...OS Class – Toms Hardware Essay – 02-15-14 BIOS For Beginners “BIOS for Beginners” explains just how essential the BIOS is for any standard personal computer built today. The BIOS which stands for the Basic Input Output System is a chip installed directly on the motherboard and acts as the middle man that gives commands between the hardware and the operating system. Having incorrect settings on the BIOS can slow your computer down nearly in half which is why it is so important as a technician to understand how it works and the importance of each function it provides. As processors advance, the more complex the BIOS becomes as well often leaving even experienced computer technicians scratching their heads. Any wrong move when altering settings can lead to your computer malfunctioning. If this happens, you may need to completely reset the BIOS to the factory settings using the jumpers built in on the motherboard. “It is recommended that you reboot after each individual BIOS setting change to ensure that your system functions normally. If you make numerous changes before rebooting, and your system will no longer boot, you won't know which change is responsible for the failure,” http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/bios-beginners,1126.html. To enter the BIOS in most computers, you will be using the F1, F2 or DEL button to enter the system. However, there are sometimes a couple other options as well given from a list of options when accessing damages and repairing the computer...
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...NT1110 Short Answer 3.1 1/25/15 In this essay I will be describing what the major components of a motherboard are, why upgrading just the motherboard wouldn’t be necessary because it is limited, and deviate the need for different busses on the motherboard with 64bit busses and 32bit. Basically the processor socket is the input socket for the processor, the ddr2 memory slots are for the ram (random access memory), and the heat sink acts as a radiator for the processor on the north bridge, the south bridge chip is the side of the motherboard that manages Legacy, Bios, IDE, ISA, USB, and PCI. The PCI slot is for adapters for optional video input or modems, the CMOS battery remembers the BIOS of the motherboard even when pc is turned off or unplugged, unless it is removed and the board is discharged while everything is unplugged and removed and the power button is held down for a certain amount of time depending on the manufacturer of the product, the port cluster is the I/O(input output) port holes of the motherboard, The SATA host adapter is for high speed connection usually on laptop HDDS but are now on desktops as well, the ATX12 power connector is a cluster of resistors and components that transfer the power prom the external source, and the mounting holes are the holes to mount the motherboard to the tower. Just upgrading the motherboard isn’t going to give you much more performance increases, other hardware is required such as more ram, a faster processor, a more...
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...Describe how the animal species richness found in the Galeolaria caespitose clump biotype could be affected by pollution Marine ecosystems are known to have rich biodiversity of species and therefore generally thought of as being stable and resilient to natural progressions of the earth (Johnson, Roberts, 2009) Disturbances in the habitat by unnatural means, such as pollution, can harm the balance of these ecosystems as the species are unable to adapt to the unusual contaminants that would not naturally encounter. One part of this ecosystem is the calcareous tubes secreted by the polychaete worm called Galeolaria caespitoa which are found in large clumps on pier pilings and in the intertidal zones of rocky shores (Ladiges et al. 2010). When viewing the calcareous tubes for the first time it appears that there is only one species, the Galeolaria caesplitoa, present but upon further inspection a diverse range of species can be found including annelids, molluscs and arthropods. These species all exist in this clump and benefit from the stability and protection that the clumps provide, but the introduction of a unnatural occurrence such as pollution can affect the way these animal feed, breed and breathe. The main source of pollution that comes into contact with marine ecosystems is sewerage which contains waste materials from everyday human activities such as slaughterhouse wastes, animal remains, domestic wastes, industrial wastes, faecal matter and many others (Islam, Tanaka...
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...Miss Ever’s Boys Bioethical Writing Assignment In the movie “Miss Ever’s Boys”, the public health service decided in 1932 to conduct a study in Macon County, Alabama to examine the sequences of untreated syphilis in African-American patients by using the facilities of the Tuskegee Institute. African-American people, who lived in poverty and lacked the medical health care were told that they would be given some financial and food assistances and free examinations for “bad blood” a term used to refer to syphilis. Hundreds of African-American were involved in what was known as “The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male”. Though the study was never revealed or explained to them. The disease was never treated even when penicillin became available. The subjects of Penicillin were not afforded the option of getting the shots because depending on the stage of syphilis, penicillin may not be a safe treatment option. They did point to the first study-in-nature that in some people syphilis goes away without treatments. I think it would be unethical today for researchers to conduct an experiment in which some people with syphilis would receive treatments and others wouldn’t. I believe the judging of the Tuskegee study wasn’t fair considering things were different in the 1940s. However, they should have made the African-Americans aware of their real medical status and information about penicillin. The military was even affected by syphilis. Some African-American men were...
