...Kate Mozzochi Mrs. Neumann Honors World History December 20, 2013 Middle Ages Classification The Middle Ages were a time of massive change for all of Europe. The time period started off with the overthrow of the Roman Empire and creation of feudalism. Although the time period has been called the Dark Ages, faith and advances in arts and construction created positive changes to earn the era the name the Golden Ages. The Middle Ages lasted from AD 500 to 1400 and were a time of hardships, growth, faith, and feudalism. Due to the hardships that led to the name the Dark Ages, positive faith and advances resulted. Although the Middle Ages have been known as various names, the labels the Age of Faith, Age of Feudalism, and the Golden Ages best describe the time period. The Age of Faith can be used as a label for the Middle Ages because during the era, Church had a vast influence over the people of Europe. The Church attempted to create a peaceful environment through enforcing the Truce of God. The Truce of God allowed people to handle and carry weapons but not use them to injure anyone during certain days of the year. The Truce of God called for, "every Sunday, Friday, and Saturday, and on fast days of the four seasons... this decree of peace shall be observed... so that no injury shall be done in any way to any one" (Document 5). The Church had so much influence that it controlled when people fought and banned fighting on weekends, feasts, and fasts. The Church also thought...
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...Middle Ages DBQ Historical Context The Middle Ages in Europe, a period of time from approximately 500 ce to 1400, have been referred to by a variety of terms: the Age of Faith, the Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, and even a Golden Age. The medieval era began with the destruction of the Roman Empire and the disorder that followed, which led to the rise of feudalism. During this period of darkness, the Roman Catholic Church provided spiritual direction as well as many nonreligious functions for the people of the time. Many literary, artistic, and architectural advances occurred. Instructions: Soapstone each document, then based on your own knowledge and on the information found in the documents, formulate a thesis that directly answers the question. Organize the information into a brief outline. Write a well-organized essay proving your thesis. The essay should be logically presented and should include information both from the documents and from your own knowledge outside of the documents. Do not type, all work will be neatly hand written. Remember, others must be able to read it. Question: Which labels for the Middle Ages best describe the era between 500 and 1400 in Europe, The Dark Ages, the Age of Feudalism, the Age of Faith, or the Golden Age of Europe? You must discuss three labels. Document 1 In The Middle Ages, historian Frantz Funck-Brentano made use of previously published texts to describe Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries (Heinemann...
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...factors which can effect students achievement. This can be linked to the difference in social classes of students which will have an adverse effect on their achievement, partly due to different school processes which can put certain students at a disadvantage. Labelling is attaching a meaning or definition to a specific person or group. Teachers can label students negatively due to their social class. If the student is labelled in a negative manor such as being a trouble maker or thick the student can react to this label. Consequently a self-fulfilling prophesy can occur, this is when a student takes the label they are given and continue to show this characteristic. For example is a student is labelled as a trouble maker then the student can start to believe that they actually are a trouble maker and therefore continue to act in this manner. Howard Becker carried out an interactionist study of labelling. He found that from the 60 teachers he asked most of them judged pupils on how closely they fitted an image of the ‘ideal pupil’. The students work, conduct and appearance all effected this judgement, the teachers saw students from middle class backgrounds as the closest to the ‘ideal pupils’. Cicourel and Kitsuse studies educational counsellors in America and found that although they stated they judged students of ability in practice they judged them on social class and/or race. This proves that students of a lower social class have less chance of getting into a high standard secondary...
