...General Tunner revolutionized air mobility and would lay the groundwork for airlift operations and the airlift doctrine. 2. General Tunner’s first step into making air mobility a strength of the Air Force came during the airlift operation in China or what many pilots called “The Hump”. The need for an airlift started when Japan had gained power and control throughout China during the early parts of World War II and blockaded all the roads. The only area left now to transport goods would be by air through the Himalayan Mountains. The United States took on this mission of supplying the Chinese to help defeat the Japanese and under the leadership of General Tunner success came after the first couple years. 3. Later that decade, a problem would arise in the city of Berlin, Germany. At the beginning of the Cold War, the Soviet Union would cut off West Berlin from all supply lines in order to send the city into starvation. The United States saw this potential takeover and feared the spread of communism into Berlin. Many people felt that supplying the city would be quite impossible. Seeing that General Tunner basically created the doctrine for airlifts, he would soon take control and apply the same techniques and ideas from “The Hump” to the “Berlin Airlift”. The success of how General Tunner ran the “Berlin Airlift” made the land blockade pointless and would result in the Soviets lifting the blockade. 4. Before General Tunner came around, air mobility had never...
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...Commemorating the Berlin Airlift Events to mark the 60th anniversary of the end of the Berlin Airlift, and the outstanding contribution of UK Armed Forces throughout the campaign began yesterday (12 May) in Berlin. At the start of the Berlin Blockade, before the Airlift started, West Berlin had just thirty-five days’ worth of food, and forty-five days’ worth of coal. Without the involvement of the Allied Armed Forces, West Berlin would have been lost and the nature of post-war Europe would have altered significantly. British aircraft flew spent more than 210,000 hours in the air, the equivalent of 24 man years, and flew more than 30 million miles, which equates to flying to the moon and back 63 times. During the Airlift, British military and civilian aircraft lifted more than 540,000 tons. This included food, coal, liquid fuel, military equipment and other items, such as metal girders to rebuild the bridges in the city destroyed during the Second World War. The airlift sustained the population of West Berlin, at that time estimated to be around two million. Their daily requirement for food alone was 900 tons of potatoes; 641 tons of flour; 106 tons of meat and fish, 105 tons of cereals and so on, amounting altogether to some 1,800 to 2,000 tons of food alone every day. Nearly 45 per cent of the food and supplies taken in to Berlin were flown in British aircraft. Alongside the population of Berlin, there were also many Servicemen and women with their families stationed...
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...Dr. Burrows History 112 26 November 2012 Berlin Airlift Photograph Analysis There is a popular saying that “a picture is worth a thousand words”, an expression simply meaning that photographs have the ability to help tell a story. For instance, there is the famous kiss photo taken in Times Square after Japan’s surrender on August 15, 1945. The picture has become an American symbol that portrays the victory and patriotism felt by Americans on that great day. Likewise, an image of an American plane flying over the city of Berlin, Germany in 1948 has its own significance in our world’s history. This particular photograph is in black and white and shows a crowd of Berlin citizens looking up at a low-flying plane. It is not necessarily exceptional from an artistic standpoint, for the quality is not remarkable and without knowledge of the circumstance of those photographed, the picture could easily be overlooked. Looking closely, only children appear in the picture with the exception of one older man, who is the only person with his face in view of the camera’s shot. The presence of a large crowd indicates anxiousness for the arrival of this plane, which happens to be carrying a load of supplies for the people. The photo was captured from the bottom of the hill that the children are standing on, thus separating the photographer from the event. The scene does not look posed, especially because there are some children walking through the frame. It appears that the photographer...
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...have in the US. Our goal was to make it so that everyone’s political and economic systems were that. We were going up against communism and trying to stop it from spreading. But how would we do it? That’s when George Kennan, a US foreign service agent suggested the policy of containment. What was containment and what did it look like in action? Containment was what we were going to use to stop the flow of communism. The Berlin Airlift, Korean War, and Cuban Missile Crisis are what I will be using to define containment and what it does. Let’s start with the Berlin Airlift, that is one example of containment. From June 1948 to May 1949 Joseph Stalin blockaded all of the routes and tunnels on land that let people in and out of West Berlin. Even with the blockade the US, England, and France found a way to break the blockade by using an airlift to send supplies into West Berlin for almost a year. They ended up sending in 270,000 planeloads of item the were anything from food to coal. The airlift was a pretty good example of containment. It kept Western Berlin free from communism and and also prevented communism and the Soviet power from expanding....
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...their three western sections of the country and West Berlin into one economic and executive unit, while Russia controlled the eastern part of Germany and East Berlin (Berlin Crisis). However, in 1948, tensions were rising as to who would gain control over the capital; the democratic western powers or the communist Soviets. The Soviet Union took offense to the Allied creation of a new German state with its own currency, the Deutschmark, and viewed this as an act of defiance against them (Office). They feared that new currency would devalue their...
