...Bhopal disaster Co o r din at es: 2 3 °1 6 ′ 5 1 ″ N 7 7 °2 4 ′ 3 8 ″ E From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Bhopal dis as te r (commonly referred to as Bhopal gas trage dy) was a gas leak incident in India, considered one of the world's worst industrial catastrophes.[1] It occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of thousands of people. The toxic substance made its way in and around the shantytowns located near the plant.[2] Estimates vary on the death toll. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release.[3] Others estimate 3,000 died within weeks and another 8,000 have since died from gas- related diseases.[4][5] A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.[6] UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC), with Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public holding a 49.1 percent stake. In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9 percent share. Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. The Bhopal plant was later sold to McLeod...
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...Like most fields of study the safety has a history of development. The idea of safety and health as a humanitarian ideal is a relatively new phenomena. As organized civilizations grew and became more sophisticated the size of the labor pool that was necessary to build buildings, goods, and perform services became much larger. Goal of early safety and health activities was to increase the working life span of slaves and indentured servants in an attempt to conserve the limited human resource. It was in the 19th and 20th centuries that the concept of the company obligation to protect the workers really evolved from abuses of workers during the great depression, and the rise of organized labor. Consequently changes in the safety health field are often motivated by great tragedies that focus public attention on risks in the workplace. The Goals of this unit: * Identify the historic trends in industrial safety * Identify events that have impacted industrial safety To complete this unit you must 1. Read the chapter in the book 2. Review the PowerPoint slides 3. Look into the Bhopal accident using the video and searching the Internet to answer the following under the "Assignment tab" for : Session 2: History of Safety. 1. How many died as a result of the accident? 2. What has been the long term effects of the accident on residents 3. Look at the total number of injuries and deaths over for any 2 years on the BLS web site for (Take a look at...
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...Bhopal disaster From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Bhopal memorial for those killed and disabled by the 1984 toxic gas release The Bhopal disaster also known as Bhopal Gas Tragedy was one of the world's worst industrial catastrophes. It occurred on the night of December 2–3, 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of thousands of people. Estimates vary on the death toll. The official immediate death toll was 2,259 and the government of Madhya Pradesh has confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release.[1] Others estimate 3,000 died within weeks and another 8,000 have since died from gas-related diseases.[2][3] A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.[4] UCIL was the Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide Corporation (UCC). Indian Government controlled banks and the Indian public held 49.1 percent ownership share. In 1994, the Supreme Court of India allowed UCC to sell its 50.9 percent share. Union Carbide sold UCIL, the Bhopal plant operator, to Eveready Industries India Limited in 1994. The Bhopal plant was later sold to McLeod Russel (India) Ltd. Dow Chemical Company purchased UCC in 2001. Civil and criminal cases are pending in the United...
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...- DRAFT - International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science and Engineering Case Study Series Bhopal Plant Disaster – Situation Summary by MJ Peterson Revised March 20, 2009 During the night of 2-3 December 1984, a leak of some 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas mixed with unknown other gasses from a chemical plant owned and operated by Union Carbide (India) Limited, a partly-owned subsidiary of the US-based Union Carbide Corporation, caused one of the highest-casualty industrial accidents of the 20th century. At least 2000 people died immediately and another 200,000 to 300,000 suffered respiratory and other injuries of varying severity. Property damage consisted mainly of contamination to nearby areas by various chemical residues. The defoliation of trees immediately afterward is clearly attributable to the gas leak; contamination in the nearby settlements may have multiple sources, the contamination of the plant site resulted from many years of general production activity. India’s Economic Ambitions When India attained independence from Great Britain in 1947, its new political leaders wanted to make the country wealthier by encouraging development of modern industry. It had strong support from the citizens, who generally agreed that India’s current lack of industrialization and economic development were the result of these colonial-era policies. Thus the new government could expect widespread support for any policy that appeared to set the country...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility – Issues and Challenges with reference to Bhopal city. Ms Charu Modi Ms Ankita Rajdev Ms Meenal Pathak Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor JSSGIW – FOM JSSGIW – FOM JSSGIW – FOM 08871312197 09893299224 09989773177 Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility is the term used to define organisation’s commitment to the society and the environment within which it operates. Corporate initiative to assess and take responsibility for the company’s effects on the environment and impact on social welfare. The term generally applies to company efforts that go beyond what may be required by regulators or environmental protection groups. Stakeholders like employees, community, suppliers and shareholders, today are redefining the role of corporate taking into account the corporate’ broader responsibility towards society and environment, beyond economic performance, and are evaluating whether they are conducting their role in an ethical and socially responsible manner. As a result of this shift many forums, institutions and corporate are endorsing the term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In Bhopal companies like BHEL and Crompton and Greaves etc are practicing the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). But still there are many companies that are lacking behind in CSR practices. A lack of understanding, inadequately trained personnel, non availability of authentic data and specific...