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...Mars Inc. 1 - COMPANY BACKGROUND Mars, Incorporated (Mars or “the company”) is a privately-held company, primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of confectionary products, pet food products, drinks and staple foods. The company operates in about 68 countries worldwide. It is headquartered in McLean, Virginia and employs about 65,000 people. The company's net sales are estimated to be around $30,000 million. Mars is a private company and has not released its annual report. Therefore, its financial details are not available. Mars produces and distributes branded snack foods, main meal foods, drinks and pet care products. It also makes drink vending equipment and electronic automated payment systems. The company operates more than 130 factories, in about 75 countries worldwide. The company operates through six business segments: chocolate; petcare; Wrigley gum and confections; food; drinks; and symbioscience. The company's chocolate segment operates under brand names such as M&M's, Snickers, Dove, Galaxy, Mars, Milky Way and Twix. The major brands under the petcare segment include Pedigree, Whiskas, Sheba, Cesar and Royal Canin. In the Wrigley gum and confections segment, the company owns Extra, Orbit, Doublemint, Skittles, Starburst and Altoids. The company operates its food segment under the Uncle Ben's, Dolmio, Seeds of Change, Ebly and Masterfoods brand names. Its drinks segment includes Klix and Flavia brands. Furthermore, the company's symbioscience segment owns...
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...Many kids grow up in a single parent home, “1 in 3 children in the U.S. live without their father” (NYE). When you grow up without one of the two parent roles, you get labels put on you as the daddy-less daughter, the girl with daddy issues, or the one with abandonment issues, the list could go on and on. In the article “The Saints and the Roughnecks” by William Chambliss from the book “Readings for Sociology”, the group of boys throughout the article get treated differently for growing up in different life styles. The Saints were from the middle class they were the students that had expensive cars, dressed nice and averaged A’s and B’s in school (244) As for the Roughnecks, they were a part of the "poor class" who were perceived as the trouble makers,...
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...description of your company’s plant operations? a. Standard and superior materials are sourced from outside suppliers at prices that vary according to global demand-supply conditions b. All private-label footwear is outsourced from contract manufacturers in Latin America and the Asia-Pacific at prices equal to $8 per pair c. Best practices training and TQM/Six Sigma are used to enhance the S/Q ratings of the footwear that is produced and to also reduce reject rates d. Plants can produce 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350, or 500 branded models/styles e. The company compensates production workers on the basis of both base pay and incentive payments per non-defective pair produced 2. The interest rate a company pays on loans outstanding depends on f. How many times it has borrowed money in the past five years and whether any amounts borrowed have been repaid g. Its market share and how many consecutive eyars the company has been profitable h. Its current ratio, the amount of cash on hand to make interest payments, and the average annual amount of free cash flow for the past five years i. Its current ratio, free cash flow, and prior-year interest-coverage ratio j. Its credit rating 3. Which of the following best describes the materials the company uses to make its footwear? k. Natural and synthetic materials l. Normal-wear and long-wear materials m. Standard and superior materials n. Waterproof...
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...of contents • Executive Summary……………………………………..………………………………………08 Section I • Introduction to Private Labels………………………………………………………………09 • Background: Evolution and Emergence of Private Label………..…………….11 • Review of Literature…………………………………………………………………………….13 Section II • Research Methodology………………………………………………………………………..18 i. Objectives of Research……………………………………………………………….18 ii. Research Problem……………………………………………………….…………….18 iii. Research Question……………………………………………………….……………19 iv. Research Hypothesis………………………………………………………………….19 v. Research Method………………………………………………………………………20 vi. Limitations…………………………………………………………………………………20 Section III • Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………….21 i. Demographics……………………………………………………………………………21 ii. Awareness………………………………………………………………………….……..23 iii. Importance of Factors influencing Purchase………………………………25 iv. Consumer Attitude……………………………………………………………….……27 • Private Label Vs National Brand: Brand Strategy………………………………….36 • Findings of Research………………………………………………………………………..….40 Section VI • Implications for Retailers……………………………………………………………………..41 • Suggestions ………………………………………………………………………………………...42 • Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………43 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………..44 Appendix: Questionnaire……………………………………………………………………………….46 Contents of tables 1. Determinants of Success of Private Labels……………………………………………16 2. Descriptive Statistics 1…………………………………………………………………………26 3. Descriptive Statistics...