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...Impact of the Berlin Blockade Crisis on the Emergence of the Cold War Assess the impact of the Berlin blockade crisis on the emergence of the Cold War The Berlin blockade crisis (BBC) of 1948 was when the Soviet Union (SU) blocked all railway, road and canal access to sectors of Berlin (Department of Politics, 2013). After World War Two (WWII), Germany was split into four sectors. The SU had control of East Germany whilst France, Britain and the United States (US) shared control of West Germany. Berlin which was also divided among the same four states was located in the heart of the Soviet sector of Germany (International Relations: Pols 104 Tutorial Course Book, 2013). It is evident that the BBC had an enormous impact on the emergence of the Cold War (CW). It is often defined as the first battle and trigger of the CW. One reason as to why it had such an impact is the significance of Berlin and the European economy. Also, the BBC accelerated the emergence of the CW due to the situation it left both the SU and Western parties in. Finally, the BBC confirmed that a policy of ‘containment’ was needed towards the SU from the US, which increased tensions between the parties. The BBC resulted in as escalation of mistrust and suspicion between what was once known as the ‘Grand Alliance’ (Berlin Blockade, 2013). However, the BBC signified the end of any cooperation that still existed. It is therefore evident that the impact of the BBC on the emergence of the CW was immense...
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...The Cold War was fought over four decades, 1940 to 1980. During each decade many significant events happened that made America and Russia what they are today. The Cold War was actually a result of political and military tensions between the two countries, that didn’t really involved direct fighting of the two. From 1948 to 1949, there was the “Berlin Blockade”, which raised tensions between the two as well. The Berlin Blockade was an attempt by the Soviet Union to limit France, Great Britain, and the United States from traveling to their sector in Berlin. Stalin believed that West Berlin couldn’t be supplied by air and put a traffic ban on all grounds trying to starve the allies out of the city, for good. President Truman, along with France and Great Britain became known for the Berlin airlift. This flew about 13,000 ton of supplies daily into the Western part of Berlin, for 324 days (almost one year). The airlift was so successful that it forced the Soviets to call off the blockade in 1949. Russia was clearly the blame for this event happening that , which fueled the Cold War even more....
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...Berlin Airlift (German: Berliner Luftbrücke) is the name of the operation of the Western allies on supplying West Berlin with food during the siege of the city by the USSR. The Berlin Airlift lasted from 23 June 1948 to 12 May 1949. Formally in the end of June 1948 the USSR and the USA were allies, Hitler's winners in the recent war. In fact they had already become the enemies. It was then when the debut Cold War crisis, the first open confrontation between East and West, happened. In general, as a result of the victory over fascism in the World War II in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe a new political situation has been shaping. The liberation of these countries was accompanied by the restoration of independence or the change of the political...
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...Berlin came to be a source of world tension due to post-war settlement. Germany had been separated into four zones of occupation, each controlled by one of the allies. The United States of America, Britain and France had controlled the Western part of Germany and the USSR controlled the Eastern part. It had developed into one of the most serious conflicts of the Cold war. In source A, which is a map of divided Germany, it shows the only three permitted air corridors to Berlin. These corridors were managed aviation routes. For the Western allies between, West Berlin and West Germany, these airway corridors were used for civil and military air traffic. The blockade happened because maybe a reunited and rebuilt Germany could be enough to threaten and some day attack the Soviet Union. This is what the USSR feared. After everything that had happened to Germany, Russia wanted Germany to remain weak and divided. On June 1948, the Soviet government put up a blockade around Berlin. This was one of the major events that had occurred, which stopped food, fuel, materials and supplies from arriving in to West Berlin. Due to this problem which needed help immediately, the USA and Britain started the Berlin airlift. The Berlin airlift supplied West Berlin with essential supplies such as food staples, medicine, fuel and other necessities. For almost a year, planes from the USA and Britain, following these three air corridors were supplying day in day out....
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...policy was the expansion of not only the country itself but also communism. With major disapproval of communism, the US made a policy of containment which prevented the Soviet Union and Soviet communism from spreading. Thus marking the beginning of the Cold War, which will last from 1947-1991. The US contained communism using these three strategic examples: the Berlin Airlift, the Korean War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. One good example of US containment was the Berlin Airlift because of its illustration of US support against communism. With the Soviet Union’s need for expansion, Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet Union to blockade West Berlin on June 27, 1948, expecting to weaken the territory and ultimately making it communist (Document B). However, the US containment policy prevented West Berlin from complying to communism by flying in supplies such as: food, clothes, and coal for nearly a year (Document B). The Berlin Airlift is a good example of containment because it illustrates the US devotion of helping “free countries” at all costs to avoid the spread of communism. The Berlin Airlift not only prevented West Berlin from becoming communist but also helped create the Truman Doctrine, which exemplifies that the US would support “free peoples” from the threat of communism (Background Essay). Which greatly showed how anti-communist the US was. Another good example of US containment was the Korean War because of its use of military force. After World War 2, Korea was split...