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...Kingsburg is a small town that sits right in the center of California, in the heart of the Central Valley. It’s full of farmers and small businesses that are passed on from generation to generation. A large majority of the population is migrate workers, whom work the fields with whatever produce is in season. My family comes from a long line of these types of migrate farm workers. My parents would scratch together whatever jobs they could find growing up to help support their families. As my sisters and I grew up, we learned early that hard work doesn’t always cut it in life. My parents helped us understand a strong education, paired with hard work, can take us anywhere. Growing up in Kingsburg, my family background showed that we had two options after high school. Option 1; graduate high school, find a job, work there for a large majority of our lives and retire. Option 2; attempt to go to junior college, drop out, find a job, work there for a large majority of our lives and retire. As a teenager, I remember seeing my aunts, uncles, cousins, and my own parents go through these same options. If I were to describe my family background in one word, it would be repetitiveness. It wasn’t easy to break the cycle of my family background. I credit my parents to keeping me motivated and positive that a better future will come from hard work and education. This solid foundation helped my older sister achieve her Master’s degree, my younger sister to achieve her Master’s degree, and...
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...IT320 Unit 5 HW 1. When a router is first powered on, it completes a four-step initialization process: 1. Preforming a power-on self test (POST) 2. Loading a bootstrap program 3. Loading an IOS 4. Loading a configuration file The last three of these steps require the router to copy the files into RAM. Normally, most routers load an IOS image that is stored in flash memory and an initial configuration stored in NVRAM. 2. Routers use the following logic, in order, to attempt to load an IOS: 1. Load a limited-function IOS if the configuration register’s last hex digit is set to 0 or 1. 2. Load an IOS based on the configuration of boot system commands in the startup-configuration file. 3. Load the first file in flash as the IOS. 4. Use TFTP broadcasts to find a TFTP server and download an IOS from that server. 5. Load a limited-function IOS from ROM. In Step 1, the configuration register is a16-bit number that Cisco routers store in a hidden area of NVRAM. It can be set in a couple of ways and can be seen using the show version command. The most commonly used way to set its value is to use the config-register global configuration command. Routers use the 4 low-order bits of the configuration register as the boot field, which tells the router what to do in the first of the preceding five decision steps. If the value of the field is set to 0, the router loads the ROMMON (ROM Monitor), which is used for password recovery. If the value is set to1, the router loads...
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...Knowledge Assessment Matching 1. Remote Desktop E. Based on the former Terminal Services 2. System image backup J. Saves data to a VHD file 3. BranchCache A. Conserves WAN bandwidth 4. Distributed cache mode B. Files cached on each client 5. Volume shadow copies H. Previous versions 6. Incremental backup D. Files changed since the last backup job 7. Windows RE I. Accessible from a Window 7 installation disk 8. Hosted cache mode C. Files cached on a central server 9. Windows Remote Management G. Executes PowerShell commands on remote computers 10. System restore point F. Configuration settings and registry information Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following service priority guidelines are not accurate? D. Departmental issues should be rated according to the function of the department. A problem with a computer belonging to a department that is critical to the organization, such as order entry or a customer service call center, should take precedence over a problem with a computer belonging to a department that can better tolerate a period of down time, such as research and development. 2. Place these troubleshooting steps in the correct order, using the procedure described in this lesson as your guide. B, D, C, A. B: Establishing the symptoms is the first step in troubleshooting any problem to determine exactly what is going wrong. D: Select the most probable cause. Once...
