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Discussion 1

Can goals like avoiding unethical or illegal behavior be in conflict with the goal of the firm? How does this complicate the agency problem?

In order to proper assess this issue, the agency problem must be clearly identified. According to our text, the agency problem is a conflict of interest between stockholders and management. These problems arise because management’s job is to impress stockholders in investing more into the company. This could mean interpreting policy and procedures a bit more loosely to beef up numbers. This was something I experienced first-hand while working at a nationwide insurance company. The sales department is one of the most crucial parts of the company because they are the producers. I worked in this department more than five years. This experience allowed me to see how managers interpreted the rules and regulations in their own unique way. The rules were either firm or allowed to bend depending on the how close we were to our goals. Many instances of bending the policy and procedures could be construed as unethical or illegal behavior not condoned by the company. The stress of meeting daily, weekly, monthly numbers presses managers and employees to push the envelope by making inappropriate decisions. So in the end, it is a means to an end. The fact of the matter is the agency problem occurs more than we think. Whenever numbers have to be met, which is in almost all firms, unethical or illegal behavior will be loosely defined.

Ross, S. A., Westerfield, R. W., Jaffe, J. F., & Jordan, B. D. (2011). Corporate Finance: Core Principles and Applications (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGarw-Hill Irwin.

Discussion 2

The information that is given is as follows:

• raised $15 million and retired $19 million in new long-term debt

• sold $25 million in new stock and repurchased $5.4 million

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