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...The Cold War was a period starting in around 1946, consisting of political and military tension and economic competition. The Cold War was ‘fought’ between the Communist Soviet Union, and the Capitalist West, mainly the United States. As opposed to a hot war, wherein two nations or faction conflict in an armed battle, in a Cold War, the major military forces never engage in physical warfare with each other. Instead, the conflict is expressed via military occupations of various nations, propaganda, strategic conventional force deployments, for example the Berlin Airlift, and providing aid to vulnerable nations, like the Marshal and Molotov Plans. The two superpowers also competed against each other in terms of technological and military advancements; the Space Race and Arms Races respectively. The main reason for this tension was the opposing systems of government and their ideologies, with each seeing a threat in the other. Though the two nations acted as allies in the war against Nazi Germany, their conflicting beliefs and ideologies soon left them as enemies. The Soviet Union soon occupied Eastern Europe, while the Western Allies occupied West Europe. Unsurprisingly, tension began to rise. The US’ Marshall Plan was put into effect to provide financial aid in the rebuilding of nations ravaged by the war in Europe. However, the Soviets denied their nations they occupied to participate. The USSR also funded and aided in communist revolutions in countries occupied by the West...
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...their ideology Communism. The United States would respond with a policy called the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan would give financial relief to these countries in poor conditions. The hope was these countries would see the generosity of democracy was better than the “Hollow” Communism. They hoped it would also show their economic power of the United Sates. Eventually the plan would give military assistance to these countries like Greece and Italy. One of the final combatants to Communism was the Berlin Airlift. This was the result of a blockade ordered by Russia to block American and British ground vehicles. Truman decided that they showed Airlift the supplies into Berlin. According to Lark Bucket, “US planes landed every three minutes during the ensuing Berlin Airlift, with more than 1,000 daily flights carrying 2,500 tons of fuel and supplies to the isolated residents of Western Berlin for nearly an entire year. America’s ability to simply fly over the Soviet blockade to provide humanitarian aid made Stalin appear both malicious and feeble” ("Chapter 9 the Cold War at Home and Abroad, 1945–1953"). This showed the massive Airforce and strength it had. It also sent messages to other neutral countries their strength. Communism was used to make Americans fear and control them. This was called the “Red Scare” and caused panic in American citizens. These were caused by actions taken by the Russians internationally. For example, when the Russians successfully teste a Nuclear...
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...By the end of World War Two, Britain as the European victor of the war was looking towards not only rebuilding their own economy and society but also to taking a larger role in leading the rebuilding of a powerful Western Europe. Britain wanted to be treated as an equal by their victorious partners after WWII, the US and USSR, and the British leaders believed this could be accomplished by the creation of a unified Western bloc in Europe. From 1945 until 1957 with the signing of the Treaty of Rome, Britain was successful in leading Western Europe through leadership in post war reconstruction, economic arrangements, security, and atomic weapons. Britain’s commitment to being a world power as well as their widespread influence overseas also helped the British to maintain a leadership role in Western Europe despite French ideas of British Americanization. Overall, despite occasional moments of weakness, Britain was essentially the driver of the “European bus” from 1945 until 1957 when the British decided they no longer wanted to be on board the European bus. World War II devastated Western Europe both physically and economically but provided an opportunity for Britain to take a leading role in the reconstruction process. Reconstruction became the immediate concern for Britain and their Western European neighbors. Britain’s leading role in Western Europe was sparked by their success in post war reconstruction beginning with their role in the Marshall Plan funding by the...
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...The Cold War Overview * Arms Race * Communism * Glossary and Terms * Space RaceMajor Events * Berlin Airlift * Suez Crisis * Red Scare * Berlin Wall * Bay of Pigs * Cuban Missile Crisis * Collapse of the Soviet UnionWars * Korean War * Vietnam War * Chinese Civil War * Yom Kippur War * Soviet Afghanistan War | People of the Cold War Western Leaders * Harry Truman (US) * Dwight Eisenhower (US) * John F. Kennedy (US) * Lyndon B. Johnson (US) * Richard Nixon (US) * Ronald Reagan (US) * Margaret Thatcher (UK)Communist Leaders * Joseph Stalin (USSR) * Leonid Brezhnev (USSR) * Mikhail Gorbachev (USSR) * Mao Zedong (China) * Fidel Castro (Cuba) | http://www.ducksters.com/history/cold_war/summary.php The Cold War Communism Communism is a type of government and philosophy. Its goal is to form a society where everything is shared equally. All people are treated equally and there is little private ownership. In a communist government, the government owns and controls most everything including property, means of production, education, transportation, and agriculture. History of Communism Karl Marx is considered the Father of Communism. Marx was a German philosopher and economist who wrote about his ideas in a book called the Communist Manifesto in 1848. His communist theories have also become known as Marxism. Marx described ten important aspects of a communist government: * No private property * A single central bank...
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...After WWII instead of ceding the territory he had captured, he claimed the territory as part of the Soviet empire. The Communist Party took over their governments and cut off all communications with the West, turning them into Soviet satellites. In response to these actions the U.S. issued the Truman contract, which states that the U.S. pledged to help nations at risk of being captured by Communists, mainly enacted to thwart Stalin from Greece and Turkey. Stalin then focused on capturing Berlin; he already had possession of East Germany. He blockaded the city in hopes that the Allies would abandon their sectors of Berlin. U.S., ever resourceful, organized a nearly year-long airlift that flew in massive amounts of supplies to West Berlin, which made the blockade ineffective. Stalin also attempted to spread communism to...
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