...Accounting System and Financial Reporting of NGOs: Case Study of a BRAC’s Project Munima Siddika1, Mohammad Sarwar Jahan Rekabder2 and A.K.M. Delwar Hossain3 tawheedfj@yahoo.com Abstract: In the absence of specific accounting and financial reporting standards and diverse interpretation of certain terms under the laws of the land, it has become a very difficult task to follow a standardized procedure in generation and presentation of accounting and financial information of NGOs. The practices followed by NGOs in Bangladesh are varied and diverse and there by preparation of financial statements are incomparable and difficult for uses to understand. The paper tries to demonstrate financial reporting and accounting system of a BRAC’s project and provide a guideline for constituting suitable financial reporting and accounting systems for NGOs. The article elaborates on basis of preparation of financial statements and reporting procedure and then followed by accounting systems of regional office and head office of that project. The final part of the article discuses issues relating to financial report and financial transparency of the project. Munima Siddika, Lecturer, Faculty of Business and Economics, Daffodil International University, 102 Sukrabad, Mirpur Road, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Mohammad Sarwar Jahan Rekabder, Lecturer, Faculty of Business and Social Studies...
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...Abstract Most business enterprises seek to expand over time in order to survive and become profitable. Increased size often allows economies of scale in both production and distribution. Companies can develop new earning potential by expanding and add greater stability to earnings through diversification. Complex organizational structures help achieve business objectives such as increased profitability and reduced risks. Also, these complex structures allow the company to reduce its overall tax burden. One such strategy is discussed in this paper. Transfer pricing allows the company to price the inter-company transactions. Transfer pricing simplifies the accounting of transactions that take place between affiliated or related entities. Companies have freedom in valuing inter-company transactions. But, if strategically implemented, this strategy allows the company to save taxes and retain large amount of profits. Keywords: Transfer mispricing, tax-havens, Double Irish Dutch Arrangement Transfer Pricing Transfer pricing is the methodology used to set the prices for goods sold or services provided between related entities within an enterprise. Related entities are those which are under control of a single corporation and include branches and companies that are wholly or majority owned ultimately by the parent company. Generally, such a transfer price should be equal to the price which the entity would charge to an independent customer, an arm’s length customer. Such a price...
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...I. Executive Summary A. Brief Description of Products and Services The JNJ Enterprises produces chairs which will be selling to its consumers. The name of their product is called “WELL CHAIR”. The positioning statement of JNJ Enterprises is “WELL CHAIR with CARE”, C for CLASS, A for AFFORDABILITY, R for RECYCLABILITY, E FOR ENVIROMENTAL CARE. “WELLCHAIR” is a product that has unique design which their customer will greatly benefit from their quality products in terms of, comfort, and appreciation of the room environment. “WELLCHAIR” helps to decorate homes in very attractive designs and it helps to create pleasant, productive office environments with well-designed furniture that transforms a simple room into the classic mode, in which people can stay. Also in home decoration “WELLCHAIR” helps to spend a happy moment together with their family. The JNJ Enterprises always provide the best possible value to their customers who care about quality office environments and home decorations. The features of their products are the following: (1) backside of the chair (rattan plastic) – it has the function to lean on and it has benefits for comfort and relaxation. (2) the seat (made of tire/foam/rubber)- has the function to sit onto and has mini cabinet to put the things and has benefit to relax and to feel relieve and at the same there is an organizer inside the tire. (3) leg extender- which has a function of extending your legs and has a benefits of comfort...
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...Saint Petersburg State University Graduate School of Management Group project for the Corporate Finance course (Part II) Financial Statements Analysis, Free Cash Flow Estimation, Company Valuation, Description of Dividend Policy and Recently Taken Projects For PAO Gazprom Performed by group №___ MiM, cohort II Group members: Supervisor: assoc. prof. Yulia B. Ilina Financial statements analysis This part of analysis will be conducted using financial ratios, percentage change in the balance sheets and income statements, as well as common size balance sheets and income statements for the years 2010 – 2014. Some values of industry averages were found in the Thomson Reuters Eikon database. Missing values were calculated using financial statements of the key players in the industry (ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron and BP). Financial ratios Liquidity ratios Let us look at whether Gazprom can meet its short-term obligations using the resources it has at the moment. Current ratio measures the firm’s ability to pay its short-term and long-term obligations Current ratio= Current assestsCurrent liabilities. Fig.1 For Gazprom it equals 2,38, while the industry average is 1,16. This means that Gazprom can cover all its current liabilities with its current assets easily. It is higher than the industry average, which indicates that Gazprom can cover its current liabilities with its current assets easier than an average company from the industry. Gazprom can invest in...
