money Offers and Counterfeit Check Scams (3%); Telephone and Mobile Services (3%); and Credit Cards (2%).” (Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book: For January - December 2010, 2011). Although the numbers have slightly decreased, overall, identity theft is on the rise. “According to a February 2012 Javelin Study, identity theft rose 13% from 2010 to 2011. More than 11.6 million adults became a victim of identity theft in the United States during 2011.” (Coping with Identity Theft: Reducing the Risk of Fraud, 2012). How do perpetrators steal the identities of unsuspecting victims? It is unfortunately simple, and there are several ways to do so: “Dumpster Diving”: which involves sifting through the trash of potential victims to search...
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...accounting fraud in small business and narrowing the topic to two main factors that allow the fraud to take place. The presentation will be specifically informational in nature. Once I have finished my presentation, the audience will have a clear understanding of my central idea, which is why limited staff and family trust are reasons that small businesses are victims of accounting fraud. The ideal audience for my presentation would be a meeting of a small business alliance, chamber of commerce, entrepreneur club, and any other group or class that would benefit from learning about accounting fraud in small businesses. My topic would benefit a more specific group of people such as those that are interested in or work in the field of accounting or business. Since my intended audience are adults that are working in the field of accounting or business or have an interest in these fields; my topic is appropriate for the age range, interests and general knowledge of my audience. The importance of my presentation to the audience is significant since the individuals in the intended audience will be either working or interested in business or accounting and quite possibly be involved in a small business at some level. It will be important for them to know about the reasons small businesses are the most common victims of accounting fraud. Once informed about the reasons, they will be able to apply what they have learned from my presentation towards identifying possible fraud in the small...
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...Anatomy of a Fraud Project Abraham Kennard: The False Profit Alisan James Forensic Accounting November 25, 2013 Dr. N. Sharma Abstract The goals and objectives of a fraud investigation are to think critically and creatively to be able to prepare and organize ideas to uncover a suspected fraud. Crook, hustler, swindler, fraudster and con artist are all used interchangeably to describe someone who will spare no expense to deliberately and intentionally achieve an advantage over another by false statements and suppression of truth. Fraud is elevated to another level when the con artist aims and targets investments scams towards members of a specific group, particularly religious groups. This is commonly referred to as, affinity fraud. This paper will extensively and thoroughly evaluate the anatomy of the fraud perpetrated by Abraham Kennard, an inappropriately named man of God who viewed the weaknesses of the African-American church to use his big personality and persuasive attitude to ultimately scam nearly 1,600 churches in 41 states, totaling almost $9 million. This paper will also discuss and analyze the application of the fraud triangle, the application of the fraud theory, explain the evidence and damages of the fraud, describe the disposal of the case and the lessons learned in relation to this ponzi scheme. The goal of this paper is to not only increase awareness of this type of scheme, but to also educate and prevent those who may be potential targets from...
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...and costs of this crime. Discussion will then focus on victims and perpetrators of identity theft. Common techniques used by identity thieves will be explored along with tips to protect consumers and businesses from having their identities stolen or data breached. Legislation in place to prevent and prosecute identity theft will be discussed. How to report identity theft is also explained. Defining Identity Theft The U.S. Department of Justice defines identity theft, also called identity fraud, as “all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain” (U.S. Department of Justice, 2015). Identity thieves use personal data such as Social Security numbers, bank account or credit card numbers to personally profit at the victim’s expense. These breaches allow thieves to take funds out of bank accounts or in the worst cases, take over a victim’s identity completely, running up huge debts and committing crimes using the victim’s name. Victims not only suffer the out-of-pocket financial losses, but they may have to rebuild their reputation in the community due to the perpetrator’s actions (U.S. Department of Justice, 2015). Identity theft is expected to surpass traditional theft as the leading form of property crime. Security analysts state everyone should prepare to be a victim of identity theft at some time in their lives (Anderson...
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...How Identity Theft Affect the Culture of our Society Sections I, II, III and IV Rodrekus Baskin DeVry University How Identity Fraud and Theft Impact the Culture of Our Society Section I Identity theft affects millions of Americans every day. Scam artists and hackers lay in wait for an unsuspecting person to get caught up their scheme through ignorance or naivety so they can take full advantage of their personal information to do as they desire with it. Problem is, it infiltrates and depreciates the integral infrastructure of our society which creates a cultural lapse through the declination of economic and cultural growth and double jeopardizes an already unstable system to the brink of its destruction. To understand how identity theft works or happens, one need to know and understand what identity theft is, the different forms of identity theft, cyber security and the impact on its victims, the methods used by identity thieves to obtain identifying information about their victims, and preventive solutions. How Identity Theft Affect the Culture of Our Society A single mother looking forward to advancing her financial situation comes across what appears to be the opportunity she has been waiting for. A real estate agent has provided her with the fortune of owning her own home and without skepticism of any impending dangers or foul play, even though he displayed what appeared to be proper credentials, she relinquished all of her personal data...