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...BitLocker Drive Encryption Overview 73 out of 98 rated this helpful - Rate this topic Applies To: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista BitLocker Drive Encryption is a data protection feature available Windows Server 2008 R2 and in some editions of Windows 7. Having BitLocker integrated with the operating system addresses the threats of data theft or exposure from lost, stolen, or inappropriately decommissioned computers. Data on a lost or stolen computer is vulnerable to unauthorized access, either by running a software-attack tool against it or by transferring the computer's hard disk to a different computer. BitLocker helps mitigate unauthorized data access by enhancing file and system protections. BitLocker also helps render data inaccessible when BitLocker-protected computers are decommissioned or recycled. BitLocker provides the most protection when used with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 1.2. The TPM is a hardware component installed in many newer computers by the computer manufacturers. It works with BitLocker to help protect user data and to ensure that a computer has not been tampered with while the system was offline. On computers that do not have a TPM version 1.2, you can still use BitLocker to encrypt the Windows operating system drive. However, this implementation will require the user to insert a USB startup key to start the computer or resume from hibernation, and it does not provide the pre-startup system integrity verification...
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...Introduction To sum of the differences between ROM RAM BIOS and Post I will simply define the basis of each component while defining what they do. ROM is short for (Read-only Memory) Memory which data is prerecorded on a computer. ROM is simply data that cannot be eliminated even when the computer is off. When working in ROM it is difficult or nearly impossible to change. BIOS is short for the acronym (Basic Input Output System) it is a program which stores detailed information and enable the computer to boot. In addition a ROM chip located on the motherboard, it lets you access the basic setup and ensures that the BIOS will readily be available and will not de damaged by disk failures. RAM is (Random Access Memory) Memory that can be access randomly memory that can be access without touching preceding bytes. RAM is the typical memory found in most computers or printers. In addition, RAM is a volatile memory that requires power to keep information accessible. If power is lost, then memory can be lost. Lastly Post is the self-test which is activated by Bios. The post is designed to run checks on the motherboard. It necessary to use ROM for the BIOS because the ROM retains information on the computer even while shut down whereas RAM does not. Whenever a computer is being use the information is being stored on the RAM if the is ever a power shortage or the computer lose power the information is lost. RAM does not store memory when there is no power. POST beep codes make...
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...Motherboard Answer the following questions 5 April 2015 Tanweer Haroon DeJong May The major components of the motherboard are as follows: memory and their slots which is the computer’s memory (RAM) and is one of the most important parts of the system board. The number of chips depends on the type of computer and its capacity. Expansion cards are a typical component of non-integrated system boards a graphic card is a perfect example, but this can be integrated into the motherboard. CPU and slots is the central processing unit and it’s a highly prolific part of the computer and is located on the right of a motherboard and can be identified as a result of the heat sink or cooling fan directly on it. BIOS chip directs the CPU with respect to how it relates with other parts of the computer. Its basic input and output system chip or integrated circuit is fixed on the board and is easily identifiable. CMOS battery, the complementary metal oxide semiconductor is a small battery on the system board that powers the CMOS memory. Power supply and connectors is the electrical unit of the system and if it’s bad the system will not work. Keyboard connector are located on the motherboard and there are two main types. The AT has a round connecting interface into the motherboard and the PS/2 connector is rectangular in shape and smaller. Modern motherboards come with both. Mouse connector its connecting port is located on the motherboard and its interface is usually round. Floppy...
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...Fall BIOS – Instructor: Mrs. Nicholas – NT1110 – 1 May 2014 Lavon Hawkins BIOS SUMMARY Lavon Hawkins BIOS SUMMARY BIOS BIOS: The BIOS is software which is stored on the motherboard. It tells the computer how to perform a number of basic functions such as booting and keyboard control. It is also used to identify and configure the hardware in a computer such as hard drive, floppy drive, optical drive, CPU, memory and so on. CMOS: The complementary metal oxide semiconductor is the type of semiconductor chip on the motherboard which stores the system information and computer settings such as date, time, hard drive settings, boot sequence, parallel part settings, on-base audio and video etc. Firmware: Firmware is a combination of software and hardware. Computer chips that have data or programs recorded on them are firmware. POST: The POST or power on self-test is a test the computer does when it first boots up. It’s to verify all the hardware is working. If all checks out it usually gives a single beep. If not a beep code could come up. Beep Code: A beep code is an audible code which is generated during the POST (Power On Self Test) when the BIOS has an issue but has not made it all the way up the boot sequence that it can give you the error as a message on the monitor BIOS update: Updating the BIOS can fix or enhance aspects of a computers performance. Or it may provide support for newly installed hardware. 1 Flash BIOS update: A BIOS chip...