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...Operations Management School of Engineering The University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Operations Management UTCC Product and Service Design School of Engineering The University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Operations Management UTCC Operations Management UTCC Agenda • The need for product and service design or redesign • Sources of ideas for design or redesign • Design elements for both manufacturing and service. Operations Management UTCC Product and Service Design • Major factors in design strategy – – – – – Cost Quality Time-to-market Customer satisfaction Competitive advantage Product and service design – or redesign – should be cl se l ti d to a n o rg a n i ti n ’ stra te g y o y e za o s Operations Management UTCC Product or Service Design Activities • Translate customer wants and needs into product and service requirements (Hospital, Toyota) • Refine existing products and services • Develop new products and services • Formulate quality goals • Formulate cost targets • Construct and test prototypes • Document specifications Operations Management UTCC Refine existing products and services Operations Management UTCC Develop new products and services • Understanding the customer • Economic change: low or high demand, excessive warranty claims, the need to reduce costs • Social and demographic: aging baby boomers, population shifts • Political, liability, or legal: government changes, safety issues...
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...Cover page Course Title: Course Code: F-306 Submitted to: Tazrina Farah Lecturer Dept. of Finance University of Dhaka Submitted by: Masud Ahmed | | Kazi Umme Sumaiya | 16-022 | Khaleda Aziz | | Akhter-E-Tamanna | | Arjumand Naznin | 16-120 | Shahriar Azad Shashi | 16-142 | Sameya Azad | | Tasrifa Sultana | 16-154 | Mohammad Mominuzzaman Bhuiyan | | Mst. Shamsunnahar | 16-176 | Date of Submission: 21st Nov, 2012 Letter of Transmittal | 21st November, 2012 Tazrina Farah Lecturer Department of Finance University of Dhaka Dear Madam Here is a report on the “New business Idea”. In this report we have presented the whole Market and Demand analysis of our new business of bamboo furniture named ‘Oitijjho- the heritage of Bangladesh ’ . At University of Dhaka, we appreciate having this assignment. If you need any assistance in interpreting this report or if you have any query, please contact with us on the given mail address starz@yahoo.com Sincerely yours, KAzi Umme Sumaiya On behalf of the group 3rd Year 6th Semester B.B.A 16th Batch Department of Finance. Table of Contents | Sl no. | Contents | Page no. | 1. | Executive Summary | | 2. | Business Idea | | | 2.1 | Firm & Promoters | | | 2.2 | Why to behave entrepreneurially | | 3. | Industry & Competitive Analysis | | | 3.1 | Introduction to overall furniture industry of Bangladesh | | | 3.2 | Bamboo in general | | | 3.3 | Environmental...
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...CBM Course Outline For Session 2012 - 13 ------------------------------------------------- Batch: PGDM 2011 - 13 Term: IV ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course: Commercial Bank Management (CBM) Credits: 3 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course Instructor: Prof. D N Panigrahi Objectives of the course: The course inputs are designed to accomplish the following objectives. * To help students to understand the role and functions of Commercial Banks, main strategic issues in retail and corporate banking and the risks faced by the Banking Industry in India. * To familiarise the students with the new Banking Practices and Processes including new banking technologies. * To familiarise the students with the legal and regulatory framework for banks in India. * To equip the students with the tools and techniques used in interpreting and evaluating the performance, profitability, productivity, and efficiency of the Commercial Banks. * To equip the students with the in-depth knowledge of Bank Financial Management Process including Treasury, Investment, Asset Liability Management & Risk Management. * To equip the students with the in-depth knowledge and skills in Credit Analysis & Appraisal Processes relating to the banks’ lending decisions like Working Capital Financing, Term Loan &...