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...Identity Theft Introduction Today, the United States is facing an ever-growing number of identity theft crimes. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), nearly 10 million Americans suffered the consequences of this crime in 2004, and the commission received more than 5,000 telephone calls per week related to identity theft in 2005. According to the FTC(2006) most victims of identity theft are quite unaware of how their personal information was obtained. Identity theft happens when someone steals your personal information and uses it without your permission. It’s a serious crime that can wreak havoc with your finances, credit history, and reputation and can take time, money, and patience to resolve. (Identity Theft/ Consumer Information). The sharing of information on transaction identities is necessary for operation of these payment systems. However, this information sharing can facilitate fraud in the form of identity theft. Information sharing can also create conflicts of interest that may not be easily resolved through the operation of the marketplace. Thoughtful public policy should be aimed at resolving these conflicts. The ultimate goal of regulation should not be absolute privacy of consumers or complete suppression of identity theft, but instead the promotion of efficient confidentiality of personal information . Too much white space. What is Identity Theft? Identity theft is a crime when someone without permission uses of another person’s...
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...Internet Fraud Today we live in a modernized society that is dependent on computers and the internet like the human body is dependent on its brain and heart for ordinary daily function. In 1973, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) initiated a research program to investigate techniques and technologies for interlinking packet networks of various kinds. The objective was to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks. This was called the Inter netting project and the system of networks which emerged from the research was known as the "Internet. (2) The Internet is constantly developing, becoming a greater power each day and it has affected our world in various negative and positive ways. The internet serves as an important data base worldwide. It is the greatest source of information, news, entertainment, education and even local and global interactions such as sales and trade are performed through the internet making life so much easier and hustle free. Computers are emerging almost in every aspect of our lives usually they are making everything very convenient for us, permitting us to shop from home, research information, work online, and communicate with our friends, family and acquaintances all around the world with speed. As technology continues to improve more benefits and disadvantages start to evolve. Internet access is no longer a luxury...
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...Introduction Over the centuries, the term ‘identity theft’ has meant many things. People have pretended to be other when committing crimes to avoid sentencing. Identities have been stolen in order to obtain certain medical care or drugs that would be unavailable otherwise. In this day and age, identity theft has become synonymous with finances. Thieves all over the world are using various methods to gain access to your money; and they’re more successful at it now than ever before. According to a 2013 Javelin report, 13.1 million people in the United States suffered financially because of identity fraud. According to multiple reports, that number is expected to rise in 2014 and beyond. As we get smarter about how financial identity theft is committed, criminals become smarter about gaining our sensitive information. When we became good about shredding old credits cards and bank statements, they used e-mail and phone schemes to coax us into giving our information to them. Companies invest millions of dollars into new technologies meant to keep criminals out of databases, and criminals simply bypass these obstacles with combinations of cutting-edge and archaic techniques. It’s a vicious cycle that seems to have no end. So how can we as consumers protect ourselves from these identity thieves? Consumers must take a more active role in their financial lives, especially when it comes to online transactions. People often rely on stores and banks to protect their identities online...
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...Credit freezes are often confused with fraud alerts, but they are really nothing similar. A fraud alert is when new creditors are alerted that you may have been the victim of fraud, and the creditor is required to take additional verification steps that prove they should be accessing your credit and opening an account for you before they can issue the credit. Fraud alerts also remove you from receiving prescreened offers for insurance and credit. A credit freeze is something a consumer can place on his or her own credit report - depending on where in the country you live. Some states allow anyone to put a freeze on their credit; while others only allow the victims of identity theft to freeze their credit. Here are other tips that will help you understand the basics of a credit freeze: Even if your credit is frozen, your report can be updated by your existing creditors. Don't think that...
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...What is fraud? Fraud is defined as “the intentional false representation or concealment of a material fact for the purpose of inducing another to act upon it to his or her injury” as defined by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. In other words, fraud is gaining an unfair advantage over another person. Legally for an act to be fraudulent it has to include the following: 1- A false statement, misrepresentation, or a false disclosure. 2- A material fact, which is something that drives a person to act 3- An intent to deceive others 4- A justifiable reliance as to why he/she is doing it 5- An injury or loss suffered by the victim There are many words used to describe fraud: Fraud, con, swindle, extortion, sham, double-cross,...
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...Licensed to: iChapters User Licensed to: iChapters User Fraud Examination, Fourth Edition W. Steve Albrecht Chad O. Albrecht Conan C. Albrecht Mark F. Zimbelman VP/Editorial Director: Jack W. Calhoun Editor-in-Chief: Rob Dewey Sr. Acquisitions Editor: Matt Filimonov Associate Developmental Editor: Julie Warwick Editorial Assistant: Ann Mazzaro Marketing Manager: Natalie Livingston Marketing Coordinator: Nicole Parsons Content Project Management: PreMediaGlobal Sr. Manufacturing Buyer: Doug Wilke Production House/Compositor: PreMediaGlobal © 2012, 2009 South-Western, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2010940986 ISBN-13:...
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