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...Lipton Yellow Label Tea Lipton was created by Sir Thomas Lipton at the end of 19th century. Under the slogan “direct from the tea gardens to the tea pot,” the Lipton business was acquired by consumer goods company Unilever in a number of separate transactions, starting with the purchase of the US and d Canadian Lipton business in 1938 and completed in 1972 when Unilever bought the reminder of the global Lipton business. Lipton is one of the world’s greatest refreshment brands. It’s the world’s best-selling tea brand, has been established for more than 100 years, and is available in more than 100 countries. Sir Thomas Lipton Did you know that globally? * 1649 cups of Lipton Tea are enjoyed every second. * 8245 cups of Lipton Tea are enjoyed every time you blink. * 1252 cups of Lipton Tea are drunk every time your heart beats. * 52 billion cups of Lipton Tea are drunk each year Some facts related to tea (drink to your health): * Drinking four cups of tea is rehydrating, NOT dehydrating as is often said - unless the amount of tea consumed at one sitting contains more than 250mg of caffeine – that's the same as five cups of tea. * Tea without milk and sugar has no calories. * In hot weather, tea refreshes you by raising your body temperature and momentarily causing perspiration, which cools the skin. Vision: To provide the best quality tea has made Lipton the number one tea in the world today. Lipton offers an option to tea lovers to enjoy...
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...meaning in a certain way, while the reader decoder – ‘ decodes ‘ it differently according to his/her personal background, beliefs and values. * Interactionists Labelling Theory = ‘ Interactionism ‘ is a sociological perspective that focuses on a small-scale interactions between individuals and groups. And ‘ Labelling Theory ‘ is the theory of how the self-identity – ( what someone thinks of themselves. E.g what they are, who they are e.t.c ) and behaviour of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. As we are talking about ‘ Interactionists Labelling Theory ‘ meaning that the only relevant meaning in this case, is the small group interactions and how they interact together and how the label themselves and the people in their small groups, also, what their beliefs and values are. * A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy = Is a prediction that comes true simply by a virtue ( behaviour showing high moral standards ) of it having been made. Interactionists argue that labelling can affect pupils’...
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...farmer extends his worn hand and pulls out a ripe onion. A smile spreads across his face as he imagines the journey of this vegetable, from his field to a factory, then to a middle-age woman’s hips. Each year, one ton of food enters the bodies of Americans, according to a 2011 survey (“Americans Are Obsessed”). Taking advantage of the amount of food Americans consume, food companies are offering “natural” and “organic” alternatives, but these alternatives are not as good as they sound. Alexia, one of the newest “all-natural” companies, sprouted up and has been causing damage since early 2015. But little to the Americans’ knowledge, Alexia is abusing the power of advertising to sell products that...
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...apparel has become more varied today by surge of designer brands, brand stores, store brands, customization, promotions, fashion events, etc. The purpose of this study is to understand the Indian buying behavior with respect to designer apparel like clothing, jackets, ties and many others. It was found that with rise in the disposable income people were shifting towards buying designer labels. Presently 1/6th of world population uses desiner apparels. The apparels were brought for varied purposes such as party wear, casual wear, and special occasion wear. There was awareness of both national and international brands like Prada, Gucci, Armani, Ritu Kumar, Tarun Tehalani, Manish Malhotra and others. Consumers across both sexes, both young and old were buying designer wear though only in urban areas amongst educated and middle to high income groups. The apparel industry is greatly influenced by the ever changing consumer demand and preferences. National and international trends keep changing every season, every year. Indian consumers are increasingly becoming aware about the designer labels. Higher disposable income, credit facilities, e commerce, mobile wallets are all helping in making spur of moment decisions and facilitate buying. This is a study of the circumstances leading to, influencing factors, steps involved, time taken, marketing implications and other factors involved in the purchase of designer apparels. 2. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 1. To study the circumstances...