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...| | |Bhopal Gas Tragedy | |A review | | | | | | | |Abstract: - Multiple perspectives are particularly appropriate for risk analysis. The Bhopal chemical accident of December 2-3, | |1984, is viewed here using this concept. The preceding paper has described the events surrounding the catastrophic leak | |of methyl isocyanate at the Union Carbide plant; it is considered a technical perspective on the accident. | Risk Analysis Physical hazards have always been a feature of life. In man’s early days there were natural hazards such as earthquakes, weather, and other living organisms (microbes, animals...
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...Union Carbide’s Bhopal Plant (A) Case Analysis 1. How could Union Carbide have prevented the Bhopal accident or reduced its impact? Union Carbide could prevent the Bhopal accident by getting the plant moved or build at least 15 miles away from population center. Also, the plant should have daily, weekly, monthly records of plant operation and maintenance in order to control the quality of the plant. The vital parts of the plant which includes storage tank, monitoring instrumentation, vent gas scrubber, filter should be maintained and upgraded regularly. Education the nearby residents with the safety instruction and information, in order to let them know the best way to protect themselves in case there is any emergency happened. Improve the safety system, and train the plant’s employee will help Union Carbide prevent the Bhopal accident as well. 2. What lessons can other companies learn about managing their stakeholders? A lesson that other companies should learn about managing their stakeholders is to have well organized rick management strategy. Especially when the company manufacturing dangerous substances, those substances as a random bomb to cause potential accident and will ruin your stock price easily. Therefore, the issue of how to ease the concern of public and stakeholders is very crucial. Before the accident happened, the company should respect the EPA regulation and disclose its environment information to have a transparent communication with its...
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...1. Based on my opinion , Union Carbide company was owing its first loyalty and moral responsibility of the financial interests to the local community and its employees rather than its owners. Firstly, Union Carbide are behavior as an egoism under these scenario , which means they are naturally selfish and focusing on their own self-interest as “number one “ without caring about the resident in Bhopal. As a responsible company should always place the safety at the main priority no matter how worst the company’s sales are. Since the pesticide’s sales are going down, the company is trying to cut down the security measures spending to maintain the cost. Egoism contends that an act is morally right if and only if Union Carbide best promotes an organization long-term interests. Besides, set up an industrial chemical factory at the area of surrounded by thousands of residents is not a good ideal. These companies take advantage of some developing countries to obtain greater economic benefits keen to attract foreign investment, emphasis on technology and equipment, ignoring safety and environmental protection. Some countries do not allow the establishment of industry almost transferred to developing countries(Karl E. Weick 2010). Secondly, Kant believed that morality in human life should be grounded in reason. As using his Categorical Imperative we should act only according to maxims that they would be willing to see become universal norms, and people should never be treated as a means...
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...Connie Aiello Student No. 500447896 Professor Terry Roswell SOC103 Environmental Racism and Transnational Corporations “All Americans have a basic right to live, work, play, go to school, and worship in a clean and healthy environment” (Bullard, Dixie xiii). Unfortunately, this is not true for all. Afro-American communities in the South and other visible minorities across the globe, live through the harsh realities of environmental racism every day. (Bullard, Racism 3) In Confronting Environmental Racism, Robert D. Bullard defines environmental racism as: Racial discrimination in environmental policymaking. It is racial discrimination in the enforcement of regulations and laws. It is racial discrimination in the deliberate targeting of communities of color for toxic waste disposal and the sitting of polluting industries. It is racial discrimination in the official sanctioning of the life-threatening presence of poisons and pollutants in communities of color. And, it is racial discrimination in the history of excluding people of color from the mainstream environmental groups, decision-making boards, commissions, and regulatory bodies. (3) Environmental justice on the other hand, is a form of environmental equity. It refers to “the equal protection of environmental laws amongst all people, irrespective of their race or social status. (Peluso 389) With very little influence in decision-making from minority groups, policymakers deliberately target...
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...Question 1 Yes, Union Carbide owed its first loyalty and moral responsibility to the financial interests of its local community and employees who are affected by the gas leak. So, to support my answer, it is helpful to look into the Kant’s moral theory. Act so that you use humanity, as much in your own person as in the person of every other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means [McFarland 2012] First, Union Carbide must not treat the shareholders simply as tools to maximizes their profit; in other words they must recognize a person’s value as a human being. Next, individuals and communities must treat people in ways that respect people’s basic rights. Finally, members of community work together to support and improve the institutions on which will help restore its reputation and reassure people who live near its plants that it is a good neighbour, and in the long run, will help its profits. According to [Brown 2010], these three values are called respect for human dignity. Union Carbide shouldn’t negligent with respect to the safety of people in the plant's environment and not maintaining the security regulation. Besides, Union Carbide disaster at its plant in Bhopal, India, which killed thousands of people and injured several hundred thousand, focused world attention on the chemical industry. According to the ethic of caring approach argue that since we are interdependent upon others for our individual identity and well-being we have a moral obligation...
