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Bio 2 18.1 Worksheet

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18.1 Bio 2 Bacteria
1. Bacteria are what cell type? Prokaryotic
2. TRUE FALSE Bacteria are the most numerous organisms on earth.
3. TRUE FALSE All bacteria are harmful to humans.
4. Describe the “old” and “new” means of classifying bacteria.
Old is by shape. - Monera
Second is by size, color, and chemical composition. - archaea and bacteria are new eu bacteria is the new kingdom
5. What is the structural difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria? The general cell structure of archaea and bacteria are the same but composition and organization of some structures differ in archaea. Similar to bacteria archaea do not have interior membranes but both have cell wall and use flagella to swim. Archaea differ in the fact that their cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan and cell membrane uses ether linked lipids as opposed to ester linked lipids in bacteria.
6. Describe the habitats of the two above mentioned groups.
Eubacteria are the commonly encountered bacteria in soil, water, and living on or in larger organisms.
Archaebacteria grow in unusual environments such as salt brines, hot springs and in the ocean depts.
7. Archaebacteria are divided into three major groups. List all three and describe. 1. Methane producers - live without oxygen 2. Extreme Halophiles - live in areas with high salt concentration 3. Extreme Thermophiles - live in hot, acidic waters such as those found in sulfur springs.
8. Define the following: nucleoid, capsule, and pili.
Nucleoid- an irregularly-shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material.
Capsule- Biology a gelatinous layer forming the outer surface of some bacterial cells. pili- is a cellular organelle
9. Bacteria generally have one of three shapes. Name and describe all three.
Coccus - Spherical
Bacillus - Rod-shaped spiral - twisted
10.

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