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...Jacqueline Supman Merchandise Strategies Case Study: Macy’s Private Label Macy’s current hodgepodge of brands, products and spokespeople is no coincidence. The backbone of the retail giant has always been bringing together the best selection of goods and services through partnerships and collaborations, starting in 1929 with Fred Lazarus, the puppeteer behind F&R Lazarus and the John Shillito Company (which was the oldest department store at the time). Fred famously arranged a meeting with Walter Rothschild (of Brooklyn-based Abraham & Straus), Louis Kirstein (of Filene’s) and Samuel Bloomingdale (head of namesake company Manhattan's Bloomingdale's) and decided to merge their stores into one. Rothschild, and Kirstein quickly agreed on the spot, and Bloomingdale joined the next year. 1 The company’s headquarter location was set up in Cincinnati in 1945 and over the next thirty years additional locations popped up in major cities across the U.S. The Federated company continued to purchase department stores over time, but it was not until the 90’s that the company bought 50% of the existing Macy’s debt, setting the company up for acquisition within the next two years. The first Macy’s store opened in Manhattan in 1858 by a gentleman named Rowland Macy. Forty years later after the death of Rowland, Macy’s was bought by the Strauses, who expanded the retail empire across the U.S. Unfortunately after taking the company private in the late eighties, the...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Consumers nowadays are becoming more conscious of good health and proper nutrition. They are not only aware of the kind of food they eat but they are also interested to learn about healthier and nutritious diets to help them cope with their lifestyle at the same time, chronic degenerative diseases or “lifestyle diseases” are increasing twenty one out of 100 adults are hypertensive and 4 out every 100 diabetic (FNRI, 2008). Micronutrient deficiencies are still prevalent among Filipino today. The latest survey done by the FNRI in 1998 revealed that 31 out of 100 Filipinos are anemic and 36 out of 100 children have moderate to severe iodine deficiency disorder. With the advent of the new food technology, processed food products are increasing in the markets today. One can regularly see on television, or read in the magazines or newspaper articles about food and health. The increasing urbanization in the Philippines has also resulted in dramatic changes in the lifestyle of the people, which contributes, to the growing consumption of manufactured goods. Cup Noodles for an instant, it is placed in a handy and convenient packaging. This makes it easy to carry and eat during quick breaks at long hours at the office. Indeed, there is an expanding consumer demand for nutritious, convenient and quality foods to promote health and prevent diseases. Government and private organizations strive to provide consumers with the essential nutrients deficient in their...
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...In some cases more than the government. From the following bits of information, it is easy to conclude that in the era between 500 and 1400, the best age to describe Europe would be an Age of Faith, because the church had a huge influence on people’s lives, how the church changed the way people think, and how the church had huge amounts of power. First of all, the church had an extremely strong influence on everyday life in medieval Europe. Some people’s lives were even based off of the...
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...Communication and Icebreaker Exercises Two Truths and a Lie Time Required: 15-30 minutes Start out by having every team member secretly write down two truths about themselves and one lie on a small piece of paper – Do not reveal to anyone what you wrote down! Once each person has completed this step, allow 10-15 minutes for open conversation – much like a cocktail party – where everyone quizzes each other on their three questions. The idea is to convince others that your lie is actually a truth, while on the other hand, you try to guess other people‟s truths/lies by asking them questions. Don‟t reveal your truths or lie to anyone – even if the majority of the office already has it figured out! After the conversational period, gather in a circle and one by one repeat each one of your three statements and have the group vote on which one they think is the lie. You can play this game competitively and award points for each lie you guess or for stumping other players on your own lie. This game helps to encourage better communication in the office, as well as it lets you get to know your coworkers better. The One Question Ice Breaker Exercise Time Required: 15-20 minutes This icebreaker not only gets coworkers talking to each other, but it also gets them working with one another. It‟s quite simple: the leader gets to decide the situation the question will pertain to. Example situations include babysitting, leading the company, or being married. After pairing participants into teams...
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