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...About Tata Nano ➢ The Tata Nano, one of the most ambitious projects of Tata Motors, started in 2003. ➢ It was envisioned by the Tata Group chairman, Ratan Tata himself. ➢ Ratan Tata announced this project at the Auto Expo 2006 in New Delhi. ➢ Tata Nano was launched in January 2008 at the Auto Expo New Delhi. ➢ In Geneva 2008, the Nano made its first overseas premiere. ➢ On March 23, 2009, Tata started production of the Nano from makeshift assembly line at Pantnagar and launched a car in three variants priced between Rs. 123,000 and Rs. 175,000 The Downfall Saga ➢ Tata witnessed a sequential fall in 2010, lowest in November Nano sales was 509 units ➢ Issues like production delays, multiple fire accidents, increasing prices of car, difficulty in getting loan from bank and the stigma attached to buying a cheap car was cited as cause for sales drop. ➢ A car in India was supposed to be a valuable product and Nano being termed as cheap car was not being accepted by middle class. What do they do ? They produce very low cost cars to the indian market. Making cars available to a costumer segment that could previously not afford cars. External Analysis Customer Analysis in the Budget Car Segment Customer Segment |Segment |User Intention | | | |Entry-Compact Car |Lower price, small |47% | Tata Nano, Maruti Alto, Ford...
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...Salvador P. Aque | President | Ms. Verna O. Cruz | Senior Vice President - Finance & Admin | Ms.Maribeth S. Salceda | Vice President - Public Sector Business Unit | Mr. Kar Wai Wong | Assistant Vice President - Financial Services Business Unit | Mr. Jon Mikel C. Antunez | Assistant Vice President - Finance | C. Organizational Chart D. Company Vision – Mission Vision To be the consulting partner of choice by providing trustworthy, innovative and best-fit solutions for both the public and private sectors, developing customer-centric, competent and empowered professionals committed to delivering total customer experience. Mission Helping Customers Succeed. E. Objectives and Strategies TIM faces the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead with better...
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...use of alcohol, glycerine, sugar, salt, dessication, anhydrous systems and temperature are amongst examples considered. The definitions of the many words used to describe the act of preservation are considered, and the confusion that results from the presence of the many synonyms is considered. e.g. antimicrobial, antibiotic, antiseptic, bactericidal, etc. Specific organisms are identified as being of particular interest, especially those standard organisms that form part of the B.P. challenge test. These include Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Staphylococcus aureus. A cross-section of plants mentioned in the literature as being specifically targeted at these organisms are considered. The paper concludes with Appendices of plant materials that have mention in the literature according to specific definitions, which may give researchers a potential introduction to future research. KEY WORDS Natural preservation, traditional preservation, challenge test organisms, legal status. INTRODUCTION The subject of natural preservatives is one that probably has more academic interest than practical or economic virtue. However, it does have a wonderful marketing angle which may justify the higher raw material costs. The paper first reviews the most commonly used methods of preservation that are already available to the formulator. The food and beverage...
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...A Comparative Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Three Solvency Management Models By Enyi, Patrick Enyi Ph.D, MBA, B.Sc, ACA, ACCA, MFP, RFS. Fellow, American Academy of Financial Management (AAFM) Member, American Accounting Association (AAA) Head, Department of Accounting, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria A Comparative Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Three Solvency Management Models Abstract The introduction of the Altman’s Z-score model in 1983 and much recently the Enyi’s Relative Solvency Ratio model in 2005 has divergently provided financial analysts with alternative methods of analyzing corporate solvency which hitherto was exclusively done using the traditional historical record based ratio analysis, with particular reference to the current ratio. To test the relevance and effectiveness of the three models, real life performance data were extracted from the annual reports of 7 quoted companies, analyzed using the three models and the results compared to show the strengths and weaknesses of each. The result revealed that the current ratio and the Z-score models suffer from many limitations including imprecision while the Relative Solvency Ratio combines the capability of an effective indicator with the precision required of a true predictor. Keywords: Solvency, Liquidity, Ratio Analysis, Bankruptcy, Performance, Relative Solvency, Working Capital, Current Ratio, Current Assets, Balance Sheet 1. Introduction It is a proven fact over and throughout...