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...products that are new and cheaper than the ones that came before. This way a company is able to take a product that is already out on the market and take it apart piece by piece and see how it works so they can rebuild it cheaper and more efficiently. One famous example of reverse engineering is in the mid-1980s Phoenix Technologies Ltd wanted to produce a BIOS for PCs that would be compatible with the IBM PCs proprietary BIOS. To protect themselves from any charges of illegally copying their BIOS they used what is called a clean room. With the clean room approach there are two teams; one that studies the BIOS that they are trying to recreate and they come up with a detailed report of what it is exactly the BIOS does without using any of the code or anything that will link their description to that particular BIOS. Then this description is given to another team that has not looked at the code of the BIOS they are recreating and they build whole new BIOS off those instructions. This way even if some of the code is the same it will not be a copy right infringement since the second team who actually wrote the code and built the BIOS...
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...on a motherboard? Why can these busses not be replaced with a single bus? • With 64-bit busses available, why should 32-bit busses be provided as well? The motherboard of a computer is also known as the System Board. The circuit board is the platform on which all the hardware of the computer is connected. It is said to be the most important part of the computer. The expansion cards, and slots, BIOS chip, CMOS battery, jumpers and DIP switches, heat sink, PCI, Power connector, on board disk drive connectors, memory slots, keyboard connectors, Peripheral ports and connectors are all the things that one may find on the motherboard. The expansion cards are a typical part of nonintegrated system board. An example of this is a graphic card. Memory slots are one of the most important part of the system board. The number of memory chips on a motherboard depends on the type of CPU and its capacity. The slots are usually white and black and close in proximity to one another. The BIOS chip is also a very important part of the system board. It directs the CPU to other parts of the computer. BIOS and its manufacturers name are usually written on the chip. The CMOS battery or (complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) is a small battery on the system...
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...that starts the “chain reaction” which ends with the entire operating system being loaded is known as the boot loader (or bootstrap loader). The term creatively came from early designiners imagining that before a computer “runs” it must have it’s “boots strapped”. The boot loader’s only job is to load other software for the operating system to start. Often, multiple-stage boot loaders are used, in which several small programs of increasing complexity sequentially summon one after the other, until the last of them loads the operating system. Boot Devices The boot device is the device from which the operating system is loaded. A modern PC BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) supports booting from various devices. These include the local hard disk drive, optical drive, floppy drive, a network interface card, and a USB device. Typically, the BIOS will allow the user to configure a boot order. If the boot order is set to: 1. CD Drive 2. Hard Disk Drive 3....
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...Ransomware Discuss the threat When infected restricts you to access to a computer system. This will become more refined in its targets and methods. Experts predict that the variants of ransomware that hurt the security software that are installed within a computer may particularly target the endpoints which sign up with cloud-based storage solutions like Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive and many more. On detecting the endpoint, ransomware will exploit the stored personal credentials of the logged-in user and will even infect the cloud storage that is backed up. McAfee has warned that ransomware attackers will try out as many ways possible to shell out ransom payments from their victims. Degree of damage The most advanced and most damaging ransomware in the wild at the moment, specifically targeting U.S. businesses and individuals. It's a $70 million per year criminal enterprise. Its magnitude is now confirmed by law enforcement. Some quick math shows $18,145 in costs per victim, caused by network mitigation, network countermeasures, loss of productivity, legal fees, IT services, and/or the purchase of credit monitoring services for employees or customers. As you can see, the total costs of a ransomware infection goes well above just the ransom fee itself, which is usually around $500 but can go up to $10,000. What it attacked Ransomware is a type of malware that infects a computer and restricts a user’s access to the infected computer. This type of malware...
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