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...Ethics is a broad term that people sometimes stretch to fit the way that is convenient to them, but in reality ethics is a strong sense of right and wrong. In our textbook Organization Behavior by Nelson and Quick, ethics is defined as “the study of moral values and moral behavior” (Nelson and Quick). Ethics are a very important aspect in an organization. Ethical behavior by an organization can set them apart from others and give an impression of a good, honest working company. Ethical behavior is defined as “acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and commonly held values of the organization and society” (Nelson and Quick). This definition is a little more open ended because it gives the organization power to decide what is ethical. The key part of this definition is “values of the organization and society”. This aspect of the definition means that ethical behavior based off of societal values and not just personal beliefs. Unethical behavior in an organization can cost many companies. Things such as wrongful termination and other unethical behaviors can lead to lawsuits against a company. Organizations that have not abided by the codes of ethical behavior have had major consequences, which are shown in throughout this paper. A major question is should an absolutist view be taken towards ethics or should situations be judged at the time of the issue in order to apply the rules the way you see fit? When it comes to ethics any illegal actions are clearly...
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...Asbestos and Asbestos Health Effects What is asbestos? Asbestos is the name given to a number of naturally occurring fibrous minerals with high tensile strength, the ability to be woven, and resistance to heat and most chemicals. Because of these properties, asbestos fibers have been used in a wide range of manufactured goods, including roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper and cement products, textiles, coatings, and friction products such as automobile clutch, brake and transmission parts. The current federal definition of asbestos is the asbestiform varieties of: chrysotile (serpentine); crocidolite (riebeckite); amosite (cummingtonite/grunerite); anthophyllite; tremolite; and actinolite. What are the health effects of asbestos exposure? Exposure to airborne friable asbestos may result in a potential health risk because persons breathing the air may breathe in asbestos fibers. Continued exposure can increase the amount of fibers that remain in the lung. Fibers embedded in lung tissue over time may cause serious lung diseases including: asbestosis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma. Smoking increases the risk of developing illness from asbestos exposure. Three of the major health effects associated with asbestos exposure include: • Asbestosis – Asbestosis is a serious, progressive, long-term non-cancer disease of the lungs. It is caused by inhaling asbestos fibers that irritate lung tissues and cause the tissues to scar. The scarring makes it hard for oxygen...
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...On site and offsite emergency plans on chemical disaster Why Emergency Planning is required? After the incident of Bhopal gas disaster, the Factories Act has been amended and a new chapter i.e. Chapter IVA – provision relating to hazardous processes has been added to the Factories Act with addition of new provisions sec 41A, 41B, 41C, 41D, 41E, 41G & 41H covering all hazardous process industries. Under the provision of Sec 41B(4) every occupier shall with the approval of the Chief Inspector of Factories draw up an On-site Emergency Plan and detailed disaster control measures for his factory and make known to the workers employed therein and to the general public living in the vicinity of the factory the safety measures required to be taken in the event of an accident taking place. This is the statutory provision laid down in the act for preparation of On-site Emergency Plan to control disaster in the factories. Major accidents may cause emergency and it may lead to disaster, which may cause heavy damage to plant, property, harm to person and create adverse affects on production. Many disasters like Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl nuclear disaster etc. have occurred at many places in the world causing heavy loss of life and property. Emergency situation arises all on a sudden and creates havoc and damage to person, property, production and environment. Therefore such situations and risks should be thought in advance and it should be planned before hand to tackle...
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...IMPACT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES’ PERFORMANCE Name: Singh Sudhanshu Bala, Roll no.- ITM/BIT/MUMBAI/09/1- 17 2. INDEX Serial No. Title Page No. 1. Title Page 1 2. Index 2 3. Title of the Thesis 3 4. Background of Research 4 5. Objectives 10 6. Scope 11 7. Methodology 11 8. Review of Literature 12 9. Gaps in Literature 14 10. Summary of the Proposal 14 11. Work Plan 16 12. References 17 3. TITLE OF THE THESIS: IMPACT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES’ PERFORMANCE 4. BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH: Total quality management (TQM) - TQM has been defined as an integrated organizational effort designed to improve quality at every level. TQM is also defined as quest of excellence, fitness for use, value for money, customer satisfaction etc. The International Organisation for Standards (ISO) defines TQM as, "TQM is a management approach for an organisation, centered on quality, based on the participation of all its members and aiming at long-term success through customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organisation and to society." ISO 8402:1994 TQM acts as an umbrella under which everyone in the organisation...
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...oil-rich region was discovered by oil companies. Despite all these cases being in different areas of the United States and the world, they all have one attribute in common. All these communities are of low socio-economic status that who’s residents are predominantly people of color. The link between extreme pollution, toxic waste, lack of proper utilities such as clean water, and exclusion in the decision-making in regard to the use of natural resources and race make up environmental racism. When researching a subject such as this, the primary points to analyze are the origins of the environmental racism, both domestic and international examples, and the intent behind the corporations that poison these specific communities. These points are of particular relevance because they provide context. Next, it shows that environmental racism is a global phenomenon. Lastly, and most importantly, exploring intent will give context to whether the use of the word racism is valid....
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