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...STUDENT MARKETING PLAN FOR “All Natural Shampoo” Table of Contents: 1. Background * Executive Summary * Company Description 2. Strategic Focus and Plan * Mission/Vision * Goals * Competitive advantage 3. Situation Analysis * SWOT Analysis * Industry Analysis * Competitor Analysis * Company Analysis * Customer Analysis 4. Market – Product Focus * Marketing and Product Objectives * Target Markets * Points of Difference * Positioning 5. Marketing Program * Product Strategy * Price Strategy * Promotions Strategy * Place Strategy 6. Financial Data and Projection * Break- Even Analysis 7. Organization 8. Implementation Plan 9. Evaluation 10. Appendices 1. Background Executive Summary/Company Description In 2009 the personal care industry is evolving at its highest rate. In fact, today’s societies put emphasis on their appearances which, more now than ever, represents a strong judgmental basis. Within this industry is a market that occupies a strong place: the hair care market. Just as consumers worry about their skin, they also worry about their hair. In brief, this particular market consists of shampoo, conditioners and styling agents. The largest subsector within hair care is shampoo, which is also experiencing a sector growth since 2003. Under such circumstances, the present marketing plan will focus particularly on All-natural Shampoo. It...
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...For comments: ehabmes@yahoo.com Chapter 2: Competitiveness, Strategy, and Productivity Definitions: Competitiveness: How effectively the organization meets the needs of the customers relative to others that offer similar goods or services. Strategy: Plans to achieve organization goals. Productivity: Measure of effective use of resources, usually expressed as the ratio of outputs to inputs. Productivity =Output / Input Competitiveness: Organizations compete with each other in various ways including: 1. Price: amount customer must pay for the product or service. If all other factors are equal customers will choose lowest price. 2. Quality: Material, workmanship and design. Quality is related to buyer’s perception. 3. Service: like after-sale such as delivery, setup, warranty, technical support etc. 4. Differentiation: any special feature (design, cost, quality, ease of use, etc) that cause a product or service to be perceived by the buyer as more suitable than competitor’s. 5. Flexibility: the ability to respond to changes. 6. Time: like, how quickly product is delivered, how quickly product is developed, and rate of product improvement. 7. Managers and workers: people are the heart and soul of an organization. Their skills can be a competitive edge. Skills example is answering the phone: persons handling calls should be helpful, cheerful, prompt. Global 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. competition criteria: Changing in nature. Quality, service and prices competition. Continued growth...
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...OPERATION PROCESS | Date of Submission: 1st August, 2015 OPERATION PROCESS | OPERATION MANAGEMENT | OPN - 501 Submitted to: Mr. Mosaddeq Khan Assistant Professor BRAC Business School BRAC University Submitted by: Richard Anick Gomes ID NO: 14164020 Operations Management (OPN-501) Section: 02 Date of Submission: 1st August, 2015 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 1st August, 2015 Mosaddeq Khan Assistant Professor, BRAC Business School BRAC University Subject: Submission of the Term Paper. Dear Sir, It is my great pleasure to submit you the term paper on Operation Management – Production Process. I have truly enjoyed my times to prepare the term paper and I think that this work would help me in my future. This term paper attempts to describe my observations and learning. During the preparation of term paper I made sincere efforts to study and examine relevant data relating for preparing my term paper. I have tried my best to prepare this term paper as comprehensive and informative as possible within the time allowed for us. Due to various constraints, there may be some mistakes for which I beg your apology. I hope that the term paper would be meeting your expectations and standards. Your kind consideration and cooperation will be highly appreciated. Sincerely, ..................................... Richard Anick Gomes ID NO: 14164020 Master of Business Administration BRAC Business School BRAC University ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am grateful...
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...Workbook for NISM-Series-VIII: Equity Derivatives Certification Examination National Institute of Securities Markets www.nism.ac.in 1 This workbook has been developed to assist candidates in preparing for the National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) NISM-Series-VIII: Equity Derivatives Certification Examination (NISM-Series-VIII: ED Examination). Workbook Version: September 2012 Published by: National Institute of Securities Markets © National Institute of Securities Markets, 2012 Plot 82, Sector 17, Vashi Navi Mumbai – 400 703, India All rights reserved. Reproduction of this publication in any form without prior permission of the publishers is strictly prohibited. 2 Disclaimer The contents of this publication do not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by the National Institute of Securities Market (NISM) or the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). This publication is meant for general reading and educational purpose only. It is not meant to serve as guide for investment. The views and opinions and statements of authors or publishers expressed herein do not constitute a personal recommendation or suggestion for any specific need of an Individual. It shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. The statements/explanations/concepts are of general nature and may not have taken into account the particular objective/ move/ aim/ need/ circumstances of individual user/ reader/ organization/...
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